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1.
合成了二安替比林基─(2,4─二羟基)苯基甲烷(DADHM).在Mn(Ⅱ)和吐温─20存在下.Cr(Ⅵ)与DADHM反应生成有色化合物.λmax为460nm,ε=1.1×105L·mol-1·cm-1,Cr(Ⅵ1)量在0~10μg/25ml范围内符合比耳定律。该体系灵敏度较高,选择性较好.用于水和废水中微量铬(Ⅵ)的测定,结果满意。  相似文献   

2.
研究了二安替比林基—(2—漠)本基甲烷(DAOBM)与铬(Ⅵ)的显色反应的最佳条件.在Mn(Ⅱ)的诱导作用下,其摩尔吸光系数可达1.82×105L·mol-1·cm-1。显色反应在吐温—80存在下的磷酸介质中进行,铬量在1.0~60μg/25ml范围内符合比耳定律。该方法稳定性好.灵敏度高,具有很好的选择性.可用于电镀废水及处理废水中微量铬的测定.结果满意。  相似文献   

3.
研究了新试剂3—(H—酸偶氮)—4—(羟基)—苯磺酸(HAHBS)与铁的显色反应,在NH4Ac(pH= 7.0)缓冲介质中,HAHBS和Fe(Ⅲ)可生成3∶1 稳定络合物,λmax = 550 nm ,ε= 4.89×104L·m ol- 1·cm - 1,铁含量在0~0.6 m g/L内符合比耳定律。方法用于环境水样中铁的测定,结果令人满意。  相似文献   

4.
合成了新试剂4-(H-酸偶氮)1-苯基-3-甲基吡唑酮(HPMP),研究了其和铜的显色反应。在pH=7的NH4Ac缓冲介质中,CTMAB存在下,HPMP与Cu(Ⅱ)生成2∶1紫色络合物,λmax=580nm,ε=5.68×104L·mol-1·cm-1。铜含量在0~0.6mg/L内符合比耳定律。方法用于水样和生物样品中铜的测定,结果令人满意。  相似文献   

5.
合成了新试剂二安替比林对氨基苯基甲烷(DApAM)。在磷酸介质中,Mn(Ⅱ)和吐温-20协同存在下,DApAM和Cr(Ⅵ)生成红色产物,λmax=525nm,ε=1.05×105L·mol-1·cm-1。产物至少可稳定2h,Cr(Ⅵ)含量在4~320μg/L内符合比耳定律。用于含铬废水中Cr(Ⅵ)的测定,结果满意。  相似文献   

6.
铝—溴邻苯三酚红—乙基紫—明胶显色体系的研究及应用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
探讨了在明胶存在下,铝-溴邻苯三酚红(简称BPR)-乙基紫(简称EV)体系产生的协同显色反应条件。结果表明,在pH4.2~5.2的HAc-NaAc缓冲介质中,铝与BPR-EV形成离子型缔合物的最大吸收峰在615nm处,摩尔吸光系数为4.05×104L·mol-1·cm-1,铝含量在0~10μg/25ml遵循比耳定律.方法选择性好,可用于茶叶和铝锅沸水中铝含量分析,结果令人满意.  相似文献   

7.
研究了镉(Ⅱ)与4-(2-喹啉偶氮)-1,3-二羟萘(2-QADVM)的显色反应。结果表明:在0.3mnol/L氢氧化钠溶液中,当有十二烷基(2-羟乙基)二甲基氯化铵(DEMAC)存在时,镉(Ⅱ)与2-喹啉偶氮形成1:2橙红色络合物,λ_max为510_nm,摩尔吸光系数ε=1.2×105L·mol-1·cm-1,镉的浓度的在0~20μg/(25mL)范围内符合比尔定律,用2-喹啉偶氮作显色剂,可直接测定废水中的镉。试样用标准加入法测得回收率为96%~104%,相对标准偏差小于3%,用此法与双硫腙分光光度法对模拟镀镉废水进行了对比试验,其相对误差小于4%。  相似文献   

8.
灰色系统GM(1,1)残差模型在水质预测中的应用与探讨   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
近年来,灰色系统理论在环境预测方面已被较为广泛地应用,本文以青格达湖水质污染指标COD近十余年的监测数据作为原始数据.预测来来水质污染指标浓度值,探讨GM(1,1)模型在水质预测中的适用条件。1方法概述按X(0)的原始数据列得到下述GM(1,1)模型的时间响应函数。从模型得到的还原数据列为已知原始数据列为定义残差为如果取k—i.i+1…·.n,便有残差列q()一(q(0)(i).q(0(i+l)…·,q’0’(n》·对十”建立GM(1,1)模型.得时!司响应函数2计算步骤2.1建立GM(1,1)模型对原始数据列X”’作一次累加主成…  相似文献   

9.
二安替比林对甲基苯基甲烷与铬(Ⅵ)显色反应的研究   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
首次合成了新试剂二安替比林对甲基苯基甲烷(DApMM)。研究了DApMM和铬(Ⅵ)的显色反应,在磷酸介质中,Mn(Ⅱ)存在下,DApMM和铬(Ⅵ)反应生成橙色产物。λamx=485nm,ε=4.6×105L·mol-1·cm-1。铬(Ⅵ)含量在0.1~2.5μg/25ml内符合比耳定律。用于水样中铬(Ⅵ)的测定,结果满意。  相似文献   

10.
进行了和田地区环境天然贯穿辐射水平的调查研究并得出结论。首次采用网格及加密布点的方法布点.对103个测点的原野、道路和建筑物室内进行了外照射贯穿辐射测量。和田地区及所辖各县(市)的外照射贯穿辐射和土壤中天然放射性核素含量属正常本底辐射水平。全地区原野、道路和建筑物室内的陆地γ辐射空气吸收剂量率(×10-8Gy·h-1)按网格的均值依次是5.63±0.82、5.66±1.16和10.23±1.01,原野和室内陆地γ辐射空气吸收剂量率(×10-8Gy·h-1)的人口加权均值依次是6.15±0.93和10.87±1.30;室外和室内贯穿辐射(不包括中子成分)致空气吸收剂量率(×10-8Gy·h-1)按网格(人口加权)的均值依次分别是10.37±1.18(10.58±0.75)和14.50±1.17(14.83±1.13);天然贯穿辐射(不包括中子成分)所致居民人均年有效剂量当量为943.93±63.16(μSv),致居民年集体剂量当量为1096.57±73.37(man·SV)。  相似文献   

11.
The size distribution of aerosols was measured near traffic intersections of Marol link road in air quality control region (AQCR1), which is a moderately industrial area and Dadar Khodad circle in AQCR2, which is a heavily commercial core of the Mumbai City. The reason behind selecting the two unidentical regions was to study the contribution from vehicles to the size separated PM10 and that of Pb. It is recognised that particulates in urban air are responsible for serious health effects. As very small particles are assumed to be important for the adverse health effects, the particle size distribution is thus an important factor that needs to be addressed whenever the particulates pollution is concerned. The size measurements were done with a cascade impactor of eight stages with a back-up filter. It effectively separates the particulate matter into nine-sizes ranging from 0.0-0.4 to 9.0-10.0 microm. Samples were analysed in nine-particle size fractions with special reference to a toxic metal - lead (Pb) by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). It was found that PM10 and Pb at both the intersections could easily be classified by the size distribution. The fractions of the PM10 and that of Pb showing a tendency of trimodal distributions with the first peak at coarse mode approximately 9.0-10.0 microm, second at approximately 5.8 microm and the third at coarse mode approximately1.1 microm. The significant percentage of Pb was found in the range below 2.5 microm at both the intersections. However, Pb in AQCR1 is found in the coarser range as well, which could probably be the influence of various industrial activities in the area. PM10 concentration values in the coarser range in AQCR2 are associated with the resuspension of dust particles and mechanical erosions.  相似文献   

12.
The important role of the beta emitter Strontium-90 in our environmental has been studied since the nuclear age. This long half-life isotope (28.1 years) is produced in a relatively high yield (5.8 % from Uranium-235) during the fission of heavy elements. It has been reported to be the major artificial source of internal irradiation of the human body. Its valence shell electron configuration is the same as Calcium and so this isotope is easily fixed in the bones. The classical analysis of this particular isotope requires several weeks since it produces Yttrium-90 which is also a beta emitter. We developed a new trace analysis method by coupling High Performance Ionic Chromatography (HPIC), to separate Strontium-90 from natural or power plant reactor water, and on-line liquid scintillation counting detector, measuring the beta emission of low concentration Strontium-90 before Yttrium-90 is formed in a significant amount. We report here some analysis parameters : HPIC setup, scintillation cocktail, window, counting efficiency, linearity, pre-concentration and detection limits. We were able to determine very low concentrations of Strontium-90. The minimum concentration detected without a pre-concentration system was 0.5 ppt from a 200 µL sample (6.3×10-12 mole/L). The analysis only requires a few hours.  相似文献   

13.
Total As content and the As species distribution in water and sediments from the Kwabrafo stream, a major water body draining the Obuasi gold mining community in southwestern Ghana, have been investigated. Total As content was determined by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). Ion-pair reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography-neutron activation analysis (HPLC-NAA) was used for speciation of As species. Solid phase extraction with phosphate buffer was used to extract soluble As species from lyophilized sediment. The mass balance after phosphate extraction of soluble As species in sediment varied from 89 to 96 %. Compositionally appropriate reference material International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)-Lake Sediment (SL)-1 was used to check the validity of INAA method for total As determination. The measured values are in good agreement with the IAEA recommended value and also within the 95 % confidence interval. The accuracy of the measurement in terms of relative deviation from the IAEA recommended value was ±0.83 %. “In-house” prepared As(III) and As(V) standards were used to validate the HPLC-INAA method used for the As species determination. Total As concentration in the water samples ranged from 1.15 to 9.20 mg/L. As(III) species in water varied from 0.13 to 0.7 mg/L, while As(V) species varied from 0.79 to 3.85 mg/L. Total As content in sediment ranged from 2,134 to 3,596 mg/kg dry mass. The levels of As(III) and As(V) species in the sediment ranges from 138 to 506 mg/kg dry mass and 156 to 385 mg/kg dry mass, respectively.  相似文献   

14.
The accumulation of heavy metals in the environment may have a wide range of health effects on animals and humans. Thus, in this study, the concentrations of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and mercury (Hg) in the blood and tissues (liver and kidney) of Portuguese common buzzards (Buteo buteo) were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) in order to monitor environmental pollution to these elements. In general, Hg and As were the elements which appeared in the highest and lowest concentrations, respectively. A highest percentage of non-detected concentration was found for blood Cd (94.6 %) but, in turn, it was the only metal that was detected in all kidney samples. The kidney was the analyzed sample which showed the highest concentrations of each element evaluated. Statistically, significant differences among blood, liver, and kidney samples were observed for As and Cd (P?相似文献   

15.
With the aim of giving an overview on concentration and distribution of Cd, Cu, and Pb in fish from the coasts of Sinaloa state (SE Gulf of California), specimens with different feeding habits were collected in five locations. Sampling occurred between June 2003 and March 2004. Metal analyses on fish tissues were made by graphite furnace (Cd, Pb) and flame (Cu) atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Metal concentrations in tissues of carnivorous fish were grouped together and compared with corresponding concentrations in non-carnivorous fish; Cu and Pb levels were significantly (p?<?0.05) higher in liver of non-carnivorous species. Though no samples exceeded the maximum level set in international legislation for fish, from the perspective of the public health and considering the legal limits of fishery products for human consumption, Cu concentrations were exceeded (in tissues different from muscle) in four carnivorous and five non-carnivorous species according to the Australian legislation. In the case of Cd, two carnivorous species (Pomadasys leuciscus and Caulolatilus princeps) and one non-carnivorous species (Mugil cephalus), showed concentrations over the maximum level of 2 μg g???1 dry weight considered in the Mexican legislation. Considering average amounts of fish consumption in Mexico, daily mineral intake (DMI) values for Cu and percentage weekly intake (PWI) of Cd and Pb were estimated; none of the analyzed metals in edible portion of analyzed fish could be detrimental to humans.  相似文献   

16.
Serious problems are faced in several parts of the world due to the presence of high concentration of fluoride in drinking water which causes dental and skeletal fluorosis to humans. Nalgonda district in Andhra Pradesh, India is one such region where high concentration of fluoride is present in groundwater. Since there are no major studies in the recent past, the present study was carried out to understand the present status of groundwater quality in Nalgonda and also to assess the possible causes for high concentration of fluoride in groundwater. Samples from 45 wells were collected once every 2 months and analyzed for fluoride concentration using an ion chromatograph. The fluoride concentration in groundwater of this region ranged from 0.1 to 8.8 mg/l with a mean of 1.3 mg/l. About 52% of the samples collected were suitable for human consumption. However, 18% of the samples were having less than the required limit of 0.6 mg/l, and 30% of the samples possessed high concentration of fluoride, i.e., above 1.5 mg/l. Weathering of rocks and evaporation of groundwater are responsible for high fluoride concentration in groundwater of this area apart from anthropogenic activities including irrigation which accelerates weathering of rocks.  相似文献   

17.
18.
A phenosafranine-containing Nafion film attached to the distal end of a fiber-optic probe forms a functional redox-sensitive optical sensor. The synthetic cationic photoactive dye phenosafranine, 3,7-diamino-5-phenylphenazinium chloride, responds with changes in light absorbance between its oxidized and reduced forms. This optical property persists when phenosafranine is sorbed into Nafion, a perfluorosulfonate anionic film. Optical properties of the sensor are similar to those seen by others in solution. At high redox conditions, such as an open nitrogen-purged aqueous pH 6.5 solution, optical absorbance of phenosafranine is high, while at low redox conditions, such as an aqueous pH 6.5 iron(II) solution, optical absorbance of phenosafranine is low. Titration of a closed pH 6.5 aqueous solution with a standard iron(II) solution lowers redox potential in a predictable manner and can be followed by the optical redox sensor in parallel with a commercial redox potential electrode.  相似文献   

19.
In late 1995, school children discovered malformedfrogs in a south central Minnesota pond. Press coverage resultedin numerous citizen reports of frog malformation across Minnesotain 1996. After some initial site investigation, 3 affected frogsites and 4 nearby reference sites were selected for moredetailed evaluation. Field biologists made 89 visits to studysites beginning spring 1997 through fall 1999 to examine thenumber and type of frog malformations. Over 5,100 Leopardfrogs (Rana pipiens) were captured and examined atall study sites. Water elevations and associated littoralinundation were recorded from 1997-2000. Results indicate thatmalformation occurred at all study sites above historicalbackground levels. Rana pipiens malformation across allsites over three seasons averaged 7.9% and ranged from 0 to 7% at reference sites and 4 to 23% at affected sites. At onenorthern Minnesota site, mink frog (Ranaseptentrionalis) malformation was 75% in 1998. A sitecharacteristic common to the most affected sites was an elasticzone of littoral inundation. Climate driven hydrologic variationlikely influenced water depth and associated breeding locations.  相似文献   

20.
Drinking water treatment typically uses strong oxidants such as chlorine which are capable of converting Cr(III) to Cr(VI). The rates and extent of Cr(III) oxidation by chlorine are not well established. Cr(III) oxidation experiments were therefore conducted in distilled deionized water and New York City tap water dosed initially with Cr(III) and supplemented with sodium hypochlorite to increase free chlorine residual. Reaction progress was monitored using capillary electrophoresis which quenched reactions and allowed for quantification of Cr(VI). Three different forms of Cr(III) were used as reactants: a Cr(III) nitrate salt, Cr(III)-EDTA, and Cr(III) hydroxide. Rates of Cr(VI) production for all three forms of Cr(III) were rapid, on the order of hours. However, oxidation rates slowed and a plateau in Cr(VI) concentrations was reached. This resulted in less than 100% conversion of Cr(III) to Cr(VI) even at relatively high chlorine doses (10 to 100 mg L(-1) as Cl(2)). The loss of free chlorine due to a non-Cr chlorine demand, the precipitation of Cr(III) to Cr(OH)(3)(s), and the partial oxidation of Cr(III) to intermediate oxidation states (i.e. Cr(IV) and Cr(V)) were examined and eliminated as possible explanations for this behavior. Consumption of chlorine via reaction with intermediate oxidation states of Cr is therefore offered as a possible explanation for the plateau in Cr(VI) concentrations.  相似文献   

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