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1.
惠州农业土壤、灌溉水和农产品中有机氯农药的残留   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
用气相色谱法(GC-ECD)对惠州市51个农业土壤样品、12个灌溉水样品和21个农产品样品中的HCHs和DDTs残留量进行了测定.HCHs平均含量分别为土壤1.66μg/kg、灌溉水5.86ng/L、农产品24.74μg/kg;DDTs平均含量分别为土壤4.98μg/kg、灌溉水2.06ng/L、农产品41.72μg/kg,土壤中有机氯农药通过多种方式进入到水体及农产品中.从HCHs和DDTs异构体组成可以看出,环境中绝大多数农药残留是由于历史上使用造成的,个别地区可能还有新的污染输入.同其它地区相比,惠州农业土壤和灌溉水中的有机氯农药残留水平较低,但农产品尤其是蔬菜中DDTs富集程度较高.  相似文献   

2.
通过在贵州主要农作物种植区域采集5 cm、10 cm、15 cm深度的土壤样品,检测其中22种OCPs的残留量。结果表明:在所有水稻土壤样品中除了环氧七氯-A、反式九氯和狄氏剂未检出外,其余19种OCPs均有不同程度检出;OCPs在上述3种深度土壤中总残留量分别为0.526 ng/g、0.497 ng/g、1.605 ng/g。DDTs在3种深度水稻土壤中的总残留量(0.359 ng/g)低于HCHs总残留量(1.135 ng/g)。水稻土壤中γ-HCH、δ-HCH残留量显著高于玉米土壤。水稻土壤中HCHs和硫丹残留主要源自历史上工业制剂的使用,DDTs在水稻土壤中的降解方式主要为厌氧。农作物种植区域土壤中OCPs残留量均符合国家农用地土壤污染风险管控标准。  相似文献   

3.
测定了不同典型农业生产功能区土壤中有机氯农药(OCPs)残留,六六六(HCHs)、滴滴涕(DDTs)各同分异构体均有不同程度检出。结果表明,DDTs含量占有机氯农药含量的56%~95%,是污染的主要贡献污染物。HCHs中γ-HCH占45%~79%,DDTs中DDE>40%。其畜禽养殖基地和污水灌溉区污染指数(DDTs)分别为1.6(重污染)和0.6(中污染),其余均小于0.5(轻污染)。  相似文献   

4.
监测分析了以揭西县林地、农业用地和建设用地的331个土壤样品中的重金属含量,运用潜在生态风险指数法、健康风险指数法以及克里金插值法等对镍、锌、汞、砷、铜、镉、铅和铬的潜在生态风险和潜在健康风险进行研究。结果表明:汞超出《土壤破坏质量 农用地土壤污染风险管控标准》风险筛选值,存在一定风险。研究区具有轻微潜在生态风险,汞和镉是主要生态风险因子,高值区主要分布在建设用地,综合潜在生态风险高值区主要分布在建设用地。成人和儿童的单项非致癌风险指数总和(HQ)和总非致癌风险指数(HI)均<1,非致癌风险在可接受范围内。铬、砷和铅是主要非致癌贡献因子。砷对成人和儿童具有较高的致癌风险,是主要致癌风险因子。不同土地利用类型下成人和儿童总致癌风险指数(TCR)依次为农业用地>林地>建设用地。单项致癌风险指数总和(CR)均为砷>镉>铬。  相似文献   

5.
以南方某城市的10个地铁车站作为研究对象,分析空气可吸入颗粒物(PM10)样品中10种重金属砷(As)、铬(Cr)、镉(Cd)、镍(Ni)、汞(Hg)、铅(Pb)、锰(Mn)、锑(Sb)、锡(Se)、铜(Cu)的质量浓度。采用美国环境保护局(US EPA)推荐的健康风险评估模型,对重金属通过呼吸途径引起的人群健康风险进行评估。结果表明,地铁车站空气PM10中的重金属Cr和As对人群可能存在潜在致癌健康风险;重金属Mn、Cu、Pb、Se、Hg和Sb对人群的非致癌健康风险较小。提出,应进一步关注地铁车站空气PM10中重金属对暴露人群可能存在的健康风险,采取有针对性的措施进行防护。  相似文献   

6.
采集兰州西固区土壤样品,采用GC/μECD方法检测样品中有机氯农药(OCPs)污染残留,并分析调查区土壤中OCPs污染特征、来源及潜在生态风险。结果表明,8种OCPs异构体在兰州西固区土壤中的检出率均为100%,总质量比范围在18.34μg/kg~125.34μg/kg之间,平均值为54.84μg/kg;土壤中BCHs和DDTs残留质量比分别为0.742μg/kg~29.3μg/kg和10.9μg/kg~98.6μg/kg。OCPs残留以p,p'-DDT和β-BCH为主。不同采样点土壤样品中OCPs的残留量从高到低依次为路边样绿化带样树根土样菜地样。对DDTs与BCHs异构体残留组分分析发现,调查区土壤中残留的BCHs主要源于历史应用,而DDTs源于近期污染。  相似文献   

7.
利用GC-ECD检测了山美水库流域表层沉积物中DDTs农药含量,分析了其残留与组成特征及生态风险.结果表明,表层沉积物中DDTs平均含量为4.07 ng/g,其含量范围为0.96~8.20 ng/g;DDTs含量大小顺序为桃溪与湖洋溪汇流(8.20 ng/g)>湖洋溪(4.67 ng/g)>桃溪(4.59 ng/g)>山美水库(1.96 ng/g).表层沉积物中新的DDTs输入量比较少;沉积物中DDTs主要来自于早期残留或是施用农药长期风化后的土壤;大多数采样点DDTs发生好氧生物降解,降解产物以DDE为主.对照Ingersoll风险评估标准,表层沉积物中DDTs农药残留具有较高的生态风险.  相似文献   

8.
以石家庄市黄壁庄水库和岗南水库及上游河流为研究对象,对1 700余种典型特征污染物开展定量或半定量分析,获得了27 000余个检测数据,共筛选出98种特征污染物,建立了石家庄市饮用水水源地的污染源排放数据库。利用美国环境保护署推荐的环境健康风险评价模型,对筛查出的化学污染物、生物毒性和病原微生物等污染因子进行健康风险评价。结果显示,各采样点污染物的非致癌风险值(HQ)均小于阈值1,不会对暴露人群的身体健康造成明显的非致癌危害。各采样点污染物的致癌风险值(LCR)均在10-6数量级以下,对人体的致癌风险较弱。  相似文献   

9.
贵州遵义地区土壤中有机氯农药残留调查   总被引:6,自引:2,他引:4       下载免费PDF全文
于2008年3月-5月对遵义地区土壤中有机氯农药残留进行了调查。结果表明,15种有机氯农药在所有样品中都有不同程度的检出。HCHs、DDTs类物质的检出率分别为90.7%、45.7%。∑HCH残留量为未检出~12.7μg/kg,平均值为1.6μg/kg;2DDT残留量为未检出-239.7μg/kg,平均值为2.8μg/kg;总有机氯杀虫剂平均残留量为4.51μg/kg,同国内其他地区相比,其残留水平偏低。  相似文献   

10.
运用氮、氧双同位素对聊城市城郊浅层地下水硝酸盐进行溯源,基于人类健康风险评估模型评估其健康风险。结果表明:研究区地下水中硝酸盐质量浓度在396 mg/L~389 mg/L之间,52%的监测点硝酸盐质量浓度超过《地下水质量标准》(GB/T 14848—2017)中Ⅲ类水质限值(20 mg/L);地下水硝酸盐主要来源于化肥中的NH+4,其次为化肥中的NO-3和土壤中N的矿化作用;成年男性、成年女性和未成年人的非致癌风险值均处于可接受风险水平,区域人群硝酸盐暴露风险的主要途径为饮用区域地下水。  相似文献   

11.
环境健康风险评估是生态环境和卫生健康管理决策制定的重要依据之一,从政策制定、技术规范、制度试点、能力建设和管理应用等方面分析了我国环境健康风险评估工作现状。指出,我国环境健康风险评估制度存在各部门对环境健康风险评估的认识偏差,部门职责不清晰,管理需求不明确,技术体系不完善等问题。提出,生态环境和卫生健康部门应结合各自职责与需求制定相关工作办法,开展试点探索,条件成熟时制定专门法律;厘清生态环境和卫生健康部门在环境健康风险管理中的职责;紧密围绕生态环境和卫生健康管理需求,开展环境健康风险评估工作;借鉴国外经验,完善环境健康风险评估技术规范体系;从机构设置、技术队伍培训、合作共享、学术交流等方面提升环境健康风险评估能力。  相似文献   

12.
A Health Index/Risk Evaluation Tool (HIRET) has been developed for the integration of risk assessment and spatial planning using GIS capabilities. The method is meant to assist decision makers and site owners in the evaluation of potential human health risk with respect to land use. Human health risk defined as the potential adverse effects on human life or health is generally accepted as the most important aspect for site assessment and planning of remediation strategies. It concerns polluted sites that endanger human health on one hand and derelict land that does not cause the immediate risk on the other hand. In current state-of-the-art risk-assessment, long-term spatial and temporal changes of risks, in relation to changes in contamination patterns and land use functions, are not taken into account. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the methodology developed for human health risk assessment in aspect of spatial and temporal domain. HIRET was developed as an extension for ESRI software ArcView 3.2 and allows performing dynamic human health risk assessment in long-term period, which is relevant for land use planning. The paper illustrates how such methodology can assist in environmental decision-making to enhance the efficiency of contaminated land management. A case study of contaminated site is given showing how data can be used within a GIS framework to produce maps indicating areas of potential human health risk.  相似文献   

13.
以环境与健康调查及风险评估研究为出发点,江苏省于2018年设立了"江苏省环境与健康调查与风险评估体系建设"环保科研重大技术攻关类项目,根据江苏省行业、地区、流域特点以及江苏省环境与健康调查及风险评估工作基础,结合国内环境与健康研究现状,深入开展典型行业、地区、流域环境与健康调查、环境与健康问题分析、环境健康风险评价,建设环境与健康重点实验室,探索并实践环境与健康理念融入环境保护管理的研究任务,为全面开展环境与健康监测业务化运行以及环境健康风险评估进行技术实践和储备,为江苏省环境与健康管理工作提供支撑。  相似文献   

14.
Diesel pollution of groundwater poses great threat to public health, mainly as a result of the constituent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). In this study, the human health risk exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in diesel contaminated groundwater used by several families at Ring Road, Jos, Nigeria (as caused by diesel spill from a telecom base station) was assessed. Prior to the groundwater being treated, the residents were using the water after scooping off the visible diesel sheen for purposes of cooking, washing, and bathing. Until this study, it is not clear whether the groundwater contamination had resulted in sub-chronic exposure of the residents using the water to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to the extent of the PAHs posing a health risk. The diesel contaminated groundwater and uncontaminated nearby groundwater (control) were collected and analyzed for PAHs using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The dosage of the dermal and oral ingestion entry routes of PAHs was determined. The estimation of the non-carcinogenic health risk was via hazard quotients (HQ) and the associated hazard index (HI), while the estimation of the carcinogenic health risk was via lifetime cancer risks (LCR) and the associated risk index (RI). Obtained results indicate that the exposure of the residents to the PAHs may have made them susceptible to the risk of non-carcinogenic health effects of benzo(a)pyrene and the carcinogenic health effects of benzo(a)anthracene and benzo(a)pyrene.  相似文献   

15.
Irrigation with polluted water from the upper Yellow River (YR) channel of Northwest China has resulted in agricultural soil being contaminated by heavy metals (HMs). This causes major concerns due to the potential health risk to the residents in this area. The present study aims to assess the efficiency of constructed wetland (CW) in reducing the heavy metal contamination in irrigation water and food crops, thus in reduction of potential health risk to the residents. The associated risk was assessed using hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI). The results showed a potential health risk to inhabitants via consumption of wheat grain irrigated with untreated water from YR. However CW could greatly reduce the human health risk of HMs contamination to local residents through significantly decreasing the concentrations of HMs in wheat grain. In theory, the reduction rate of this risk reached 35.19% for different exposure populations. Therefore, CW can be used as a system to pre-treat irrigation water and protect the residents from the potential HMs toxicity.  相似文献   

16.
Health Impact Assessment (HIA) is a developing component of the overall impact assessment process and as such needs access to procedures that can enable more consistent approaches to the stepwise process that is now generally accepted in both EIA and HIA. The guidelines developed during this project provide a structured process, based on risk assessment procedures which use consequences and likelihood, as a way of ranking risks to adverse health outcomes from activities subjected to HIA or HIA as part of EIA.The aim is to assess the potential for both acute and chronic health outcomes. The consequences component also identifies a series of consequences for the health care system, depicted as expressions of financial expenditure and the capacity of the health system.These more specific health risk assessment characteristics should provide for a broader consideration of health consequences and a more consistent estimation of the adverse health risks of a proposed development at both the scoping and risk assessment stages of the HIA process.  相似文献   

17.
辽宁大伙房水库水质健康风险评估   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
对大伙房水库水质健康风险进行了评估,结果表明水库水质中各类污染物所致健康危害的个人年总风险为1.0×10-6/a。水质中基因毒物质所致健康危害的个人年风险由大到小排列为六价铬>砷>;躯体毒物质所致健康危害的个人年风险由大到小的排列为铅>汞>氰化物>氨氮>挥发酚。因此在管理上应重视对基因毒物质中化学致癌物排放量的控制。  相似文献   

18.
化工企业拆迁场地健康风险评价   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
随着城市的发展,越来越多的工业企业逐步搬迁出主城区,遗留下的场地将会用作商业或居住用地,对这些拆迁场地如不加强环境管理,可能会对公众健康造成危害。以化工企业拆迁场地为例,按照危害识别、暴露评估、毒性评估、风险表征4个步骤,介绍了健康风险评价的一般方法,着重介绍了"危害识别"步骤中对于化工企业拆迁场地环境调查方面的方法与注意事项。最后指出了我国在污染场地健康风险评价方面的不足,并提出了相应的建议。  相似文献   

19.
垃圾填埋场地下水污染对居民健康的风险评价   总被引:7,自引:2,他引:5       下载免费PDF全文
调查了某垃圾填埋场地下水和周边居民饮用水中的As、Hg等重金属和挥发酚等有机物的污染状况,运用美国环保局的健康风险计算模型,评估了该垃圾填埋场地下水对周边居民的潜在健康风险。结果表明,各类人群对4种有阈化合物的饮食和皮肤暴露的终身健康危险度在8.2×10^-11~1.3×10^-10之间,均低于可以接受的风险水平10^-6;对As的终身超额健康危险度在3.1×10^-7~4.9×10^-7之间,表明地下水中砷污染对居民潜在的致癌风险不明显。各类人群通过皮肤对Hg、As、Cd和挥发酚的暴露剂量比通过饮水暴露的剂量高0.7倍~14.5倍,皮肤暴露将是地下水影响人体健康并构成潜在风险的重要途径。  相似文献   

20.
太湖饮用水源地水环境健康风险评价   总被引:5,自引:3,他引:2  
介绍了水环境健康风险评价方法,并根据太湖饮用水源地水环境质量监测数据,对4个饮用水源地通过饮水途径引起的水环境健康风险进行了评价。结果表明,2005~2009年,4个饮用水源地水环境健康个人年风险多数超过国际辐射防护委员会(ICRP)推荐的标准,主要风险因子为化学致癌物六价铬和砷;化学致癌物对人体健康危害个人年风险度远高于非化学致癌物;化学致癌物所致健康危害的个人年风险呈波动降低变化,非化学致癌物所致健康危害的个人年风险基本保持稳定。  相似文献   

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