氮、磷等环境因子对太湖微囊藻与水华鱼腥藻生长的影响

为探索太湖主要水华藻类（微囊藻与水华鱼腥藻）在多种环境因子作用下的生长变化机理，在实验室内对部分水华藻类（微囊藻、鱼腥藻）进行分离培养，研究氮、磷、温度等环境因子对水华藻类生长增殖的影响。研究表明，高水温（30℃）是微囊藻的最适生长温度；随着氮、磷浓度的提高，微囊藻的生长速率加快；低磷是鱼腥藻生长的限制因子。同时，通过野外测定的各项指标发现，当藻类密度较低时，其与总氮、总磷呈正相关。     

海州湾圆筛藻与环境因子的关系研究

通过对2004年海州湾圆筛藻等藻类与环境因子间的相关分析,得出磷酸盐、亚硝酸盐、硝酸盐、水温与藻类细胞数量间为单调相关,并且磷酸盐为藻类生长的主要限制因子;pH值、气压、化学需氧量、盐度、氨盐和藻类细胞数量间为线性相关,氨盐为藻类吸收无机氮的主要形式.另外,以环境因子为自变量,藻类细胞数量为因变量,建立了回归模型,该模型可为监测该藻类细胞数量变化和赤潮提供参考.     

洪泽湖藻类与环境因子逐步回归统计和蓝藻水华初步预测

以洪泽湖2008—2010年的连续监测资料为基础,运用多元逐步回归统计方法,选择水温等12项环境因子与藻类叶绿素a等5项生物因子进行逐步回归分析,找出与生物因子显著相关的因子,建立多元逐步回归方程,预测洪泽湖藻类密度的变化情况,初步进行了洪泽湖蓝藻水华的预测预报。结果显示,总磷、总氮、氨氮和水深为洪泽湖藻类密度的显著相关因子,透明度、水温、水深为蓝藻密度的显著相关因子。     

三峡库区大宁河2010年春季水华特征

以大宁河春季水华期间调查数据为基础,运用数理统计分析手段,通过描述大宁河春季水华期藻类及主要理化因子分布特征,揭示出影响藻类生长的主要因子。结果表明:大宁河春季水华期水华河段水体氮、磷含量较高,总氮浓度为1.2～4.11mg/L,平均值为1.748mg/L,总磷浓度为0.027～0.615mg/L,氮磷比均值为17.5。春季水华藻类适宜的光照强度为1400～3800lx,水温为13.0～14.0℃时叶绿素a含量有最大增长,平均水温为13.4℃,藻密度与总氮、总磷、水温、DO、pH、浊度、高锰酸盐指数呈显著正相关关系,与透明度呈负相关关系。回水河段流速小于0.05m/s,流速是藻类生长最主要的限制因子。大宁河回水河段春季水华藻类分布较广,主要有甲藻门、绿藻门、硅藻门、隐藻门、蓝藻门、裸藻门和黄藻门7门28属,其中甲藻门分布最广,其次是绿藻门。春季水华优势种主要有甲藻门的拟多甲藻,绿藻门的衣藻、小球藻,硅藻门的直链藻,蓝藻门的色球藻等。     

鄱阳湖平原区农村门塘浮游藻类群落特征及其生物学评价

于2018年—2019年在鄱阳湖区周边选取4个县（区）10个村庄的典型门塘开展浮游藻类采样调查。研究共鉴定出藻类6门83种，以蓝藻门、绿藻门和硅藻门为主；浮游藻类细胞密度全年范围为7.30×104个/L～2.78×1011个/L，年均值为1.4×1010个/L，其中夏季细胞密度最大，冬季细胞密度最小；优势种主要有小环藻、微囊藻、铜绿微囊藻、卵形隐藻等，且具有较为明显的季节演替，全年优势种为小环藻；藻类多样性指数（H′）年均值为1.49，丰富度指数（M）年均值为1.92，全年水体生物学评价结果为中度污染。     

舟山近岸海域赤潮优势种中肋骨条藻的生长模型

中肋骨条藻是舟山近岸海域的赤潮优势种,常有大小不等的中肋骨条藻赤潮发生.本文采用多元线性回归模拟春秋两季非赤潮期中肋骨条藻的生长趋势,以探讨影响此种藻类生长的重要因子.结果表明,春季影响中肋骨条藻生长的重要因子包括盐度、无机氮、悬浮物、水温和pH;秋季影响中肋骨条藻生长的重要因子包括溶解氧、活性磷酸盐、悬浮物、硅酸盐、COD和盐度.并与前人的研究结果相比较,从而发现赤潮期和非赤潮期共同的或不同的影响骨条藻生长的因素.     

生物监测中叶绿素a浓度与藻类密度的关联性研究

通过测定叶绿素a浓度、藻类密度和藻类分类计数等,获取"水华"水体生物监测数据。统计分析结果表明,叶绿素a浓度和藻类密度在蓝藻"水华"(微囊藻为优势种)暴发期间存在显著相关,并拟合出了回归直线。且叶绿素a浓度和藻类密度的自然对数比值也与藻类发生和兴衰存在着规律性联系。     

抚仙湖浮游植物群落结构、影响因子及水质评价

为研究抚仙湖浮游植物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系。基于2017年4月(春季)、7月(夏季)、11月(秋季)和2018年2月(冬季)抚仙湖浮游植物和部分水质理化指标的监测数据,分析了浮游植物群落结构特征,通过冗余分析(RDA)研究了影响浮游植物群落结构的主要环境因子,同时运用藻类生物学法和综合营养状态指数法TLI(∑)对抚仙湖水质进行综合评价。结果表明,共鉴定出浮游植物7门54属,绿藻在种类组成上占绝对优势。不同季节浮游植物细胞密度存在明显变化,春季细胞密度最高(401.74×10~4 cells/L),其次为夏季(247.31×10~4 cells/L)和秋季(143.41×10~4 cells/L),冬季最低(88.98×10~4 cells/L)。浮游植物优势属在不同季节有所不同,各季节绝对优势属为伪鱼腥藻属(春季)、转板藻属(夏秋季)、小环藻属和蓝隐藻属(冬季)。Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H′)和Pielou均匀度指数(J)变化趋势一致,夏季值最高,分别为2.76和0.64,冬季值最低,分别为2.13和0.50。Berger-Parker优势度指数(D)变化与H′和J相反,冬季最高(0.945),夏季最低(0.922)。RDA表明,水温、溶解氧和高锰酸盐指数是影响抚仙湖浮游植物群落结构的主要环境因子。综合评价认为,抚仙湖水质处于贫中营养状态。     

水中藻类对连续流动法测定总氮结果的影响

以天津市河道、水库为研究对象,在藻类增殖期采用连续流动法与碱性过硫酸钾消解法对水体中总氮进行比对监测,同时分析水中藻类分类和藻细胞密度。试验表明:虽然两种方法测定总氮的结果精密度基本相同,但二者之间的系统误差存在显著差异,连续流动法较碱性过硫酸钾消解法的测定结果低5.4%。两种方法测定总氮结果的相对偏差与水体中藻细胞密度呈正相关性,当水体中藻细胞密度﹥2.41×108L-1时,对连续流动法测定总氮的结果产生显著影响,相对偏差超过标准规范要求。     

夏季太湖蓝藻水华暴发与臭氧污染的关联性

夏季受东南季风、湖流等因素影响,太湖蓝藻向西北部水域集聚,该区域平均藻密度可高达1×109个/L以上,其中蓝藻集中堆积的近湖岸区域藻类密度更高,蓝藻在不同生命阶段释放的藻源性VOCs的成分谱和产生量有较大差异,其中烯烃和有机胺反应活性较强。蓝藻水华高发期太湖西岸非甲烷总烃的浓度约为常州市区的3.3倍,日变化趋势符合蓝藻代谢规律。太湖西部蓝藻水华、湖西区的非甲烷总烃浓度和臭氧污染程度时空变化规律表明:太湖西部(宜兴)是整个流域臭氧污染最严重的区域,其臭氧污染的形成与太湖蓝藻水华暴发有关联性。     

浙江近岸海域春季表层溶解氧饱和度分布及影响因素

根据2014年春季对浙江省近岸海域溶解氧的调查结果,结合现场的温度和盐度,得出溶解氧饱和度的平面分布,并在此基础上探讨了饱和度与温度、盐度、化学需氧量、浮游植物丰度之间的关系。结果显示,浙江省近岸海域溶解氧饱和度范围为92.1%~120%,均值为100%。总体呈西部沿岸低,东部外海高的平面分布趋势。溶解氧饱和度高值区与浮游植物丰度的高值区一致。低饱和区域化学需氧量含量基本高于1 mg/L。陆源径流和有机物质耗氧分解是沿岸低饱和区域主要控制因素,外海水和浮游植物光合作用是高饱和区域主要控制因素。径流和外海水对有机物质分解和浮游植物光合作用有一定的调控作用。     

海河下游水体中DO与NH_3-N、COD_(Mn)相关关系探讨

本文应用近年来海河下游监测数据对ＤＯ与ＮＨ３Ｎ和ＣＯＤＭｎ进行一元线性回归，得到两回归方程：ＮＨ３Ｎ＝－１２８ＤＯ＋１０５４；ＣＯＤＭｎ＝－１１３ＤＯ＋１６９２。并经相关系数和回归系数显著性检验，表明在９９９％的置信水平下ＤＯ与ＮＨ３Ｎ和ＣＯＤＭｎ线性相关均极其显著     

太阳山湿地浮游植物优势功能群季节演替特征及驱动因子分析

为探明太阳山湿地浮游植物优势功能群季节演替规律及其主要驱动因子,于2019年4月(春季)、7月(夏季)、10月(秋季)和2020年1月(冬季)采样分析了太阳山湿地浮游植物的种类组成、优势种、丰度、生物量及季节变化,同时测定了水环境理化因子指标,采用冗余分析方法研究了浮游植物优势功能群的优势度、丰度与水环境因子之间的关系。结果表明:太阳山湿地浮游植物可分为22个功能类群;优势功能群的季节演替和空间分异特征明显,存在一定的规律性。春、秋、冬3个季节的浮游植物以硅藻门为主,夏季以绿藻门和蓝藻门为主。春季优势功能群主要为D、C、P,以硅藻门种类为主;夏季优势功能群主要为J、Lo、TC、M、H1,以硅藻门、绿藻门、蓝藻门种类为主;秋季优势功能群主要为D、S1、MP,以硅藻门、绿藻门种类为主;冬季优势功能群主要为D、X3,以硅藻门种类为主。影响太阳山湿地浮游植物优势功能群季节演替的水环境因子有水温(WT)、pH、溶解氧(DO)、透明度(SD)、盐度(Sal)、氮磷营养元素含量、化学需氧量(COD_Cr)和高锰酸盐指数(COD_Mn)。4个湖区浮游植物优势功能群的时空差异与水环境因子密切相关,其中,西湖区浮游植物优势功能群的季节演替驱动因子为pH、DO、WT、总磷(TP),东湖区为pH、DO、WT、氮磷营养元素含量,南湖区为pH、DO、COD_Cr、五日生化需氧量(BOD₅),小南湖区为pH、DO、WT、BOD₅、COD_Cr、TP。pH、DO、WT、BOD₅、SD等水环境因子的季节差异以及TP、TN、氨氮(NH₃-N)、COD_Mn等水环境因子的湖区差异是太阳山湿地浮游植物优势功能群出现季节演替的主要原因。     

Evaluation of pollution load of Lahore Canal by quantification of various pollutants through physicochemical characterisation

The work describes the physicochemical analysis of the water samples collected from Lahore Canal to evaluate pollution load at different points of the canal. Different physical and chemical pollutants such as temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved and suspended solids, turbidity, chlorides, sulphates, nitrates, oils and grease, dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand and biological oxygen demand (BOD) were analysed. The data was analysed through analysis of variance, which showed that the p values for dissolved oxygen (DO), chemical oxygen demand (COD), BOD, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solid (TDS), total suspended solid (TSS), turbidity, oil and grease, sulphates, and nitrates are <0.05, while p value of temperature, pH, and chlorides are 1.000, 0.984, and 0.070, respectively, which are >0.05. Further regression analysis revealed that the simple line regression modal is fit for turbidity and TSS, electrical conductivity and TDS, COD and DO, BOD and DO, and BOD and COD. The studies reveal that Lahore Canal is receiving a considerable amount of physical and chemical pollutants at different points.     

Dynamics of industrial waste stabilization pond treatment process

Waste stabilization pond is an artificial ecosystem; its performance is governed by the nature of the biological communities it supports. These are primarily used as secondary effluent treatment plants to polish the effluents. However, they are also used to treat the raw sewage and industrial effluents. In the present study, the functioning of a waste stabilization pond system from an industrial complex located in Goa was taken up. The raw waste released by the industrial complex and the final effluent released from the stabilization ponds were analyzed for pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand, phosphate content, chlorophyll content, and algal diversity and density. Also, the activities of the enzymes catalase and phosphatase were measured. The study was carried out for a period of 1 year and the data covering pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon seasons are tabulated. The study revealed that DO, chlorophyll content, and algal count were maximum during pre-monsoon when compared to monsoon and post-monsoon. Similarly, maximum enzymatic activity was recorded during pre-monsoon and also maximum removal of biological oxygen demand and phosphate was recorded during this period than in monsoon and post-monsoon.     

长春南湖底泥疏浚前后水因子分析及动态变化

监测了长春南湖底泥疏浚后的DO、NH4＿N、NO2＿N、NO3＿N、BOD5、CODCr、TN、TP、SS、pH、SD和水温等12项水化学指标。用因子分析方法找出了底泥疏浚前后影响南湖水质的主要因子,分析了底泥疏浚前后南湖水质变化的特征和底泥疏浚对南湖水质的影响,分析结果表明,南湖疏浚前主要污染物是总磷,疏浚后总磷对水质的影响降低,悬浮物作用增大。     

刘家峡水库藻类群落特征与水质的关系

2009年—2010年，研究了刘家峡水库的藻类群落特征。共鉴定出8门11纲 16目33科55 属114种藻。丰水期优势类群是金藻门（占27%），次优势类群是硅藻门（21.5%）；枯水期优势类群是硅藻门，占总数34%（羽纹纲占33%），次优势类群是金藻门（18%）。对刘家峡水库水质初步评价结果显示：水库上游水质较清洁（1#—2#站点），中下游为轻度—偏中度污染（3#—4#站点），下游为中度—偏重度污染（5#—6#站点）。对藻类群落特征与6项水环境因子的Pearsong相关性分析表明，枯水期影响藻类群落特征的环境因子依次是DO﹥TN﹥pH值﹥T﹥Mcb(粪大肠杆菌)；丰水期则是DO﹥Mcb﹥pH值﹥TN。     

Assessment of seasonal effects of municipal sewage pollution on the water quality of an urban canal—a case study of the Buckingham canal at Kalpakkam (India): NO3, PO4, SO4, BOD, COD and DO

The seasonal effects of untreated and treated municipal sewage on the nutrients-nitrate (NO(3)), phosphate (PO(4)), sulphate (SO(4)), and the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and dissolved oxygen (DO) of the receiving urban canal, the Buckingham canal at Kalpakkam (Tamil Nadu, India) was monitored monthly during pre- monsoon-2005 to post-monsoon-2006. The NO(3), PO(4) and SO(4) contents were higher in the downstream than that of the upstream of the outfall points of treated as well as untreated sewage, of the canal. The NO(3) and PO(4) contents were higher during summer than that of monsoon; however the SO(4) was higher during winter and lower during summer in the canal water. The BOD and COD were lower and DO was higher at the upstream than that of downstream of the canal. The concentrations of BOD and COD were higher during summer season, which decreased during monsoon season, while the DO decreased during the summer season and increased in monsoon season in the canal water. Cluster analysis applied to the six sampling points of the canal, has grouped them based on the water quality similarities.     

Spatial and temporal variations of nitrogen pollution in Wen-Rui Tang River watershed, Zhejiang, China

Water quality has degraded dramatically in Wen-Rui Tang River watershed, Zhejiang, China, especially due to rapid economic development since 1995. This paper aims to assess spatial and temporal variations of the main pollutants (NH??-N, TN, BOD(5), COD(Mn), DO) of water quality in Wen-Rui Tang River watershed, using the geographic information system, cluster analysis (CA) and principal component analysis (PCA). Results showed that concentrations of BOD(5), COD(Mn), NH??-N, and TN were significantly higher in tertiary rivers than in primary and secondary rivers. From April 2006 to March 2007, the concentrations of NH? ?-N (2.25-57.9 mg/L) and TN (3.78-70.4 mg/L) in all samples exceeded Type V national water quality standards (≥2 mg/L), while 5.3% of all COD(Mn) (1.83-27.5 mg/L) and 33.6% of all BOD(5) (0.34-50.4 mg/L) samples exceeded Type V national water quality standards (COD(Mn)?≥ 15 mg/L, BOD(5)?≥ 10 mg/L). Monthly changes of pollutant concentrations did not show a clear pattern, but correlation analysis indicated that NH??-N and TN in tertiary rivers had a significant negative correlation with 5-day cumulative rainfall and monthly rainfall, while there were no significant correlations in primary and secondary rivers. The results of CA and spatial analysis showed that the northern part of Wen-Rui Tang River watershed was the most seriously polluted. This region is characterized by the high population density and industrial and commercial activities. The PCA and spatial analysis indicated that the degraded water quality is caused by anthropogenic activities and poor wastewater management.