上海市环境空气自动监控数据采集系统现状分析与思考

阐述了上海市环境空气自动监控数据采集系统的发展历程，介绍了系统的应用功能，分析了其在管理方式、运行维护、应用扩展等环节存在的问题。建议制定数据采集系统的维护管理与考核制度，统一数据来源与数据使用规则；推广电子化管理，加强突发异常情况的维护；增加仪器状态参数的报警功能及站房环境与门禁系统的监控，丰富现场点检内容，建立可视化运维平台，保障系统平稳运行。     

构建环境监测管理决策支持系统的初步设想

阐述了环境监测管理决策支持系统的信息来源，介绍了基础数据库的建立方式，指出环境监测管理决策支持系统包括系统储备信息、系统更新信息、请求信息和解决方案信息，由用户、语言系统、知识系统和问题处理系统组成，具备基础数据管理、决策支持和环境预警功能，具有实用性、开放性和高效性。     

污水自动监测系统在企业中的实践

阐述了污水自动监测系统的概念，介绍了仪征化纤股份公司污水自动监测系统的组成和管理措施。指出采用污水自动监测系统，转变了传统环境监测模式，提高了工作效率，提高了为环境管理服务的水平，有利于环境应急和减灾，实现了资源共享。建议提高环保仪表生产企业的技术研发能力，降低成本，开发多种形式的数据传输方式，满足环保监督管理的需求。     

论环境信息系统开发项目的若干问题

环境信息系统的开发是一项复杂的系统工程。本文对系统开发中的组织与管理，人才的培养与使用，系统开发的方式以及开发的一般过程进行了探讨，其目的是为避免系统开发中的盲目性，使系统的开发正规化，标准化。     

环境在线监测监控管理与发布系统

阐述了省级环境在线监测监控管理与发布系统的组成及功能特点,介绍了采用GPRS无线数据传输方式,对水、气、污染源等环境在线监测自动化系统进行数据采集、统计与GIS发布的实现方式,指出其具有传输速率高、延时小、实时性强、建设方便、费用低廉等显著优点。     

昆山市环境业务协同管理信息平台的应用及展望

简述了环境业务协同管理信息平台开发目的、系统结构、系统管理、系统组成，以及系统在污染源普查中的应用。提出扩展系统功能，实现对节能减排、污染源普查等与环境管理深层次要求相适应的环境管理信息系统建设的展望。     

浅谈空气自动监测系统的社会化运营监管

随着中国空气自动监测系统的迅速发展,其运行管理方式也在发生着变化,青岛市属国内较早开展空气自动监测系统社会化运营的城市,结合青岛市空气自动监测系统的社会化运营,全面阐述了所采取的各项管理措施的作用,以期对空气自动监测领域的发展提供借鉴。     

水污染物排放总量控制的体系研究

回顾了我国水污染物排放总量控制发展的历程，针对总量控制方法体系中存在的问题，将非点源污染和不确定性分析纳入总量控制研究，构建了新的水污染总量控制方法系统，并对方法体系涉及的管理基础、管理目标、管理模型和管理实施等问题进行了研究。     

新疆石化企业废水贮用现状及存在的问题

为掌握新疆石化企业的废水贮用现状，对新疆几个石化企业废水蓄水库运营状况及排水灌溉利用方式进行了调查分析。提出了石化企业废水冬贮及灌溉利用系统的未来管理重点和改进方向。并提出，解决新疆未来石化类工业园区排水出路问题时应注重技术进步，倡导循环经济和生态工业园区模式，因地制宜确定排水方案，应积极推进排水受纳区环境保护与资源化利用相结合的石化企业排水模式。     

对环境监测信息化建设工作的思考

简述了环境监测信息化建设是监测现代化重要内容，是巩固实验室科学、规范化管理，保障实验室管理符合ISO17025体系，挖掘监测信息使用价值，提高工作效率的重要手段。指出随着信息化建设工作的深化、细化和拓展，信息化最终将会引起一场管理模式、工作方式的变革。提出要更新理念，切实抓好制度落实；勇于管理机制创新，突破传统监测工作要素的制约，使流程和角色的概念被强化，使监测管理趋于“扁平化”；改进工作方式，持续推进信息化建设。     

污染源在线监控管理模式探讨

简述了目前环保部门两种污染源在线系统管理模式,并以南京市污染源在线监控系统建设与运作管理为例,总结了以监测部门为核心的系统运作管理模式在环境管理、环境执法、污染减排、总量控制上的优势与取得的成绩.同时提出该模式存在的问题及解决办法,并展望在线监控管理模式发展方向.     

新车免检新政实施后对高污染车的管理思路与对策的探讨

2014年9月1日起,国家试行6年以内的非营运轿车等车辆免检制度。大多数城市根据此规定,对于车辆的排放定期检验也同步实施6年免检。随着汽车保有量的快速增长,车辆尾气排放对大气环境的影响不容忽视。因此,地方环保部门应针对机动车污染排放的管理重点,从管理手段、管理体制机制、管理对策等方面进一步加强对高污染车辆的监管。     

A national framework for monitoring and reporting on environmental sustainability in Canada

In 1991, a collaborative project to revise the terrestrial component of a national ecological framework was undertaken with a wide range of stakeholders. This spatial framework consists of multiple, nested levels of ecological generalization with linkages to existing federal and provincial scientific databases. The broadest level of generalization is the ecozone. Macroclimate, major vegetation types and subcontinental scale physiographic formations constitute the definitive components of these major ecosystems. Ecozones are subdivided into approximately 200 ecoregions which are based on properties like regional physiography, surficial geology, climate, vegetation, soil, water and fauna. The ecozone and ecoregion levels of the framework have been depicted on a national map coverage at 1:7 500 000 scale. Ecoregions have been subdivided into ecodistricts based primarily on landform, parent material, topography, soils, waterbodies and vegetation at a scale (1:2 000 000) useful for environmental resource management, monitoring and modelling activities. Nested within the ecodistricts are the polygons that make up the Soil Landscapes of Canada series of 1:1 000 000 scale soil maps. The framework is supported by an ARC-INFO GIS at Agriculture Canada. The data model allows linkage to associated databases on climate, land use and socio-economic attributes.     

Comparative Water Quality of Lightly- and Moderately-Impacted Streams in the Southern Blue Ridge Mountains, USA

For less-developed regions like the Blue Ridge Mountains, data are limited that link basin-scale land use with stream quality. Two pairs of lightly-impacted (90–100% forested) and moderately-impacted (70–80% forested) sub-basins of the upper Little Tennessee River basin in the southern Blue Ridge were identified for comparison. The pairs contain physically similar stream reaches, chosen for the purpose of isolating forest conversion as a potential driver of any detected differences in water quality. Streams were sampled during baseflow conditions twice monthly over a six-month period from September 2003 through February 2004. Parametric t-tests were run for each parameter measured between the lightly-and moderately-impacted streams within each pair. Statistically significantly higher mean values of suspended and dissolved solids, nitrate, specific conductivity, turbidity, and temperature were observed in the moderately impacted streams versus the lightly impacted streams in both pairs, while dissolved oxygen levels were lower in the moderately-impacted streams. No significant differences were demonstrated in orthophosphate or ammonium concentration. A near-bankfull runoff event on February 6, 2004, was sampled for stormflow values, and the results support baseflow findings. The water quality of these streams is very good when compared with lower relief areas like the Piedmont, and none of the parameters measured in this study exceeds levels of known threat to stream biota. However, the demonstration that moderate reductions in forest cover are associated with stream water quality degradation carries important implications for stream management in this rapidly developing mountainous region.     

Internet Web-Based Information System for Scrap Vehicle Disposal in Taiwan

The scrap vehicle recycling program was formally initiated in 1995 when the illegal dumping issues of scrap tires and cars turn out to be intolerable in the society of Taiwan. The inherent complexity of such a recycling program, however, by integrating many public and private sectors that functions as a whole from the collection, storage, transport, treatment, and the disposal of scrape vehicles, makes the entire managerial efficiency hard to be maintained. Therefore, the state-of-the-art information technology via the use of the Internet platform becomes an indispensable tool to present a good communication mechanism, to provide the essential information sharing between all users and agencies, and to end up with improving the overall managerial efficiency. The idea using advanced web database along with geographical information system to help general public to dump their scrap vehicles smoothly and to make governmental agency control the disposal procedure easily could be one of the best solutions from the long-term environmental management perspective. This paper, representing contemporary progress of environmental management skill performed by the Foundation for Reduction, Reuse and Recovery, sponsored by the Environmental Protection Administration (EPA) in Taiwan, is designed to illustrate how to build up such a system, as named by the Scrap Vehicles Recycling Program Information System (SVRPIMS) in order to meet the requirement from both supply and demand sides of scrap vehicles disposal. Experience gained in this study indicates that the SVRPIMS successfully integrates the Coldfusion^® and Mapguide^® software engineering technologies on the World Wide Web (WWW) platform. After actual implementation in 1999, it proved that communication between users and agencies at various levels in the recycling program became much easier through instant information retrieval and analysis via such a system. Besides, SVRPIMS also provides two decision-support functionalities to assist in automatic search for the most appropriate dumping site for the users and to perform possible trading of spare parts for the recyclers through a logistic optimization analysis.     

Impact of mining and refining on the distribution and accumulation of nickel and other heavy metals in sediments of subarctic Lake Kuetsjärvi,Murmansk Region,Russia

Research on the influence of the activities of Pechenganickel Mining and Metallurgical Company on sediment heavy-metal geochemistry of the subarctic Lake Kuetsj?rvi (north-western Russia) are described. It is estimated that during 60 years of mining/refining activity, 310 t of Ni, 120 t of Cu, 14 t of Co, 19 t of Zn, 0.087 t of Cd, 0.78 t of Pb and 0.053 t of Hg have accumulated in the lake sediments. The latter can be a source of secondary pollution and represent a danger for the lake ecosystem. The sedimentation rate in the lake is estimated to be within the range of 1.5-3 mm year(-1). The average concentrations of Ni, Cu, Hg and Co in superficial sediments have increased 25, 14, 11 and 5 times, respectively in the last century.     

滇池流域城市型河流盘龙江总磷水环境容量测算研究

为了水体污染物容量总量控制,将盘龙江水环境容量划分为4个控制单元,采用两点示踪法确定盘龙江总磷(TP)综合降解系数,并采用一维水质模型对其进行了验证,在此基础上利用模型计算了盘龙江各控制单元的TP水环境容量.结果表明,盘龙江TP综合降解系数的区间值为0.016 d-1 ±0.002 d-1,盘龙江4个控制单元(Ⅰ段、Ⅱ...     

The behaviour of heavy metals from the Guadalquivir estuary after the Aznalcóllar mining spill: field and laboratory surveys

The spill at `Los Frailes caused a large input of metals intothe riverine, estuarine and coastal ecosystems. Metal behaviourin natural waters can be studied both by performing fieldmeasurements, and by undertaking laboratory simulationexperiments. Here is described the behaviour of the heavymetals Zn, Cd, Pb and Cu in the Guadalquivir estuary usingincubation experiments and the results compared to thoseobtained during field assessments. If the toxic waste water hadbeen discharged untreated into the environment, it could haveraised the heavy metal concentrations in the estuary water tohigh values, such as 20.65 M for Zn and 40 × 10^-3 M for Cd. These values are several times higher than thoseobtained in samples collected in the area during the monitoringof the early impact. The metals present a non-conservative behaviour, with a high loss to waters of low salinity values.     

An inventory-based carbon budget for forest and woodland ecosystems of Turkey

Environmental monitoring of national-level comparisons of CO(2) emissions is needed to quantify sources and sinks of carbon (C) in national ecosystems. In this study, a national forest inventory database was used to estimate the past and current pools and fluxes of C in deciduous and coniferous forest and woodland ecosystems (20.7 x 10(6) ha) of Turkey. Growing C stock was 12.63 t C ha(-1) in 1960 and 16.55 t C ha(-1) in 1995. Total C store in the whole live woody biomass was estimated at 22.77 t C ha(-1) in 1996. The total flux of C from the atmosphere into the forest and woodland ecosystems driven by primary productivity was about 1.46 t C ha(-1)(or 30.2 Mt C) in 1996. The estimated net release of C from the forest and woodland ecosystems of Turkey to the atmosphere was about 1.34 t C ha(-1)(or 21.5 Mt C) in 1996. When C released was taken into account, net ecosystem sequestration (NES) resulted in 0.12 t C ha(-1) per year. Such analytical tools as national forest C budgets are needed to improve our preventive and mitigative strategies for dealing with global climate change.