锌—镉多相还原法测定硝酸盐氮

水中硝酸盐氮的测定,常用比色法和物理化学法.比色法中,酚二磺酸法精密准确,但试剂制备和实验操作麻烦,且受氯离子(>10mg/L)和亚硝酸盐氮(>0.2mg/L)的严重干扰,对这两种离子含量较高的水样去除干扰步骤繁;物理化学法中的紫外分光光度法,简单快速,但灵敏度低;离子选择电极法受氯离子和碳酸氢根(HCO_3~-/NO_3~->5)干扰;锌—镉还原柱法,灵敏度高,但还原速度慢,且因流速不同使得试样和还原剂接触     

分光光度法测定水中NO^—3和NO^—2述评

硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐是水质监测中的两项重要指标,其分析方法主要有分光光度法、离子色谱法和离子选择电极法等,其中分光光度法最为常用,被推荐为主要的标准分析方法.人们对分光光度法测定硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐进行了大量的研究工作,其中包括方法、试剂的选择,干扰物的去除,样品的预富集以及自动化分析和两项指标的同时测定等等,提出了许多具有实用价值的方法.本文根据近年来有关资料,对分光光度法测定水中硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐的方法作一简单的归纳和评述.1 可见分光光度法1.1 亚硝酸盐的测定测定水中亚硝酸盐的显色剂种类比较多,在常用方法中,测定原理采用重氮—偶联反应     

地面水和含铜废水中硝酸盐氮的麝香草酚光度法

地面水和含铜废水中硝酸盐氮的麝香草酚光度法吴启文（湖南省资兴市环境监测站４２３４００）１前言水和废水中硝酸盐氮的测定方法较多［１－３］，作为标准分析方法有酚二磺酸光度法，镉柱还原法、此外，还有戴氏合金还原法，紫外分光光度法，离子电极法，变色酸法，离子...     

用双标准比较法测定氟化物的探讨

水中氟化物的测定,目前主要采用文献［１］中离子选择电极法。现行离子选择电极法中校准曲线法,则需根据电极斜率的大小来计算样品溶液的浓度。本文推荐离子选择电极法中另一种方法,即双标准比较计算法,它不需求得电极斜率,便能直接获得准确的分析结果。１实验部分１...     

离子选择电极法测定水中40K的影响因素

对离子选择电极法测定水中     

离子色谱法测定饮用水中的氟化物、氯化物、硝酸盐氮和硫酸根

采用离子色谱法测定饮用水中的氟化物、氯化物、硝酸盐氮和硫酸根其有别于常规的化学分析法，可以不用配制显色剂等溶液，快速高效且灵敏度高．     

用单标准比较法测定氟化物的探讨

水中氟化物的测定，目前主要采用《水和废水监测分析方法》中的离子选择电极法。现在推荐离子选择电镀法中的另一种方法，即单标准比较计算法。此法不需要求得电极，使能直接获得准确的分析结果，操作简捷、省时、省和、专属性高，在环境应急监测中具有现实意义。     

火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定水中微量钙

水中微量钙虽有许多测定方法(如原子吸收法、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱分析法、离子电泳法、离子电极法和离子色谱法等直接定量法),但这些方法都易受共存离子的影响.此外,当采用这些方法测定微量钙时,需浓缩或溶剂萃取等,操作烦琐.现已研究出采用火焰原子吸收分光光度计(F-AAS)测定水中微量钙的方法.     

戴氏合金还原法同时测定废水中硝酸盐氮和亚硝酸盐氮

应用戴氏合金还原法测定废水中硝酸盐氮和亚硝酸盐氮。结果表明 ,对标准样品所测硝酸盐氮和亚硝酸盐氮的相对标准差分别为 2 8%和 2 0 %。废水样的加标回收率 ,硝酸盐氮和亚硝酸盐氮分别为 90 %～ 95 %和 96 %～ 10 0 %。     

离子选择电极法测定水中40K的影响因素

对离子选择电极法测定水中^40K的影响因素进行了探讨,确定了用此方法测定水溶液中^40K的最佳实验条件,在此实验条件下,所得结果最接近标准值。     

装潢居室空气中甲醛采样方法改进

对空气中甲醛测定的采样方法进行了探讨 ,分别用水和稀硫酸作吸收液对空气甲醛进行采样研究。结果表明 ,用 0 .0 0 5mol LH2 SO4 作吸收液的采样方法 ,可有效、稳定地延长样品的保存时间 ,且又符合方法灵敏度和精密度的要求。     

从履约压力看环境监测发展方向

分析了在当前履约压力下环境监测的薄弱与不足之处,提出了拓展环境空气监测内容,将生态调查和多样性监测纳入常规体系,推进有机监测技术发展,加大多边合作与联合监测的发展思路.     

泰东河疏浚工程对通榆河水质的影响

为了解泰东河疏浚工程对通榆河水质的影响,于2012年6月8日、9月12日、12月6日,对泰东河沿线以及通榆河东台段进行调查取样,分析施工期间河体水质变化。结果表明,施工期间水质参数基本保持在Ⅱ~Ⅲ类。根据江苏省水环境监测中心盐城分中心2011年、2013年监测资料评价分析,泰东河河道疏浚后,清理了河床淤泥,提高了泰东河的行洪、抗洪以及通航能力,其水质的好转有效地改善了下游通榆河的水质,确保了饮水安全。     

锅炉污染物监测中运行负荷的现场判断

简述了锅炉的风量和烟气量、锅炉燃料的消耗量以及锅炉运行负荷的估算方法。通过实例分析,用现场监测的实际风量与理论值比较,粗略估算出监测时段锅炉运行负荷,比对锅炉污染物监测时段的锅炉运行负荷标准,从而判断监测数据的准确性与有效性。     

Estimating the Ecological Condition of the Estuaries of the Gulf of Mexico

Monitoring of estuaries in the Louisianian Province was performed annually from 1991–1994 to assess ecological conditions on a regional scale. We found over the four years of monitoring, 25±6% of Gulf of Mexico estuarine sediments in the Louisianian Province displayed poor biological conditions, as measured by benthic community structure, and 14±7% of the area was characterized by poor water clarity, the presence of marine debris, and elevated levels of fish tissue contaminants. Using statistical associations to discern relationships between ecological condition and exposure or stressor data has shown that much of this degraded' condition co-occurs with sediment contamination.     

An ecosystem report on the Panama Canal: monitoring the status of the forest communities and the watershed

In 1996, the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute and the Republic of Panama's Environmental Authority, with support fromthe United States Agency for International Development, undertook a comprehensive program to monitor the ecosystem of the Panama Canal watershed. The goals were to establish baselineindicators for the integrity of forest communities and rivers. Based on satellite image classification and ground surveys, the2790 km² watershed had 1570 km² of forest in 1997, 1080 km² of which was in national parks and nature monuments. Most of the 490 km² of forest not currently in protected areas lies along the west bank of the Canal, and its managementstatus after the year 2000 turnover of the Canal from the U.S. to Panama remains uncertain. In forest plots designed to monitorforest diversity and change, a total of 963 woody plant specieswere identified and mapped. We estimate there are a total of 850–1000 woody species in forests of the Canal corridor. Forestsof the wetter upper reaches of the watershed are distinct in species composition from the Canal corridor, and have considerably higher diversity and many unknown species. Theseremote areas are extensively forested, poorly explored, and harbor an estimated 1400–2200 woody species. Vertebrate monitoring programs were also initiated, focusing on species threatened by hunting and forest fragmentation. Large mammals are heavily hunted in most forests of Canal corridor, and therewas clear evidence that mammal density is greatly reduced in hunted areas and that this affects seed predation and dispersal. The human population of the watershed was 113 000 in 1990, and grew by nearly 4% per year from 1980 to 1990. Much of this growth was in a small region of the watershed on the outskirts of Panama City, but even rural areas, including villages near and within national parks, grew by 2% per year. There is no sewage treatment in the watershed, and many towns have no trashcollection, thus streams near large towns are heavily polluted. Analyses of sediment loads in rivers throughout the watershed did not indicate that erosion has been increasing as a result ofdeforestation, rather, erosion seems to be driven largely by total rainfall and heavy rainfall events that cause landslides.Still, models suggest that large-scale deforestation would increase landslide frequency, and failure to detect increases inerosion could be due to the gradual deforestation rate and the short time period over which data are available. A study of runoff showed deforestation increased the amount of water fromrainfall that passed directly into streams. As a result, dry season flow was reduced in a deforested catchment relative to aforested one. Currently, the Panama Canal watershed has extensive forest areasand streams relatively unaffected by humans. But impacts of hunting and pollution near towns are clear, and the burgeoningpopulation will exacerbate these impacts in the next few decades.Changes in policies regarding forest protection and pollution control are necessary.     

空气质量监测中标准状态对测定结果的影响及建议

环境空气质量标准中各种污染物的浓度限值是评价、考核空气质量状况的基本依据。为了保证在不同时空、不同环境状况下监测数据的可比性,各个国家或组织在制定的空气质量标准中对标准状态(温度和压力)进行了定义。但是,由于标准状态定义不同,即使是同一环境状况下的同一实测结果进行标化计算后的污染物浓度也不相同,达不到可比性的基本原则。因此,建议中国在未来修订空气质量标准所采用的标准状态,进一步与国际接轨。     

北方重工业城市降水pH值与相关因素关系的研究

针对北方重工业城市出现的酸性降水和pH值降低的现象,采用集中监测、纵横对比、统计分析的方法,对降水pH值现状及与相关因子的关系进行了研究。结果显示,降水pH值依污染源排放的烟(粉)量的减少、环境空气中总悬浮微粒浓度的降低、机动车保有量的增加而向酸性发展,空气质量好的区域易发生酸雨,北方重工业城市"尘"重点治理以后酸雨和二氧化硫污染将出现加重趋势。仅靠削减二氧化硫排放量控制污染是不够的,重工业城市必须综合防治。     

太湖流域水体富营养化成因及防治对策的初步研究

以较丰富的素材分析了太湖流域富营养化的成因及其危害性,同时阐述了水体富营养化的治理对策。     

环境监控(监测)建设与发展过程的思考

论述环境监控系统的发展过程、具体应用和建设的意义。叙述环境监控系统的建设为解决环境质量监测、污染源在线自动监测和生态监测与具体部门相关联而造成信息孤岛的问题,提倡环保多业务综合共享信息的标准化;环境监控系统的建设是基础,应用是关键,运行维护管理是保障,三者不可偏废。让环境管理者产生形象思维,拓宽思路和视野,发现和解决新问题。