首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 78 毫秒
1.
综合考虑国外优先控制污染物筛选的方法,根据上海市集中式生活饮用水源地特定80项和地表水控制的109项以外项目、全市挥发性和半挥发性有机项目、水源地突发性应急事故有机污染物等实际监测数据和历年来微量有机污染物研究成果,制定饮用水源地优先控制有机污染物筛选的原则、程序和过程,对出现频率高、超标几率高、浓度高,可能对人体健康产生影响的有机污染物进行筛选,提出包括多环芳烃、酞酸酯、卤代烃和其他共4类7种上海市饮用水源地优先控制有机污染物名单.  相似文献   

2.
上海市环境监测质量管理规划探讨   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
针对上海市环境监测行业质量管理工作在宏观管理和微观控制两个方面存在的问题,制定了上海市环境监测质量管理近期和中期规划。建立质量管理信息共享平台和QC指标评定体系,组建质量与技术管理委员会,建立环境质量和污染源连续自动监测系统的QA/QC体系。在全市环境监测行业内建立质量管理考核评价体系和法制保障体系,推进LIMS建设并实现与上海市环境监测中心LIMS的无缝链接,探索构建"上海市水环境监测质量控制平台"。  相似文献   

3.
综述了欧盟水框架指令和水政策环境质量标准指令框架下,水环境优先污染物和优先危害物质的确定方法、程序和清单,以及地表水质量标准与生物体质量标准的制定方法及监测要求。提出,我国可借鉴欧盟水框架指令和水政策环境质量标准指令,明确水环境管理和污染物控制目标,制定优先污染物筛选评估技术规范及质量标准,持续评估确定地表水优先污染物,同时,建立潜在高风险物质监测监控制度,进一步完善地表水环境质量标准的指标体系,使得水环境的保护更加科学合理。  相似文献   

4.
综合考虑国内外优先控制污染物筛选的方法,结合实际调查情况,制定了石家庄市大气中优先控制挥发性有机物筛选的原则。对检出率高、贡献率高,可能对人体健康存在潜在危害性的挥发性有机物作筛选,提出了包含20种化合物的优先控制名单,其中卤代烃7种,芳香烃5种,酯类3种,酮类2种,烯烃、醛类和硫化物各1种。从化合物的用途和应用领域分析,医药化工行业可能是石家庄市区大气中挥发性有机物的主要排放源。  相似文献   

5.
优先评估化学品名录对推进有毒有害化学品的管控、保护环境和人类健康具有重要意义。综述了国内外优先评估化学品筛选方法的发展、原则和步骤,总结了筛选评估流程中重点关注的多种危害特性,比较了各国优先评估化学品名录及其在各国/组织的禁止/限制情况,并分析其在我国的生产状况。结果表明,各国家/组织共筛选出1 146种优先评估化学品,有239种在至少2个国家/组织中被列为优先评估化学物质,有208种在我国生产使用,但其中164种尚未列入我国优控化学品名录,可作为下一步风险评估的对象。邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)被所有国家/组织列为优先关注化学品,接下来应严格管控塑料制品中的DEHP,或寻找合适的替代物。研究可为我国优先评估化学品的筛选与环境管理提供参考。  相似文献   

6.
简述了液相色谱串联高分辨质谱(LC-HRMS)的优势和其在水环境监测领域中的实际工作流程。分析了LCHRMS在水环境监测应用中面临的数据库储备相对匮乏和优先锁定定性目标相对滞后的问题,提出,通过建立目标化合物数据库,从厂家或供应商处购买与仪器匹配的数据库,建立高通量靶向监测和高通量非靶向筛查的体制机制,以及建立具有地方特色的特征污染物数据库等几种方式,以期进一步提高鉴别工作效率,更好地满足水环境监测的筛查需求。  相似文献   

7.
由于跨界和跨部门等原因导致的流域水环境数据信息标准不一,无法有效共享、综合利用等问题,是目前水环境信息使用过程中的主要问题之一.基于信息资源规划理论,充分调研水环境监测管理、政府规划与决策、科学技术研究和社会公众使用等对水环境监测信息的需求,以太湖流域为例,分析与水环境相关各种数据资源,研究流域水环境信息的数据体系及数据库体系,设计并建立流域水环境数据中心,初步完成太湖流域水环境数据的管理、分析及共享服务平台设计,为流域水环境监测信息综合管理做出了示范.  相似文献   

8.
黄浦江上游优先控制有机物的筛选   总被引:7,自引:1,他引:6  
参考国内外同行有关控制物的筛选方法,通过黄浦江上游饮用水源保护区内水质的污染现状分析,确立了黄浦江上游水源保护区优先控制污染物的筛选原则和筛选程序,建立了黄浦江上游工业废水和地面水中的优先控制的名单。  相似文献   

9.
简述了“九五”-“十一五”期间城市环境综合整治定量考核(简称城考)中城市水环境功能区水质达标率指标的定义、内涵,监测指标内容及分类、指标权重及评价标准等因素的变化规律.指出,应重视环境质量指标选择与当前环境污染现状的衔接,补充重金属等环境优先污染物指标为水环境质量监测评价指标.提出了新的筛选原则和指标设计思路.  相似文献   

10.
为明确地下水污染高风险区环境管控目标,快速识别优先控制污染物,于2022年以典型产业集聚区为研究对象,利用污染源产排污状况和地下水基础环境状况调查结果,将污染评价和环境风险相结合,优选污染源超标率、地下水环境污染等级、生物毒性参数和环境迁移转化参数作为筛选因子,利用层次分析法和综合分析法,计算各污染指标综合得分,建立筛选地下水优先控制污染物的方法体系。筛选结果显示,该产业集聚区的优先控制污染物相关指标包括:硝酸盐、耗氧量、石油类、总硬度、亚硝酸盐、镍、锌、硫酸盐、甲苯、氨氮等。筛选结果与园区主导行业产排污特征和地下水质量现状相符,具有一定的可靠性,可为科学、精准管控高风险区地下水质量提供依据。  相似文献   

11.
Endemic fluorosis was investigated and studied in the west region of the Songnen plain, Northeast China in 2001–2002. The results showed that the fluorine distribution in aquatic environment was that the fluorine concentrations in the lake water and unconfined ground water were higher than that in the river water and confined ground water. The lake water (Alkali lake) is connected with unconfined ground water. In unconfined ground water, from the east and southeast areas to the west and the northwest areas of the plain, fluorine concentration fluctuated with high and low alternatively. The fluorine in the water comes from the weathering of rocks and minerals in the mountains and hills around the Songnen Plain. The main influence factors of the fluorine distribution in aquatic environment are discussed. Unconfined ground water containing high fluorine is used as drinking water. In this region, the fluorine concentration in drinking water is evidently correlated to the morbidity of dental and skeletal fluorosis. High fluorine concentration in drinking water has endangered human health.  相似文献   

12.
开展水生态环境质量评价方法研究,建立合适的河流健康评价体系是解决河流健康问题的前提和实现河流健康管理的重要手段。黄河自上而下生态环境现状迥异,水生态环境脆弱,寻求一种或多种适合黄河流域水生态环境质量的评价方法具有重要意义。该文介绍了国内外水生态环境质量评价方法及在黄河流域的应用进展,总结了鱼类生物完整性指数(F-IBI)、底栖无脊椎动物完整指数(B-IBI)、着生藻类生物完整性指数(P-IBI)及水生态环境质量综合评价法的主要指标,以及黄河流域不同区域生物种类的评价指标,分析了各评价方法优缺点及应用范围,并根据目前研究基础评述了黄河流域水生态环境质量评价存在的问题,对黄河流域水生态环境质量评价方法、指示生物的选择及水生态环境质量综合评价法的研究等提出了具体建议。  相似文献   

13.
太湖流域严峻的水生态环境形势备受关注,而水生态环境功能分区管理体系实施现状和效果无法被准确把握。以太湖流域水生态环境功能分区为研究对象,基于四象限法则和二维向量结构指标体系等方法论,综合障碍因子分析与目标可达性分析,对太湖流域水生态环境功能分区管理绩效评估目标达成效率进行评估和预警,为水生态环境功能分区管控提供技术指导。结果表明,江苏省太湖流域目标达成效率情况较好,"高效"、"一般"、"低效"的比例依次下降,高预警级别的区域较少;环境效率指标中单位面积污染物减排管控效率较高,环境质量指标整体表现良好,须谨防向"低效"转变。  相似文献   

14.
An atmospheric pressure photoionisation (APPI) source for liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) was applied to determine neonicotinoid pesticides in the aquatic environment. Dopant-assisted APPI was very effective in the ionisation of neonicotinoids. Neonicotinoids generated protonated molecules in APPI with high sensitivity, while adduct ions, such as sodiated molecules, were predominantly generated in conventional electrospray ionisation. The ionisation of neonicotinoids was confirmed by ultra-high-resolution MS. An analytical method coupled with solid phase extraction was developed for acetamiprid, clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, and thiamethoxam. Method detection limits were 0.47 to 2.1 ng L(-1) for six neonicotinoids. Dinotefuran was the most frequent and highest among the neonicotinoids examined in the aquatic environment in Osaka, Japan. The maximum concentration of dinotefuran was 220 ng L(-1). Given the toxicity of neonicotinoids for aquatic creatures, the concentrations observed here were substantially low. The change in concentrations was temporally coincident with the period of the neonicotinoid application. Although rapid photodegradation and some degradation products have been elucidated, the degradation products in the aquatic environment were not identified in the present study.  相似文献   

15.
水生态监测能够为水生态环境监督、管理和保护提供重要的数据和技术支撑。加强黄河水生态监测,维护流域水生态系统健康,对促进黄河流域高质量发展具有重要意义。从常规水质监测、生境监测和生物监测3个方面,分析了中国水生态监测方法的研究进展及在黄河流域的应用实践。结合黄河流域水生态监测尤其是生物监测相对滞后的现状,探讨了流域水生态监测的发展方向。建议加快黄河流域水生态监测能力建设,建立适用于黄河流域的水生态监测与评价标准体系,探索新兴监测技术与传统技术的有机结合。  相似文献   

16.
空间决策支持系统(SDSS)作为地理信息系统与决策支持系统的结合体,兼有两者优点。文章将空间决策支持技术引入水环境计算中,讨论如何将水环境预测模型、决策分析方法与空间分析技术进行有机的结合,分析水环境空间决策模型的结构和建立过程,并结合应用实例——突发性水污染事故应急系统为例,阐明了其应用模型的特点,最后给出了相应的建设性结果。  相似文献   

17.
The occurrence and fate of polyfluoroalkyl compounds (PFCs) in the aquatic environment has been recognized as one of the emerging issues in environmental chemistry. PFCs comprise a diverse group of chemicals that are widely used as processing additives during fluoropolymer production and as surfactants in consumer applications for over 50 years. PFCs are known to be persistent, bioaccumulative and have possible adverse effects on humans and wildlife. As a result, perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) has been added to the persistent organic pollutants (POPs) list of the Stockholm Convention in May 2009. However, their homologues, neutral precursor compounds and new PFCs classes continue to be produced. In general, several PFCs from different classes have been detected ubiquitously in the aqueous environment while the concentrations usually range between pg and ng per litre for individual compounds. Sources of PFCs into the aqueous environment are both point sources (e.g., wastewater treatment plant effluents) and nonpoint sources (e.g., surface runoff). The detected congener composition in environmental samples depends on their physicochemical characteristics and may provide information to their sources and transport pathways. However, the dominant transport pathways of individual PFCs to remote regions have not been conclusively characterised to date. The objective of this article is to give an overview on existing knowledge of the occurrence, fate and processes of PFCs in the aquatic environment. Finally, this article identifies knowledge gaps, presents conclusions and recommendations for future work.  相似文献   

18.
江苏省流域水环境综合管理监控预警体系构建   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以水生态功能分区为基础,构建江苏省流域水环境综合管理监控预警体系,包括基于水环境容量的污染物总量控制体系、基于主要水污染物的总量减排监控体系、基于水生态系统安全的监测与评估体系和基于水环境风险的监控预警体系,使江苏省水环境管理从单一的水质管理向流域综合管理转变,从单纯的化学污染控制向水生态系统保护转变,从目标总量管理向...  相似文献   

19.
The occurrence and behavior of carbamazepine (CBZ) was investigated in aquatic environment of Yangtze River Delta, East China. The water samples were enriched by solid-phase extraction and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector. The validation of the analytical method included linearity (0.1?C1 mg/L), recovery studies, and determination of limits of quantification. Limits of quantification of CBZ in various aquatic samples were in the range of 0.1?C0.2 ??g/L. CBZ was detected in the Tongji University Intramural River, the Huangpu River, and the Suzhou River with the highest concentration of 1,090 ng/L, but not detected in the Nanhengyin River and the Caojia River. In sewage water samples, CBZ was not detected in one of the sewage treatment plants (STPs) but was detected in the raw influents and effluents at the other three selected STPs in Shanghai, with the concentrations ranging from 230 to 1,110 ng/L. CBZ was not completely eliminated after secondary treatment (with the active sludge process).  相似文献   

20.
This risk assessment on 1,1,1-trichloroethane was carried out specifically for the marine environment, accordingly to the methodology laid down in the EU risk assessment Regulation (1488/94) and the Guidance Document of the EU New and Existing Substances Regulation (TGD, 1996). 1,1,1-trichloroethane is being phased out of most uses because of its ozone depletion potential (ODP) under the Montreal Protocol. Production for emissive uses has already been phased out end 1995 in Europe and 1996 in the United States, Japan and other industrial countries. The risk assessment study consists of the collection and evaluation of data on effects and environmental concentrations from analytical monitoring programmes in large rivers and estuaries in the North Sea area. The risk is indicated by the ratio of the Predicted Environmental Concentration (PEC) and the Predicted No-Effect Concentration (PNEC) for the marine aquatic environment. In total 14 studies for fish, 7 studies for invertebrates and 9 studies for algae have been evaluated. Both acute and chronic studies have been taken into account and the appropriate assessment factors have been used to calculate a PNEC value of 21 microg/l based on long term exposure. The PEC was derived from monitoring data. The PEC was set at 0.206 microg/l (worst case) and 0.024 microg/l (typical case) for coastal waters and estuaries and 0.6 microg/l (worst case) and <0.1 microg/l (typical case) for river waters. The calculated PEC/PNEC ratios, which do not take into account any dilution factor within the sea, correspond to a safety margin of 35 to 1000 between the aquatic effect and the exposure concentration. 1,1,1-trichloroethane is not a 'toxic, persistent and liable to bioaccumulate' substance according to the criteria as mentioned by the Oslo and Paris Conventions for the Prevention of Marine Pollution (OSPAR-DYNAMEC). It can be concluded that the present use of 1,1,1-trichloroethane does not present a risk to the marine aquatic environment.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号