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本文测试了硫氰酸钠、二甲基甲酰胺、乙腈和丙烯腈等四种石油化工废水中常见污染物对15种水生生物的急性毒性,以考察不同时刻LC50之间的相关性。试验结果表明,24、48和72小时的LC50(或EC50)与96小时的LC50(或EC50)之间存在十分密切的相关关系,在特定情况下可以用24、48或72小时的急性毒性试验结果代替96小时毒性试验结果,比较污染物的毒性大小,进行污染物结构活性分析,完成短期生物监测。 相似文献
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应用全差示光度法测定水和废水中的微量氰化物 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在pH80时,CN-与3甲基1苯基5吡唑啉酮、吡啶及氯胺T反应形成稳定的蓝色产物,最大吸收波长为617nm,表观摩尔吸收系数为12×105L/mol·cm。实验了采用全差示光度法测定微量氰化物的条件。通过蒸馏富集,建立了改进的吡唑啉酮法测定氰化物的分析方法,并对实际样品进行了测定。本方法的检出限为0001mgCN-/L,检测范围为0001~025mgCN-/L,可应用于水和废水中微量氰化物的测定。 相似文献
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以气相色谱石英毛细管柱分离、FID检测,测定废水和废气中N′,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)。在10mg/L~18810mg/L范围内有良好的线性关系。检测限:废水为05mg/L;废气为08mg/m3。样品测定的相对标准差为4%~8%,回收率在76%~112%之间,精密度和准确度均较好 相似文献
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介绍了实验室乙醛对鲢鱼幼鱼的急性毒性。试验结果表明,乙醛对鲢鱼幼鱼的急性毒性48hLC50为14618mg/L,其安全浓度为1462mg/L。 相似文献
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原子吸收光谱法测定空气污染源中镉和镍 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
试验了用王水消解、火焰原子吸收光度法测定空气污染固定源中镉、镍;石墨炉原子吸收光度法测定散源中镉、镍。检测限分别为90×10-4mg/Nm3,0018mg/Nm3(采样体积1000L);95×10-7mg/Nm3,15×10-4mg/Nm3(采样体积10m3)。 相似文献
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气相色谱法测定废水中的丙烯腈 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
用405有机担体填充体,氢火焰检测器直接进样的气相色谱法测定废水中丙烯腈,检测限0.1mg/L,加标回收率93.8% ̄107.8%,变异系数1.3% ̄3.7%。同时可检测乙腈、丙酮等组分。样品经酸化于4℃冷藏可保存9d。 相似文献
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Study on Fish and Amphibian Embryo-Larval Toxicity Test 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Zhang Tong 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》1999,55(3):363-369
In China, it is necessary to establish short-term biomonitoring methods for evaluating the chronic toxicity of industrial wastewater. In this paper, the aquatic toxicity of four important pollutants in petrochemical wastewater, including acrylonitrile, acetonitrile, sulphocyanic sodium and dimethyl formamide, was studied with fish and amphibian embryo-larval toxicity tests using Cyprinus carpio and Rana nigromaculata as test organisms. The objective is to present some useful data for establishing short-term chronic toxicity test methods used to perform biomonitoring in China. The results indicate that the chronic toxicity of acrylonitrile to fish and amphibians was the highest of the four test pollutants, followed by NaSCN, acetonitrile and DMF. The sensitivity of the carp embryo- larval test to chemicals was greater than that of the R. nigromaculata embryo-larval test. 相似文献
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In this study, a total of 120 fish specimens of common carp (Cyprinus carpio), were caught at four different stations in Shatt Al-Arab (Hareer, Garmat Ali, Al-Maqal and Abual-Khasib). The histological changes in the gills of fish were detected microscopically. Results show that the Shatt Al-Arab is polluted by some different sources of pollutants including power stations, paper industry, oil refineries, petrochemical industry, chemical fertilizer companies and the sewage system and overfishing and the application of pesticides. As a result of these analyses, histopathological changes in the gills of fish specimens, such as hyperplasia, loss of regular shape of secondary lamellae, separation of lamellar epithelium, clavate structure, atrophy of secondary gills lamellae, necrosis, dilation of lamellar capillaries, loss of secondary lamellae, fusion of secondary lamellae, edema, proliferation of cartilage in primary lamellae and curving of primary lamellae, were observed. The histopathological changes in fish gill samples from the Hareer region were much more prevalent than samples caught from other stations. 相似文献
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Janković S Curčić M Radičević T Stefanović S Lenhardt M Durgo K Antonijević B 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2011,181(1-4):153-163
This work has been developed to examine the level of non-dioxin-like (ndl) PCBs (28, 52, 101, 138, 153 and 180) in (a) ten different freshwater fish species from the Danube river, (b) two sampling points: up and downstream of the industrial zone of the city of Pancevo (ecological hot spot in Serbia) and (c) two time points i.e., in 2001 and 2006. Obtained results would serve to analyse spatial, temporal and congener profile characteristics of ndl PCBs cumulated in fish tissues due to environmental pollution. Sixty-four samples of the following species were collected: wels (Silirus glanus), pike (Esox lucius), bream (Abramis brama), crucian carp (Carassius carassius), pike pearch (Stizostedion lucioperca), barbel (Barbus barbus), tench (Tinca tinca), sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus L.), common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis). Gas chromatography coupled with electron capture detector was used for analysis of ndl PCBs. Total ndl PCBs content in upstream samples ranged from 2.7 to 98.1 ng/g and from 4.9 to 68.3 ng/g in 2001 and 2006, respectively. During the 5 years, ndl PCBs content increased significantly in downstream samples i.e., ndl PCBs varied from 13.7 to 46.1 ng/g and from 14.4 to 107.2 ng/g in 2001 and 2006, respectively. PCBs 138 and 180 were predominant congeners in 2001, while in 2006 the most abundant PCB congeners were 138 and 153. In 2006, the presence of PCB 28 and PCB 52 has indicated a recent contamination event. Data on continual monitoring of PCBs in all relevant environmental compartments together with appropriate biomonitoring data are expected to give comprehensive insight into the fate and behaviour profile of these contaminants. 相似文献
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This paper reports an investigation of the sublethal toxicity of cypermethrin (20 µg/l) on the levels of respiration and selected ions in tissues of carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). A significant decrease in O
2 consumption and ions was observed in gill, brain, liver and muscle tissues of cypermethrinexposed fish. The decreased rate of O
2 consumption may be due to inhibition of oxidative enzymes during cypermethrin stress. 相似文献
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Al-Jeelani HA 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2009,157(1-4):211-222
Populations of invasive fishes quickly reach extremely high biomass. Before control methods can be applied, however, an understanding of the contaminant loads of these invaders carry is needed. We investigated differences in concentrations of selected elements in two invasive carp species as a function of sampling site, fish species, length and trophic differences using stable isotopes (delta (15)N, delta (13)C). Fish were collected from three different sites, the Illinois River near Havana, Illinois, and two sites in the Mississippi River, upstream and downstream of the Illinois River confluence. Five bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) and five silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) from each site were collected for muscle tissue analyses. Freshwater mussels (Amblema plicata) previously collected in the same areas were used as an isotopic baseline to standardize fish results among sites. Total fish length, trophic position, and corrected (13)C, were significantly related to concentrations of metals in muscle. Fish length explained the most variation in metal concentrations, with most of that variation related to mercury levels. This result was not unexpected because larger fish are older, giving them a higher probability of exposure and accumulation of contaminants. There was a significant difference in stable isotope profiles between the two species. Bighead carp occupied a higher trophic position and had higher levels of corrected (13)C than silver carp. Additionally bighead carp had significantly lower concentrations of arsenic and selenium than silver carp. Stable isotope ratios of nitrogen in Asian carp were at levels that are more commonly associated with higher-level predators, or from organisms in areas containing high loads of wastewater effluent. 相似文献
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以辽宁省营口市水稻种植区为研究区域,通过对监测地块实地调研、资料收集、监测分析,在稻田整个作物生长周期化肥、农药的施加等情况下开展氮、磷污染物对地表径流污染状况的调查研究。结果表明:化肥、农药的施加均会使受纳水体中总磷、总氮质量浓度升高,施肥后总氮质量浓度上升最显著,绿色种植在扣除总氮背景值后达到37.7 mg/L,有机种植在扣除总氮背景值后达到19.1 mg/L;同时,稻田内养鱼、养虾也会使水质中总磷、总氮质量浓度有所升高,表现为总氮质量浓度升高明显,鱼塘总氮质量浓度由注水期的1.64 mg/L上升为清塘期的5.16 mg/L,虾塘总氮质量浓度由注水期的2.44 mg/L上升为清塘期的3.15 mg/L,鱼塘较虾塘更为显著;地块单元及区块排水会使受纳水体总磷、总氮质量浓度升高,表现为施肥、施药后及鱼虾塘清塘期排水影响较大,其他时间段影响不大;从整个研究区块进、排水污染物总含量来看,总磷排出比例为34.7%,总氮排出比例为46.4%,污染物总量排出比例为46.0%,总排水中总磷、总氮含量对整个外界环境存在一定的影响。 相似文献
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The present study is an attempt to evaluate the heavy metal contamination in the marine environment of the Caspian Sea of Iran. The concentrations of zinc, chromium, cadmium, and lead were measured in water and dorsal muscle of fish sampled from 10 selected stations along Gorgan coast using atomic absorption spectrophotometry during summer of 2011. The average concentrations of lead in water and fish samples (115.29?±?14.78 and 113.23?±?27.01 μg/L) were significantly higher than that of cadmium and chromium (P?<?0.05). The highest heavy metals content was observed in Cyprinus carpio samples. The heavy metals concentrations in the samples were within the acceptable recommended standards. But, elevating levels of heavy metals in water and fish made a serious concern about ecosystem and food chain contamination. It is recommended that protective authorities should carry out a continual assessment on the levels of pollutants in the sea. 相似文献
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Levels of synthetic musk compounds in municipal wastewater for potential estimation of biota exposure in receiving waters 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We analyzed water samples from the confluence of three municipal sewage treatment effluent streams, surface water, and whole carp (Cyprinus carpio) for synthetic musks for a period of 7-12 months. The lipid content of each fish was determined and compared with the concentration of musks in the whole fish tissue. Enhanced methods were used for water sampling and musk extraction. The data presented here provide insight as to the relationship between concentrations of synthetic musks in the municipal effluent and associated biota. This study confirmed the presence of polycyclic and nitro musk compounds in sewage effluent, Lake Mead water, and carp. The concentrations were found to be considerably lower than previous studies conducted in other countries. This study also provides data for polycyclic and nitro musk compounds, as well as some of the nitro musk metabolites in sewage treatment plant effluent, lake water, and carp. 相似文献
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Brázová T Hanzelová V Miklisová D Salgovičová D Turčeková L 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(11):6553-6561
The distribution and concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were determined in fish species (European perch Perca fluviatilis, northern pike Esox lucius, pike perch Sander lucioperca, wels catfish Silirus glanus, common carp Cyprinus carpio, European eel Anguilla anguilla, freshwater bream Abramis brama, goldfish Carassius auratus, and roach Rutilus rutilus) in a heavily polluted water reservoir Zemplínska ?írava (Slovakia). The study performed at two different time points 5?years apart (2004 and 2009) revealed serious PCB contamination of fish muscle tissue and significant interspecies as well as tissue-specific differences in PCB uptake by fish. Total PCBs broadly correlated with the trophic position of individual fish species within a food chain (P?0.01). The concentrations were particularly high in predatory fish species, perch, pike, and pike perch (108.0, 90.1, and 113.0?mg?kg(-1) lipid wt, respectively), but comparable PCB values were also found in non-predatory detrivorous freshwater bream (128.0?mg?kg(-1) lipid wt). The lowest PCB values were surprisingly assessed in European eel (17.1?mg?kg(-1) lipid wt). Tissue analysis showed the highest storage capacity of the liver (hepatopancreas in cyprinids) with maximum concentrations recorded found in northern pike (214.0?mg?kg(-1) lipid wt) and freshwater bream (163.0?mg?kg(-1) lipid wt). Negative correlations, mostly not significant, between the total PCB concentrations and fish weight were observed (P?>?0.05). The study has shown that the kind of fish, its feeding habit, and specific conditions of the habitat are mutually interrelated factors that are responsible for significant variations in fish body burdens. A tendency to PCB biomagnification was also proved in some fish species of this water reservoir. 相似文献