超临界CO2萃取在环境样品预处理中的应用

阐述了超临界流体萃取的原理和特点，分析了温度、压力、流体流速、改性剂、络合剂等因素对萃取过程的影响，介绍了超临界CO2萃取技术的优点及其在萃取土壤中的有机污染物、非固体介质中的污染物、环境样品中的金属离子等方面的应用，对该技术的应用前景作了展望。     

固相微萃取技术的现状与进展

固相微萃取是基于萃取涂层与样品之间的吸附（吸着）一解吸平衡而建立起来的集进样、萃取、浓缩功能于一体的新颖样品制备技术。具有操作简单、方便、样品需用量小、特别适合于现场分析等特点．文中对固相微萃取的装置、涂层材料、涂渍技术、萃取方式、与分析仪器的联用、萃取基本理论和定量依据及其在环境样品分析、临床和法医分析、食品分析等样品预处理中的应用发展方向进行了探讨．     

液相微萃取技术及其在环境水样预处理中的应用

介绍了液相微萃取技术的基本原理、萃取过程与中空纤维的形式。分析了中空纤维、有机萃取剂、吸收液体积、样品搅动、无机盐类、pH值和萃取时间等因素对萃取效果的影响。综述了液相微萃取技术在环境水样预处理中的应用。     

固相萃取技术在我国环境化学分析中的应用

固相萃取(SPE)是目前常用的一种样品预处理方法,它具有高效、快速、方便和高选择性等特点,已在我国空气、水质、临床药物中毒,法医毒物检验等环境化学分析中获得了广泛的应用.     

水中异味物质分析方法研究进展

介绍了水体异味现象及异味物质组分,综述了闭环捕集、吹扫捕集、液液萃取、固相萃取、固相微萃取、搅拌棒吸附萃取等样品前处理技术。指出气相色谱/质谱联用具有很强的分离和定性定量能力,与上述前处理技术联用是目前水体异味物质分析应用最广泛的方法。     

农药残留检测技术进展

本文介绍了近年来的环境残留农药检测的方法与进展，包括样品的预处理、净化、定性及定量检测方法．同时着重介绍了超临界流体萃取、超声波萃取样等品预处理领域中的前沿技术等．     

固相微萃取技术在环境监测分析中的应用进展

样品前处理是整个样品分析过程中的关键一环,其目的在于减少杂质对待测物的干扰及对目标物进行富集。固相微萃取技术是集采样、萃取、富集、进样于一体的样品前处理新技术。近年来,固相微萃取技术在环境污染物监测分析领域得到了广泛应用,该文章系统地综述了固相微萃取技术在不同环境基质(水体、大气、土壤及沉积物)预处理的方法,比较了不同类型涂层材料(如纳米材料、离子液体等)与装置形式(如内部冷却固相微萃取、箭形固相微萃取等)的优缺点及应用范围。针对现阶段固相微萃取技术应用于不同环境基质中存在的问题和不足,提出进一步研究的方向。     

在线液液萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定生活饮用水中卤代乙腈

优化建立了在线液液萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定饮用水中7种卤代乙腈的方法。通过多功能在线进样装置,研究设计了在线液液萃取的技术流程,优化了液液萃取关键参数,并建立了气相色谱-质谱检测方法。该方法对氯乙腈、二氯乙腈、三氯乙腈、溴乙腈、二溴乙腈、溴氯乙腈和碘乙腈等7种卤代乙腈都有较好的检测灵敏度,方法检测限为0.1~0.8 μg/L,纯水中高浓度加标回收率为72.0%~91.4%,精密度为1.8%~3.9%。经技术对比和应用验证,该方法具有高效灵敏、简便快速等特点,样品检测无干扰,自动化程度高,适用于饮用水中卤代乙腈类消毒副产物的检测。     

大气中半挥发性有机污染物的监测研究进展

介绍了大气中半挥发性有机污染物的采样方法和气／固相分配模型，综述了索氏提取、超声波萃取、超临界流体萃取、微波萃取、固相微萃取等样品预处理方法，以及直接进样热解析和其他仪器分析方法，对大气中半挥发性有机污染物的监测研究进展作了展望。     

分散液液微萃取技术在环境金属离子分析中的影响因素及应用

分散液液微萃取技术作为新型的样品前处理技术，由于其具有操作简便、费用低、富集倍数高等优点，已得到广泛认可和应用。文章综述了近5年来分散液液微萃取技术在环境金属离子分析中的进展，特别叙述了分析过程中的影响因素以及在环境分析中的应用，对此方法的原理作了简要介绍。     

超声提取-气相色谱质谱法测定大气PM2.5中正构烷烃

建立了超声提取-气相色谱质谱法测定大气PM2.5中32种正构烷烃方法,经离子温度优化、前处理比较、空白滤膜考察等获得了最佳的实验条件。研究发现,高、中、低3种浓度标准曲线的相关系数均在0.995以上,3种浓度的空白样品加标回收率分别为72.2%~117.8%、73.5%~104.4%、73.8%~109.5%,精密度均小于10%,实际样品加标回收率为75.7%~108.9%。当采样体积为24 m3时,各目标化合物的方法检出限为0.046~2.6 ng/m~3;经正构烷烃浓度范围为0.17~64.3 ng/m~3的1月及浓度范围为0.53~7.67 ng/m~3的6月的实际样品验证,该方法的检出限和测量范围也可较好的满足实际样品的测定。     

Qualitative Study of Organic Compounds in Wastewaters of a Swine Slaughterhouse

The main purpose of this work was the preliminary qualitative study of organic compounds in wastewaters of swine slaughterhouses. The samples were collected in a local abattoir and submitted to Liquid-Liquid Extraction (LLE) and Solid-phase Extraction (SPE) with XAD-4^TM resin as stationary phase. The instrumental analysis was performed by Gas Chromatography with Mass Spectrometer Detector (GC/MSD). The compounds present in the LLE and SPE extracts were identified by the GC/MSD library (Wiley). The results pointed out that SPE and LLE can extract practically the same classes of compounds at the same amounts. LLE works well for the extraction of polar organic compounds, with acidified samples, while SPE presents a better performance for the extraction of less polar organic compounds. Aldehydes were main class of the compounds extracted by SPE and LLE and decenal was the major aldehyde identified. Fatty alcohols and carboxylic acids were also identified but in minor proportions.     

分析仪器联用技术的发展动向

分析仪器联用技术已在环境样品分析中得到应用，并有广阔的发展前景。本文介绍了色谱-色谱、色谱-原子光谱、离子色谱联用技术、色谱-质谱、色谱-傅立叶变换红外光谱、色谱-核磁共振波谱（NMR）联用技术在分析环境样品方面的应用。     

萃取技术在环境样品预处理中的应用及发展

对萃取技术包括传统技术以及新近发展起来的如固相萃取、固相微萃取、膜萃取、超临界流体萃取、微波萃取等技术在环境样品预处理方面的运用进行综述,分析各自的优缺点以及发展前景.     

Monitoring priority substances of directives 76/464/EEC and 2000/60/EC in Greek water bodies

The priority substances of List I, 76/464/EEC Directive, some of which belong to the new Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC, have been monitored in the surface waters of Greece through the developed network of 53 sampling stations. The analytical methods used for the determination of these substances included Purge and Trap-Gas chromatography-Mass spectrometry for volatile and semivolatile organic compounds, Gas Chromatography-Electron Capture Detection for organochlorine insecticides, High Performance Liquid Chromatography for pentachlorophenol and Atomic Absorption Spectrometry for metals. The results have shown the presence of several priority substances in Greek surface waters, in most cases at concentrations well below the regulatory limits. However, non-compliance was observed for a limited number of compounds. The monitoring network and the analytical determinations have to be expanded to more water bodies and more priority substances, in order to safeguard the quality of Greek surface waters.     

Inter-comparison of remote sensing sensing-based shoreline mapping techniques at different coastal stretches of India

Many techniques are available for detection of shorelines from multispectral satellite imagery, but the choice of a certain technique for a particular study area can be tough. Hence, for the first time in literature, an inter-comparison of the most widely used shoreline mapping techniques such as Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), Modified NDWI (MNDWI), Improved Band Ratio (IBR) Method, and Automatic Water Extraction Index (AWEI) has been done along four different coastal stretches of India using multitemporal Landsat data. The obtained results have been validated with the high-resolution images of Cartosat-2 (panchromatic) and multispectral images from Google Earth. Performance of the above indices has been analyzed based on the statistics, such as overall accuracy, kappa coefficient, user’s accuracy, producer’s accuracy, and the average deviation from the reference line. It is observed that the performance of NDWI and IBR techniques are dependent on the physical characteristics of the sites, and therefore, it varies from one site to another. Results indicate that unlike these two indices, the AWEI algorithm performs consistently well followed by MNDWI irrespective of the land cover types.     

底泥中多环芳烃提取方法评述

总结了底泥中多环芳烃 (PAHs)提取的处理流程和国内外多种提取方法 ,比较了几种在我国较为常用的提取方法的效率。同时还提出了PAHs分离纯化的方法和步骤 ,并指出了提取过程中影响实验回收率的几个因素     

三重串联四极杆气相质谱联用仪测定饮用水源地水体中的多氯联苯

建立了以液-液萃取、三重串联四极杆气相质谱多反应监测法同时测定饮用水源地水体中18种多氯联苯的方法,给出了测量线性范围,线性关系良好,相关系数大于0.998。水中加标浓度为1.00、5.00、10.0ng/L时,平均加标回收率分别为75.6%～96.0%、90.6%～105%和92.4%～102%,相对标准偏差分别为19.8%～11.8%、4.2%～12.9%和4.3%～9.9%,检出限为0.29～0.57ng/L。结果表明,在测定水体中痕量多氯联苯方面,三重串联四极杆气相质谱相对于气相色谱-电子捕获检测和气相色谱质谱-选择离子检测具有更高的灵敏度和准确度,具有更广泛的应用。     

环境样品中多氯联苯分析的新进展

综述了环境中多氯联苯（ＰＣＢｓ）分析方法的新进展，阐述液液，液固萃取，精制富集待测物，色谱，色／质鉴定，对多维气相色谱改进ＰＣＢｓ分离，色谱／富里叶红外，保留指数区分ＰＣＢｓ异构件进行讨论。     

Thiram: degradation, applications and analytical methods

In this review a brief introduction to thiram (tetramethylthiuram disulfide; TMTD) pesticide has been given along with other applications. All the important methods available are systematically arranged and are listed under various techniques. Some of these methods have been applied for the determination of thiram in commercial formulations, synthetic mixtures in grains, vegetables and fruits. A comparison of different methods is the salient feature of this review.