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1.
化学物质对室内空气的污染(续前)   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
随着国内人民生活水平的提高,百姓对居室内装修标准的要求越来越高。装修材料含有一定的有害化学物质,可使室内不同程度地受其污染,直接影响居民的身体健康,这已引起各发达国家和国内有关部门的重视。文章主要就室内化学物质的来源、种类、污染现状和对人体健康的影响作了简要概述,同时还介绍了室内空气中化学物质的简易测试方法。  相似文献   

2.
荷兰政府对有害化学物质的排出迁移非常重视,建立对污染物质调查系统(IEI)收集情报,不久将制定污染物质排出登录制度(PRTR)。目前控制的有害化学物质约有900种,不但要求对点源的60种化学物质公开其总量,并对农业、运输部门面源的排出也进行预测,作为...  相似文献   

3.
室内空气污染现状与特征研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
对几种典型室内空气质量进行监测,并就室内装修对空气质量的影响进行了研究,结果表明,室内空气质量状况不容乐观,PM10是不同类型室内空气的共同特征污染因子,PM10和细菌总数是公共场所的特征污染因子,室内装修是造成甲醛和苯系物等挥发性有机物污染的主要原因。  相似文献   

4.
日本土壤环境质量标准与污染现状   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
介绍了日本土壤污染的环境质量标准以及日本市区、农用地土壤和有毒有害化学物质的污染现状  相似文献   

5.
根据国内外发展,生物性污染将会成为我国主要室内微污染源。本文从室内空气生物性污染的类型、污染源以及防治技术等方面对室内环境生物性污染的研究进展进行了综述,并对未来的发展趋势进行了展望。  相似文献   

6.
关于室内装修污染与控制的探讨   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
文章对居室内装修带来的污染来源进行了分析和探讨,并提出了控制及防范措施。  相似文献   

7.
由于现代建筑的密闭性和化学品的广泛使用而引起的室内污染问题日益严重.应从建筑总体规划、城市微气候改善等方面人手,将建筑科学与环境科学和生态学有机结合起来,做出健康舒适的室内外环境设计.室内装修中应选用绿色环保型材料,减少劣质材料对人体的长期危害;在厨房的灶具位置设计中应考虑提高排油烟的效率;衣橱不应设计在卧室内避免衣物杀虫剂对人体的慢性毒害;合理使用家用电器,减少电磁辐射对人体的影响;使用中央空调引起的室内空气污染问题应引起足够的重视;受春季沙尘暴和冬季重污染的影响,应在新建住宅中安装向室内输送新鲜空气的净化装置;在建筑工程或室内装修完工后,应进行室内环境空气质量的验收.  相似文献   

8.
分析了我国居住建筑室内PM_(2.5)污染水平,总结了现阶段PM_(2.5)的研究方法,主要包括理论分析法、数值模拟法和实验测试法。指出室外源是室内PM_(2.5)的主要污染来源,而室内烟草烟雾、烹饪及人员活动也会严重影响室内PM_(2.5)浓度。针对目前研究中存在的问题,提出了标定典型建筑在不同影响因素下的I/O比范围、研究家具和家电的颗粒物释放状况、加强农村室内外空气颗粒物污染调查等建议。  相似文献   

9.
室内空气污染调查   总被引:29,自引:3,他引:26  
为了解室内空气污染状况,广州市环境监测中心站对刚装修不久的10套私人居室和5家单位办公室的室内空气进行了监测。结果表明,甲醛、苯、NH3、NOx浓度超标,最高超标倍数分别为:甲醛22.0倍,苯3.01倍,NH3 2.58倍,NOx0.30倍。指出,这些污染物主要来源于装修材料和建筑材料,会对人体健康造成危害。提出,为防止室内空气污染,应从源头抓起,装修时尽量选用低毒或无毒的材料,装修后的居室或办公室要保持通风,以降低室内污染物浓度,进驻前请有关权威部门进行监测评估。另外可在室内摆放绿色植物,以吸附一些有毒化合物。  相似文献   

10.
于非采暖季和采暖季分别采集某石化化工行业聚集城市中心城区室内外PM_(2.5)样品,采用高效液相色谱法分析PM_(2.5)上载带的16种PAHs,对其分布特征、来源以及室外PAHs污染对室内污染的贡献进行了初步探讨。结果表明,研究区域非采暖季和采暖季室外PM_(2.5)中ΣPAHs浓度日均值分别为36.3、294 ng/m~3,室内PM_(2.5)中ΣPAHs浓度分别为14.8、84.6 ng/m~3,均以4、5环PAHs为主;室内PAHs主要来自室外渗透污染,但同时明显存在室内排放源贡献;PAHs来源分析进一步证实研究区域PAHs主要来自煤炭、石油等不完全燃烧,采暖季煤炭燃烧源贡献更突出。  相似文献   

11.
兰州市空气污染对儿童及其父母呼吸系统健康的影响   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
叙述了居住环境对儿童和儿童父母亲呼吸系统健康影响的研究结果。揭示了儿童对空气污染所引起的呼吸系统疾病的急性反应较成人更敏感。吸烟合并空气污染更能损害人的健康  相似文献   

12.
研究了基于生产排放全过程、多相、多类污染物并举的污染源识别特征成分谱建立技术。首先建立污染源排放完整图谱,包括原辅料、中间物质、产品、各工艺废水污染物、水处理设施进口和出口污染物等。然后从排放完整图谱中解析出特征污染物。对于废水中的常规污染物和金属污染物,采用与受纳水体浓度相比较的方式得到污染源识别特征污染物,建议将浓度超过受纳水体1倍的污染物定为特征污染物。对于有机污染物,将质量分数之和大于90%的污染物集定为特征有机污染物,并按照有机物类别进行分类。最后开发建立动态的水污染源排放数据库。应用该技术建立了石化行业典型企业的排放特征成分谱,发现这些特征组分具有很好的代表性,为水污染源的识别提供了基础数据。  相似文献   

13.
指出了环境污染纠纷调处与环境行政处罚的性质,程序,结果等均不相同,在理论上不能将两者混一谈,实践中应区别对待。  相似文献   

14.
灰霾期间气溶胶的污染特征   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
从颗粒物的时空分布和浓度水平方面综述了灰霾期间气溶胶的污染特征,介绍了灰霾期间气溶胶中金属元素、水溶性离子、有机碳和元素碳的浓度特征,以及颗粒物与能见度的相关性研究进展。指出:灰霾天气多发生在冬季,且气溶胶中PM2.5占的比重大;气溶胶污染与地理环境、气候条件、经济发展水平等有密切关系;水溶性离子多集中在PM2.5中;能见度的下降与气溶胶特别是细颗粒物有很大关系。提出目前灰霾研究中主要存在3大问题:一是对灰霾期间气溶胶中含有的有机物类别及其对不同季节发生灰霾的贡献率仍需进一步研究;二是灰霾期间气溶胶中有机物的形成机理尚不明确;三是不同源排放的气溶胶对灰霾形成的贡献率有待探讨。建议系统地开展大气细颗粒物有害成分的鉴定、源排放颗粒物的物理化学特性、扩散过程中各种物质间的反应和转化等方面的研究,为大气污染防治法规的制定提供依据。  相似文献   

15.
2006年秋冬两季图们市大气气溶胶中多环芳烃分布规律   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
大气气溶胶是目前大多数城市的首要污染物,其中的多环芳烃是对人体健康危害最大的环境污染物之一。通过图们市2006年9月、12月4个采样点的大气气溶胶样品分析,研究了大气气溶胶中多环芳烃的分布规律。采用超声波萃取法提取样品中的多环芳烃,然后对其进行旋蒸浓缩,氮气吹至1ml,用高效液相色谱进行定性和定量分析。实验结果表明,美国EPA优先控制的16种多环芳烃普遍存在于图们市区的大气气溶胶中。图们市不同时空大气气溶胶中多环芳烃的分布具有一定的规律性。  相似文献   

16.
室内空气污染概述   总被引:6,自引:3,他引:6       下载免费PDF全文
由于燃料燃烧、烹饪、人类活动、不合格建材和装饰材料的使用,房屋的密闭性结构等诸多因素,使室内空气污染远高于室外,从而严重地危害人们的健康,甚至导致多种疾病的发生。文章较全面地概述了室内空气污染的来源和类型,对人体的危害情况、目前的分析测试方法和标准样样品状况。  相似文献   

17.
This Critical Review on environmental concerns of desalination plants suggests that planning and monitoring stages are critical aspects of successful management and operation of plants. The site for the desalination plants should be selected carefully and should be away from residential areas particularly for forward planning for possible future expansions. The concerning issues identified are noise pollution, visual pollution, reduction in recreational fishing and swimming areas, emission of materials into the atmosphere, the brine discharge and types of disposal methods used are the main cause of pollution. The reverse osmosis (RO) method is the preferred option in modern times especially when fossil fuels are becoming expensive. The RO has other positives such as better efficiency (30-50%) when compared with distillation type plants (10-30%). However, the RO membranes are susceptible to fouling and scaling and as such they need to be cleaned with chemicals regularly that may be toxic to receiving waters. The input and output water in desalination plants have to be pre and post treated, respectively. This involves treating for pH, coagulants, Cl, Cu, organics, CO(2), H(2)S and hypoxia. The by-product of the plant is mainly brine with concentration at times twice that of seawater. This discharge also includes traces of various chemicals used in cleaning including any anticorrosion products used in the plant and has to be treated to acceptable levels of each chemical before discharge but acceptable levels vary depending on receiving waters and state regulations. The discharge of the brine is usually done by a long pipe far into the sea or at the coastline. Either way the high density of the discharge reaches the bottom layers of receiving waters and may affect marine life particularly at the bottom layers or boundaries. The longer term effects of such discharge concentrate has not been documented but it is possible that small traces of toxic substances used in the cleaning of RO membranes may be harmful to marine life and ecosystem. The plants require saline water and thus the construction of input and discharge output piping is vital. The piping are often lengthy and underground as it is in Tugun (QLD, Australia), passing below the ground. Leakage of the concentrate via cracks in rocks to aquifers is a concern and therefore appropriate monitoring quality is needed. Leakage monitoring devices ought to be attached to such piping during installation. The initial environment impact assessment should identify key parameters for monitoring during discharge processes and should recommend ongoing monitoring with devices attached to structures installed during construction of plants.  相似文献   

18.
杭州市钱塘江干支流水质多元统计分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
运用多元统计方法分析了杭州市钱塘江干支流上26个断面的水质监测指标。利用系统聚类分析方法将断面所在河流分为3组,与钱塘江流域污染空间分布现状基本一致。对各组水质的主成分分析表明,第1组河流水质以有机污染为主,水体中氮、磷营养盐浓度较高,水体污染程度较轻,污染来源相对单一;第2组河流水体受有机物、重金属、石油类等多个污染指标的影响,水体水质较第1组差,污染来源相对复杂;第3组河流水体既有一般有机污染,也有重金属、有毒有害物质的污染,水体水质污染严重。  相似文献   

19.
Seasonal Variation of Toxic Benzene Emissions in Petroleum Refinery   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Petroleum refineries are largest chemical industries that are responsible for the emission of several pollutants into the atmosphere. Benzene is among the most important air pollutants that are emitted by petroleum refineries, since they are involved in almost every refinery process. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are a major group of air pollutants, which play a critical role in atmospheric chemistry. These contribute to toxic oxidants, which are harmful to ecosystem, human health and atmosphere. The variability of pollutants is an important factor in determining human exposure to these chemicals. The ambient air concentrations of benzene were measured in several sites around the Digboi petroleum refinery, near the city of Gowahati in northeast India, during winter and summer 2004. The seasonal and spatial variations of the ambient air concentrations of this benzene were investigated and analyzed. An estimation of the contribution of the refinery to the measured atmospheric levels of benzene was also performed. The ambient air mixing ratios of benzene in a large area outside the refinery was generally low, in ppbv range, much lower than the ambient air quality standards. This article presents the temporal and spatial variation of air pollution in and around petroleum refinery and showed that no health risk due to benzene is present in the areas adjacent to the refinery.  相似文献   

20.
The noise pollution is a major problem for the quality of life in urban areas. This study was conducted to compare the noise pollution levels at busy roads/road junctions, passengers loading parks, commercial, industrial and residential areas in Ilorin metropolis. A total number of 47-locations were selected within the metropolis. Statistical analysis shows significant difference (P < 0.05) in noise pollution levels between industrial areas and low density residential areas, industrial areas and high density areas, industrial areas and passengers loading parks, industrial areas and commercial areas, busy roads/road junctions and low density areas, passengers loading parks and commercial areas and commercial areas and low density areas. There is no significant difference (P > 0.05) in noise pollution levels between industrial areas and busy roads/road junctions, busy roads/road junctions and high density areas, busy roads/road junctions and passengers loading parks, busy roads/road junctions and commercial areas, passengers loading parks and high density areas, passengers loading parks and commercial areas and commercial areas and high density areas. The results show that Industrial areas have the highest noise pollution levels (110.2 dB(A)) followed by busy roads/Road junctions (91.5 dB(A)), Passengers loading parks (87.8 dB(A)) and Commercial areas (84.4 dB(A)). The noise pollution levels in Ilorin metropolis exceeded the recommended level by WHO at 34 of 47 measuring points. It can be concluded that the city is environmentally noise polluted and road traffic and industrial machineries are the major sources of it. Noting the noise emission standards, technical control measures, planning and promoting the citizens awareness about the high noise risk may help to relieve the noise problem in the metropolis.  相似文献   

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