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1.
以粉煤灰为吸附材料,模拟含铅离子废水,探讨吸附时间、p H值、温度、投灰量、离子浓度5个因素对粉煤灰吸附重金属效率的影响;并设计五因素四水平的正交实验,经过均值分析和方差分析数据得出最佳水平组,结果表明:当离子质量浓度60 mg/L、吸附时间90 min、投灰量5.0 g、p H值6.0、温度20℃时吸附效果最好。单因素分析得出,当吸附时间90 min、p H值6.0、温度50℃、投灰量5.0 g、离子质量浓度30 mg/L时吸附效果相对较好,单因素方差分析也证明以上5种因子对粉煤灰吸附铅离子具有显著性差异。  相似文献   

2.
红外分光光度法测定水中油类物质吸附方法的比较   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
吸附处理是红外法测定石油类的一个重要环节.通过实验对吸附柱法和振荡吸附法进行对较,结果表明动植物油质量浓度为0.560 mg/L~145 mg/L的水样,振荡吸附法吸附效率高于吸附柱法.振荡吸附法还具有操作时间短、硅酸镁耗量低、对操作人员危害性小、样品可批量分析的优点.  相似文献   

3.
以四氯化碳为萃取溶剂,自动搅拌萃取污水样品中的总油,有机相经硅酸镁吸附脱除极性物质后,选择红外分光光度法测定其中的石油类,方法检出限为0.024 mg/L;对实际水样进行4个质量浓度水平的加标回收试验,回收率在88.0%~108%之间,6次测定的相对标准偏差为2.9%~6.1%,满足污水中石油类的测试要求。  相似文献   

4.
采用EV生化、生态组合净化技术处理农村生活污水,对工艺的运行效果、污染物的去除途径及温度对污染物去除率的影响进行了研究分析.一年的观测结果表明,该工艺结合了生物技术和生态工程的优点,能有效去除生活污水中的有机物、氮、磷和粪大肠菌群,且处理效果稳定.温度对有机物、总磷的去除效率影响较小,对总氮、氨氮去除效率影响较大,在冬...  相似文献   

5.
正交设计在废水吸附试验研究中的应用   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
本文应用正交设计的基本理论,试验研究了粉煤灰,工业煤渣和泥炭在不同状况下对纺织印染废水的吸附处理效果,确定了最佳吸附工况,取得了较为满意的结果,为正交设计理论于环境污染治理技术的研究进行了有益的尝试,具有一定的实际意义。  相似文献   

6.
石油勘探开发中的石油类污染及其监测分析技术   总被引:15,自引:2,他引:15  
首先介绍了陆地石油勘探开发过程对环境的影响 ,并总结出这种影响集中体现在油田附近水体和土壤受到石油类的污染。然后针对石油类监测分析方法展开探讨 ,并分水中石油类和土壤中石油类两部分 ,把我国和美国的监测方法进行了对比研究。在此基础上提出了在进行油田环境现状评价和石油类污染物环境变迁规律研究中使用石油类分析方法的建议  相似文献   

7.
用ICP—AES检测离子浓度方法研究了不同形态MnO2在不同pH下对污水中重金属离子Pb2+和Cd2+的吸附效果。结果表明:当溶液的pH=7时最有利于吸附,且α形态MnO2对重金属离子的吸附效果最好,其中对Pb2+最高吸附效率可达99.84%,对Cd2+的最高吸附效率可达71.54%。  相似文献   

8.
收集150家江苏省典型汽车零部件企业VOCs排放信息,对2家典型企业进行排放测试,分析江苏省该行业原辅料使用情况、产排污环节与核查要点、VOCs的排放特征,并提出最佳治理建议。研究表明,江苏省汽车零部件行业使用的涂料以溶剂型为主(占比约为79%)。废气按排放量大小依次为苯类、醇类、酯类和酮类,使用燃烧法处理后排放物种以烷烃为主,使用活性炭吸附法处理前后物种差异较小。吸附浓缩+燃烧组合处理工艺为目前最佳组合技术,处理效率 95%。  相似文献   

9.
用红外分光光度法测定样品中石油类时,四氯化碳(CCl4)的纯度对测定结果有影响,必须先提纯CCl4,使其纯度满足方法要求.常用的提纯方法有吸附法、水浴蒸馏法、混合精制法和酸化法,但这些提纯方法成本高,效率低,甚至在提纯过程中还会引入其他杂质,先蒸馏CCl4,再将蒸馏后的CCl4利用活性炭吸附,是精制CCl4的好方法.  相似文献   

10.
根据《水质石油类的测定紫外分光光度法(试行)》(HJ 970—2018)的要求,以正己烷为溶剂,采用自行设计的搅拌式液液萃取器处理样品,萃取相经硅酸镁吸附脱除极性物质后,用紫外分光光度法测定常州市城市饮用水水源地的石油类指标。结果表明:方法检出限为0.01 mg/L,线性范围为0~16.0 mg/L,相关系数为0.9998,4种不同浓度配制样品测定的相对误差为-15.0%~4.0%,相对标准偏差为2.2%~8.8%。各项技术指标均满足《HJ 970—2018》相关质量控制要求,相比手动萃取-红外分光光度法,自动搅拌萃取-紫外分光光度法能有效提高分析效率和降低职业危害。  相似文献   

11.
红外分光光度法测定水中石油类,可用S-316(六氯四氟丁烷)作提取剂,测定了以S-316为溶剂配制的正十六烷,姥鲛烷和甲苯溶液的校正系数,并对该校正系数作了检验,比较了S-316和CCl4的本底值和萃取率,结果表明S-316可作为红外法测定水中石油类的提取剂,并具有毒性小,萃取率高等特点。  相似文献   

12.
General considerations of the calibrations of in situ measurements are presented and the concept of using an "average oil" with average analysability for calibration purposes is introduced. The in situ analysis of 30 petroleum product-contaminated soil samples with laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) spectroscopy was performed. Compared to an uncontaminated laboratory reference (LR) soil, 23 soil samples exhibited significantly higher LIF signals, so that these soil samples were classified as contaminated. The repeatability and reproducibility of the in situ LIF analysis were investigated. For the calibration of the LIF data, two LR oils (a fuel oil and a crude oil) were employed. The degree of soil contamination with petroleum products ranged from the limit of detection (LOD) for LIF analysis (ca. 100 ppm), or below, to more than 10,000 ppm. The petroleum product concentrations determined with in situ LIF analysis reveal a reasonable correlation with the results of standard IR analysis after extraction of the contaminated soils.  相似文献   

13.
Three biosurfactant-producing strains designated as BS-1, BS-3, and BS-4 were screened out from crude oil-contaminated soil using a combination of surface tension measurement and oil spreading method. Thin layer chromatography and infrared analysis indicated that the biosurfactants produced by the three strains were lipopeptide, glycolipid, and phospholipid. The enhancement of solubilization and biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in groundwater employing biosurfactant-producing strains was investigated. The three strain mixtures led to more solubilization of petroleum hydrocarbons in groundwater, and the solubilization rate was 10.5 mg l?1. The combination of biosurfactant-producing strains and petroleum-degrading strains exhibited a higher biodegradation efficiency of 85.4 % than the petroleum-degrading strains (71.2 %). Biodegradation was enhanced the greatest with biosurfactant-producing strains and petroleum-degrading strains in a ratio of 1:1. Fluorescence microscopy images illustrate that the oil dispersed into smaller droplets and emulsified in the presence of biosurfactant-producing strains, which attached to the oil. Thus, the biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in groundwater was enhanced.  相似文献   

14.
研究了石油醚的吸收光谱 ,分析了泥沙对紫外分光光度法测定油污染物的影响 ,探讨了消除泥沙影响的方法 ,提出了紫外分光光度法测定黄河多泥沙水体中油污染物的改进方法。  相似文献   

15.
质量控制是保证监测数据质量的重要环节,根据红外光度法测定石油类的原理,对影响数据的关键因素(如仪器校正系数、试剂、空白试验、方法检出限以及准确度的核查等)进行了讨论,对规范石油类的质量保证和质量控制有着实际意义。  相似文献   

16.
通过对石油开发应急管理系统分类及内容分析研究,结果焉耆地石油开发特点,提出焉耆盆地石油勘探开发水污染应急管理系统应具备的内容和功能,为焉耆盆地和其它区域石油开发污染控制提供了参考。  相似文献   

17.
介绍了河流重油泄漏事故的应急监测,包括监测方案制定、监测点位设置、分析对象确定、跟踪监测、数据分析等。重油污染可通过监测水体中的石油类进行。监测结果表明,重油泄漏事故在短期内对水环境造成了严重影响,清除完全后,水体可逐步恢复正常。重油污染具有一定的持久性,在事发后需要对水体进行长期的跟踪监测。  相似文献   

18.
We conducted controlled laboratory exposure experiments to assess the toxic effects of water-accommodated fractions (WAFs) of South Louisiana sweet crude oil on five phytoplankton species isolated from the Gulf of Mexico. Experiments were conducted with individual and combinations of the five phytoplankton species to determine growth inhibitions to eight total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) equivalent concentrations ranging from 461 to 7,205 ppb. The composition and concentration of crude oil were altered by physical and chemical processes and used to help evaluate crude oil toxicity. The impact of crude oil exposure on phytoplankton growth varied with the concentration of crude oil, species of microalgae, and their community composition. At a concentration of TPH <?1,200 ppb, dinoflagellate species showed significantly better tolerance, while diatom species showed a higher tolerance to crude oil at higher concentrations of TPH. For both groups, the larger species were more tolerant to crude oil than smaller ones. The toxicity potential of crude oil seems to be strongly influenced by the concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The addition of the dispersant, Corexit® EC9500A, increased the amount of crude oil up to 50-fold in the water column, while the physical enhancement (vigorous mixing of water column) did not significantly increase the amount of TPH concentration in the water column. The species response to crude oil was also examined in the five-species community. Each phytoplankton species showed considerably less tolerance to crude oil in the five-species community compared to their individual responses. This study provides baseline information about individual phytoplankton responses to crude oil and dispersed crude oil for subsequent research efforts seeking to understand the impacts of oil on the phytoplankton in the bigger picture.  相似文献   

19.
使用撬装式生物反应器处理含油污泥的现场试验   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以长庆油田华池作业区93#井场的修井油泥为对象,添加石油降解菌剂、营养盐、膨松剂,使用撬装式生物反应器控制反应温度及提供全面的机械搅拌增进溶氧量与营养物质的传递速率,对初始含油量为7.24%的含油污泥进行24d的生物强化降解后,含油量下降为0.23%。结果表明,使用撬装式生物反应器可以使微生物快速高效的降解石油污染物,...  相似文献   

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