太湖梅梁湾水环境监控预警体系研究

从水质预警站、实验室深度分析和蓝藻遥感监测等技术集成，监控预警模型构建，监控预警体系建立，应急响应工作 机制等方面介绍了太湖梅梁湾水环境监控预警系统的研究，为太湖流域水环境监控预警提供示范。     

太湖流域水环境天地一体化监测体系构建与应用

为全面提升中国水环境监测预警能力和水平，建立天地一体化监测体系，以太湖流域为研究区域，探索了水环境天地一体化监测方法，有效地结合地面常规监测与卫星遥感监测技术优势，弥补了现行环境监测体系的不足，为环境污染，生态变化，灾害监测、预警、评估及应急救助等指挥体系提供参考。     

地表水水质自动监测预警方法初探

基于目前我国地表水水质自动监测现状,初步探讨了地表水水质自动监测预警方法体系,提出了水质自动监测预警的整体技术路线,搭建基于突变型预警和渐变型预警的多种预警模型组框架,可以实现对单因子、多因子组合,趋势、状态等不同情况的异常水质数据进行预警,保证了预警的可靠性和准确性。通过实例分析,从水质自动监测数据集成、异常数据判定清洗、预警模型建立与运行、预警信息处理等方面介绍了水质自动监测预警的实现方法。     

挥发酚在线监测技术在苏州市水源地预警监测的应用

酚污染正严重威胁着饮用水源地的供水安全，迫切需要开展挥发酚实时预警监测。从挥发酚在线监测系统构架、监测方法验证、在线监测功能完善、运维周期及成本核算、应急预警功能实现等方面，介绍了挥发酚在线监测技术在苏州市饮用水源地的应用经验，以期进一步完善水源水预警监测体系。     

做好突发性污染事故应急监测的几点看法

从建立完善的危险源档案及预警方案，合理配置设备、建立应急监测网络，加强领导、强化监测队伍能力建设及制定详细的应急监测工作程序四个方面，阐述了如何才能做好突发性环境污染事故的应急监测工作。     

汶川特大地震环境应急监测回顾与思考

以汶川特大地震后成都市环境应急监测为案例,在回顾历时近3个月的环境应急监测基础上,围绕应急监测组织体系、方案制定、能力建设等内容进行了分析并提出了建议,旨在对建立我国应对特大自然灾害或环境污染事故的环境应急监测预警体系进行初探。     

完善应急监测网络 提高环境管理能力

阐述了建立广东省环境应急监测网络的重要性，以及加大对环境应急监测网络建设投入、配套信息系统及公告制度建设的要求、方法、程序，并从完善应急监测网络，建立应急监测法规体系，加强应急监测队伍建设等方面对广东省环境应急监测体系的发展方向进行了探讨。     

《2010年度江苏省环境监测工作目标考核办法》正式颁发

为组织江苏省各级环境监测站做好2010年环境监测工作，围绕2010年全省环保重点工作，江苏省环保厅编制印发了《2010年度江苏省环境监测工作目标考核办法》（苏环办[2010]93号），考核办法内容包括：先进的监测预警体系建设、减排监测体系建设、预警与应急监测、生态监测、农村环境质量监测、完善和创新环境质量监测、监测信息化与环境质量综合分析、质量管理、监测科研、创建文明行业等11大项34小项，总分105分（其中5分为附加分）。     

地表水水质预警方法研究综述

阐述了水质预警的概念,介绍了水环境模型、生物毒性监测和数理统计方法在地表水水质预警中的应用,总结了各种方法的优缺点。分析了水质预警方法目前面临的挑战,并从融合多种预警方法、关联多维多元数据、建立一体化智能模型等3个方面,对水质预警未来的发展方向进行了展望。     

强化环境质量监测 推进监测事业科学发展

从强化环境质量监测、评价与研究的重要性角度，简述了构建完善的由纵向网、立体网、横向网等3大网络体系构成的环境质量监测预警体系的必要性，提出该体系的构建需尽快完善法律、人才、经费、技术等4大长效保障机制。     

太湖蓝藻水华预警监测技术体系的探讨

太湖蓝藻水华已经成为一个社会和政府共同关注的环境问题.为确保太湖地区饮水安全,提高政府应对蓝藻水华的能力,对太湖水源地蓝藻进行预警监测是判断蓝藻水华发展趋势以及制定相应的对策的重要手段.文章分析了蓝藻水华暴发的过程和蓝藻水华的监测技术,结合政府部门的实际,提出了太湖引用水源地蓝藻水华预警监测体系,对整个太湖地区乃至全国富营养化水体的水质预警具有重要的参考价值.     

构建南京市现代环境监测体系的思考

简述了在生态文明建设新形势下构建现代环境监测体系的重要性。指出加快能力建设是构建现代环境监测体系的核心，加强网络建设是构建现代环境监测体系的保障，队伍建设是构建现代环境监测体系的根本。提出南京市环境监测要树立大环保观念，通过现代环境监测体系建设，从属地监测向流域监测、区域监测的发展目标。     

Biomanipulation of hypereutrophic ponds: when it works and why it fails

Phytoplankton, zooplankton, submerged vegetation and main nutrients have been monitored in 48 eutrophic ponds from the Brussels Capital Region (Belgium) between 2005 and 2008. Nine ponds have been biomanipulated in order to improve their ecological quality and prevent the occurrence of noxious cyanobacterial blooms. The 4-year study of a large number of ponds allowed identification of the factors having the strongest influence on phytoplankton growth. Continuous monitoring of the biomanipulated ponds allowed the significance of changes caused by biomanipulation to be tested as well as the main reasons of biomanipulation successes and failures to be elucidated. The main factors controlling phytoplankton in the ponds studied appeared to be grazing by large cladocerans and inhibition of phytoplankton growth by submerged vegetation. Biomanipulation resulted in a significant decrease in phytoplankton biomass in general and biomass of bloom-forming cyanobacteria in particular that were associated with a significant increase in large Cladocera density and size. In six out of nine ponds biomanipulation resulted in the restoration of submerged vegetation. The maintenance of the restored clearwater state in the biomanipulated ponds was strongly dependent on fish recolonisation and nutrient level. In the absence of fish, the clearwater state could be maintained by submerged vegetation or large zooplankton grazing alone. In case of fish recolonisation, restoration of extensive submerged vegetation could buffer, to a considerable degree, the effect of fish except for ponds with high nutrient levels.     

A Comparison of Sediment and Monitoring Data: Implications for Paleomonitoring a Small Lake

Long-term limnological monitoring data (from 1971 to 2001) were compared with sediment core record in Lake Viitna Linajärv (hereafter L. Viitna), a small lake in northern Estonia. The monitoring data show that L. Viitna changed from mesotrophic in the 1970s to eutrophic in the 1990s. The trends of paleodata thatintegrate the changes in the biogeochemical matter cycling in the lake over 2–3 years have clear signals about changes in the state ofthe ecosystem in L. Viitna during the last decades. A gradual increase in organic productivity should reflect a greater oxygen demand in the hypolimnion. As a result the hypolimnion becameseasonally anoxic earlier and its pH level remained low for a longer time. These fundamental changes near the sediment-water interface were recorded in the sediment core. The greatest changes occurred at the beginning of the 1980s (layers at a depthof ca. 20 cm), when the meso(eu?)trophic conditions in L. Viitnastarted to become increasingly more eutrophic. The variations ofpaleorecords in the upper part of the sediment core coincide temporally with changes in the water level of the lake.     

Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Network Design for Assessing Human Health Impacts from Exposures to Airborne Contaminants

Existing methods of establishing ambientair quality monitoring networks typically evaluateonly parameters related to ambient concentrations ofthe contaminant(s) of interest such as emissionsource characteristics, atmospheric transport anddispersion, secondary reactions, depositioncharacteristics, and local topography. However,adverse health risks from exposures to airbornecontaminants are a function of the contaminant andthe anatomic and physiologic characteristics of theexposed population. Thus, ambient air qualitymonitoring networks designed for the protection ofpublic health or for epidemiological studiesevaluating adverse health impacts from exposures toambient air contaminants should account for bothcontaminant characteristics and human healthparameters. A methodology has been establishedwhich optimizes ambient air quality monitoringnetworks for assessments of adverse human healthimpacts from exposures to airborne contaminants byincorporating human health risk assessmenttechniques. The use of risk assessment techniquesas the basis for designing ambient air qualitymonitoring networks will help to target limitedfinancial and human resources to evaluate humanhealth risks from exposures to airbornecontaminants.     

九龙江河口春季磷的形态分配及浮游植物对磷的响应

以石码河口及上游水域为研究对象，2007年5月对表层水中不同形态的磷及浮游植物生物量叶绿素a（Chla）进行了调查，分析河口磷形态分配的影响因素及与浮游植物生物量的关系。以颗粒态有机磷（POP）为主的颗粒态磷（PP）占总磷的61．2％；溶解态无机磷（DIP）占溶解态磷（TDP）的72．8％。河口区上游磷与河口磷的组成相似，雨水的淋洗作用对水体中磷的组成有较大影响，以颗粒态无机磷（PIP）的显著增高为特征。水中Chla与TP和DOP存在极显著的正相关，表明生物活动在一定程度上控制着该水域表层水中磷形态的分布。     

垃圾渗滤液氨态氮与挥发性脂肪酸馏出规律研究

为了提高垃圾渗滤液氨态氮（NH4^＋-N）与挥发性脂肪酸（VFA）联合滴定分析结果的准确性，试验研究了NH4^＋-N与VFA的馏出规律，并在此基础上对联合滴定方法的优化进行了探讨。结果表明：测得的NH4^＋-N质量浓度（Y1）、VFA浓度（Y2）与馏出液体积（X）分别符合函数关系式；联合滴定分析过程中，渗滤液样品NH4^＋-N质量浓度应稀释至150mg／L-200mg／L，NH4^＋-N馏出液应大于蒸馏液体积的60％；VFA分析应采用“一次蒸馏80％＋二次蒸馏”的方式，且VFA二次馏出液应大于蒸馏液体积的75％（相对误差限εr〈5％）。     

挺水植物化感作用抑制藻类生长的机理与应用

根据国内外挺水植物化感作用抑制藻类的研究,对菖蒲等15科20种挺水植物化感抑制水华鱼腥藻等18种水华藻类的作用予以评述;归纳了挺水植物化感作用在影响藻细胞亚显微结构、酶体系活性、呼吸作用、光合作用、细胞膜和细胞内小分子物质的含量等6方面的抑制藻类生长的机理;对移植栽种植物共培养、从植物中提取化感物质和直接施加化感物质等3种类型抑制藻类的应用方式进行概述;结合当前中国水华频发、抑藻和除藻任务繁重的现状,指出存在的主要问题并提出今后研究和应用化感作用抑制藻类的展望。     

Canada's National Forest Inventory (Responding to Current Information Needs)

Canada's current National Forest Inventory is a periodic compilation of existing inventory material from across the country. While the current approach has many advantages, it lacks information on the nature and rate of changes to the resource, and does not permit projections or forecasts. Beinga compilation of inventories of different dates, the current national forest inventory cannot reflect the current state ofthe forests and therefore cannot be used as a satisfactory baseline for monitoring change. The current format of Canada's National Forest Inventory has served its purpose by providingnational statistical compilations and reporting. However, itsuseful life is coming to a conclusion. To meet new demands, Canada is considering a new National Forest Inventory design consisting of a plot-based system of permanent observational units located on a national grid. The objective of the new inventory design is to assess and monitor the extent, state andsustainability of Canada's forests in a timely and accurate manner. Details of the new inventory design are described. A strategy to respond to Canada's national and international forest reporting commitments through a National Forest Information System is also discussed.     

Monitoring the Hydrology of Canadian Prairie Wetlands to Detect the Effects of Climate Change and Land Use Changes

There are millions of small isolatedwetlands in the semi-arid Canadian prairies. These`sloughs' are refuges for wildlife in an area that isotherwise intensively used for agriculture. They areparticularly important as waterfowl habitat, with morethan half of all North American ducks nesting inprairie sloughs. The water levels and ecology of thewetlands are sensitive to atmospheric change and tochanges of agricultural practices in the surroundingfields. Monitoring of the hydrological conditions ofthe wetlands across the region is vital for detectinglong-term trends and for studying the processes thatcontrol the water balance of the wetlands. Suchmonitoring therefore requires extensive regional-scaledata complemented by intensive measurements at a fewlocations. At present, wetlands are being enumeratedacross the region once each year and year-roundmonitoring is being carried out at a few locations. Theregional-scale data can be statistically related toregional climate data, but such analyses cast littlelight on the hydrological processes and have limitedpredictive value when climate and land use arechanging. The intensive monitoring network has providedimportant insights but it now needs to be expanded andrevised to meet new questions concerning the effects ofclimate change and land use.