共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 171 毫秒
1.
2.
广州市新建民用建筑工程土壤氡浓度调查 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
对广州市天河区和白云区206个新建民用建筑工程场地土壤氡浓度进行了调查.结果表明,不同测点的土壤氡浓度为520 Bq/m3~147 500 Bq/m3,不同工程场地土壤平均氡浓度相差也很大;土壤氡浓度与场地岩性的分布比较吻合.在所测场地中,只有4个工程场地的土壤氡浓度超过周围非地质构造断裂区域3~5倍,需要采取相应的防氡措施,其他须进行一般的建筑工程场地地基施工即可. 相似文献
3.
4.
1 实验 文献[1]表明,房屋装修1年后,室内甲醛质量浓度仍在国家规定标准值左右,质量浓度由最初的2.40 mg/m3递减至1年后的0.087 mg/m3.在对新装修的办公室、居民住宅和公共场所的室内空气污染物调查时,发现甲醛超标率>70%[2]. 相似文献
5.
乌鲁木齐市86户居民住宅352个室内空气样本甲醛检测结果表明:有199个样本超标,超标率为56.5%。甲醛浓度平均值为0.126 mg/m3,甲醛污染指数分布在0.32~3.73。甲醛浓度随居住时间延长总体呈下降趋势。室内甲醛污染最严重的时段在装修完后居住1 a以内非供暖期的5—8月。住宅不同功能区甲醛浓度的高低顺序为:厨房书房次卧主卧客厅。 相似文献
6.
本文报道了哈密地区居民饮用水中~(238)U和~(226)Ra水平,其几何平均值分别为79.8、1.97m Bq.L~(-1),人口加权平均值分别为80.5、1.84m Bq.L~(-1)。居民连续饮此水50年,水中~(238)U、~(234)U和~(226)Ra所致居民有效约定剂量当量分别为202、430、24μsv,分别为我国天然辐射源所致居民外照射年有效剂量(952μsv)的21.2%、45.2%、2.5%,由此可见,不会对居民健康产生有意义的影响。 相似文献
7.
东北地区大气BTEX的时空分布特征 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
在东北地区7个典型城市中25个监测点进行了观测,时间分别为2008年4月、7月、10月和2009年1月,使用吸附剂采样管采集并通过热脱附-气相色谱-质谱联用技术分析了苯系物样品,系统研究了东北地区大气苯系物的时空分布特征。研究结果表明,苯和甲苯年均浓度值最高,分别为(4.19±2.31)μg/m3和(3.22±1.14)μg/m3,共占苯系物浓度近70%;各功能区按苯系物浓度大小顺序排列为混合区工业区交通区居民区文教区对照区;受排放源和气象条件的影响,采暖期苯系物浓度高于非采暖期苯系物浓度;风向频率影响苯系物浓度分布,沿下风向浓度逐渐降低;苯/甲苯比值分析表明,东北地区苯系物的主要来源是煤燃烧。 相似文献
8.
室内氡子体浓度的动态观测 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用Markov快速潜能法,观测了武汉市某一建筑物室内氡子体浓度随季节和昼夜的变化规律.结果表明:全年(215天)室内氡子体浓度呈正态分布,24小时内最大值与最小值之比为2.9,月均值在年均值±60%内变化.对气压、气温、日照、相对湿度等气象因素的影响也进行了初步探讨. 相似文献
9.
陈亮 《环境监测管理与技术》2015,27(4):44-47
通过2011—2013年对田湾核电站厂区及周围环境大气气溶胶中总α、总β放射性水平的监测,结果表明:该核电站厂区及周围环境大气气溶胶中总α、总β放射性浓度范围分别为0.023 m Bq/m3~0.296 m Bq/m3、0.240 m Bq/m3~2.460 m Bq/m3,放射性水平在本底范围内,未见明显差异;总α、总β放射性水平波动受气象条件影响,呈季节性变化特征。 相似文献
10.
居民供水中的氡是室内空气中氡污染的主要来源。据测定,高供水中氡浓度为一万微微居里/升时,室内空气中的氡浓度可增加一微微居里/升。研究表明,当室内空气中氡浓度为4微微居里/升时,人罹患肺癌的相对危险比率为1%;当饮用水中氡浓度为二万微微居里时,人患胃癌的相对危险比率为0.2%。最近美国国家标准局研究成功了一种测定水中氡 相似文献
11.
Nevzat Damla Ugur Cevik Ali Ihsan Kobya Berna Ataksor Umit Isık 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2010,160(1-4):401-412
The province of Batman, located in southern Anatolia, has a population of approximately 500,000. To our knowledge, there exists no information regarding the environmental radioactivity in this province. Therefore, gamma activity measurements in soil, building materials and water samples and an indoor radon survey have been carried out in the Batman province. The mean activity concentrations of the natural radionuclides (226Ra, 232Th and 40K) and a fission product (137Cs) were 35 ± 8, 25 ± 10, 274 ± 167 and 12 ± 7 Bq kg???1, respectively, in the soil samples. The concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in the selected building materials ranged from 18 to 48 Bq kg???1, 8 to 49 Bq kg???1 and 68 to 477 Bq kg???1, respectively. All the calculated radium equivalent (Raeq) activity values of the building material samples are lower than the limit of 370 Bq kg???1, equivalent to a γ-dose of 1.5 mSv year???1. The activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in tap waters collected from the study area were determined with mean specific activity concentrations of 42 ± 15, 35 ± 9 and 524 ± 190 mBq L???1, respectively. Indoor radon measurements were made at 95 dwellings in Batman using a CR-39 detector. The radon concentration levels were found to vary from 23 to 145 Bq m???3. The arithmetic mean of the measured radon concentration levels was found to be 84 Bq m???3 with a standard deviation value of 23 Bq m???3. The measurement results obtained in this study did not significantly differ from those taken in other parts of the country. The data generated in this study can be used to determine whether the Batman province is in a normal or high background radiation area and provides a valuable database for future estimations of the impact of radioactive pollution. 相似文献
12.
Mowlavi AA Fornasier MR Binesh A de Denaro M 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(2):1085-1088
Environmental monitoring and indoor radon measurement are important for public health, to estimate the cancer risk of respiratory
system and, if necessary, to suggest proper methods that reduce indoor radon level. In this research, indoor radon concentration
in the air has been measured in 150 apartments in Mashhad city. The result demonstrates about 94.7% of apartments have radon
concentration less than 100 Bq/m3, taken by WHO as the action level, and 5.3% have the concentration higher than this level. As well as, annual radon dose
has been assessed using the equation for annual effective dose calculation introduced by United Nations Scientific Committee
on the Effects of Atomic Radiation. 相似文献
13.
Kitto ME 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2003,83(2):163-175
The New York State Department of Health has estimated and mappedradon concentrations for every town and city in the State. Sincefor many towns there are few indoor radon measurements, the radonestimates for these towns were determined using correlations to surficial geology. A project was conducted to target towns for additional measurements that currently have few data but, based on the surficial geology of the town, are estimated to have elevated levels of indoor radon. The objective of the project wasto obtain at least 30 additional measurements for the targeted towns and to compare the measurement results with the estimates based on geology. The study completed 1606 radon measurements from 9080 detector applications mailed to home owners in 94 underserved towns spread throughout the State. Of the 1115 basement measurements, 43% exceeded 148 Bq m-3, with a maximum of 6900 Bq m-3. Three homes measured in one town hadradon concentrations above 2900 Bq m-3. Of the 491 living-area measurements, 19% exceeded 148 Bq m-3, with a maximum of 2700 Bq m-3. About 60% and 86% of measurementresults were within one standard deviation and a factor of two,respectively, of estimated concentrations. Results indicate thatregardless of the magnitude of radon potential, the estimates arein good agreement with measured concentrations. 相似文献
14.
Mahmoud Mohammadyan Mahboobeh Ghoochani Itai Kloog Sabah Ahmed Abdul-Wahab Kaan Yetilmezsoy Behzad Heibati Krystal J. Godri Pollitt 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2017,189(5):235
The relationship between indoor and outdoor particulate air pollution was investigated at an urban background site on the Payambar Azam Campus of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences in Sari, Northern Iran. The concentration of particulate matter sized with a diameter less than 1 μm (PM1.0), 2.5 μm (PM2.5), and 10 μm (PM10) was evaluated at 5 outdoor and 12 indoor locations. Indoor sites included classrooms, corridors, and office sites in four university buildings. Outdoor PM concentrations were characterized at five locations around the university campus. Indoor and outdoor PM measurements (1-min resolution) were conducted in parallel during weekday mornings and afternoons. No difference found between indoor PM10 (50.1 ± 32.1 μg/m3) and outdoor PM10 concentrations (46.5 ± 26.0 μg/m3), indoor PM2.5 (22.6 ± 17.4 μg/m3) and outdoor PM2.5 concentration (22.2 ± 15.4 μg/m3), or indoor PM1.0 (14.5 ± 13.4 μg/m3) and outdoor mean PM1.0 concentrations (14.2 ± 12.3 μg/m3). Despite these similar concentrations, no correlations were found between outdoor and indoor PM levels. The present findings are not only of importance for the potential health effects of particulate air pollution on people who spend their daytime over a period of several hours in closed and confined spaces located at a university campus but also can inform regulatory about the improvement of indoor air quality, especially in developing countries. 相似文献
15.
Furquan Ahmad Ansari Altaf Husain Khan Devendra Kumar Patel Huma Siddiqui Shachi Sharma Mohammad Ashquin Iqbal Ahmad 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2010,170(1-4):491-497
In order to evaluate the exposure of the northern India rural population to polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) inhalation, indoor pollution was assessed by collecting and analyzing the respirable particulate matter PM2.5 and PM10 in several homes of the village Bhithauli near Lucknow, UP. The home selection was determined by a survey. Given the nature of biomass used for cooking, homes were divided into two groups, one using all kinds of biomass and the second type using plant materials only. Indoor mean concentrations of PM2.5 and associated PAHs during cooking ranged from 1.19 ± 0.29 to 2.38 ± 0.35 and 6.21 ± 1.54 to 12.43 ± 1.15 μg/m3, respectively. Similarly, PM10 and total PAHs were in the range of 3.95 ± 1.21 to 8.81 ± 0.78 and 7.75 ± 1.42 to 15.77 ± 1.05 μg/m3, respectively. The pollutant levels during cooking were significantly higher compared to the noncooking period. The study confirmed that indoor pollution depends on the kind of biomass fuel used for cooking. 相似文献
16.
Debajyoti Barooah Simi Barman Sarat Phukan 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(6):3581-3594
Radon and thoron, and their progeny concentrations along with equilibrium factors for gas progeny and radiological risks to the residents have been measured in dwellings of Digboi and Mashimpur areas located on anticlines during the winter season. In this present investigation, twin-cup dosemeters fitted with LR-115 (II) nuclear detectors have been employed. The present work has shown that there exist considerable house-to-house variations in values with maximum values in mud houses and minimum values in assam type (AT) houses. It has been found that mean (and geometric standard deviations (GSD)) radon concentrations are 83.8 (1.3), 113.5 (1.1) and 157.2 (1.2) Bq m?3 in AT, reinforced cement concrete (RCC) and mud houses in Digboi area and 63.0 (1.1), 87.1 (1.4) and 182.1 (1.2) Bq m?3 in AT, RCC and mud houses in Mashimpur area, respectively. The overall mean radon concentrations in Digboi and Mashimpur are estimated to be 114.4 (1.4) and 100.0 (1.7) Bq m?3. The mean radon concentrations are found to be less than the lower reference level of 200 Bq m?3 of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP 2007). The thoron concentrations in Digboi area are estimated to be 31.1 (1.3), 50.8 (1.4) and 67.0 (1.6) Bq m?3 in AT, RCC and mud houses, respectively, whereas in Mashimpur area, the thoron concentrations are estimated to be 26.4 (1.3), 44.4 (1.3) and 77.7 (1.3) Bq m?3 in AT, RCC and mud houses, respectively. The mean annual effective doses in Digboi area are found to be 1.9 (1.3), 2.7 (1.2) and 4.1 (1.4) mSv y?1 in AT, RCC and mud houses, respectively, while in the case of Mashimpur area, the mean annual effective doses are found to be 1.5 (1.4), 2.2 (1.2) and 4.9 (1.3) mSv y?1 in AT, RCC and mud houses, respectively. Nevertheless, the obtained results are much lower than the upper reference level of 10 mSv (ICRP 2007). 相似文献
17.
Kyung-Hwa Jung Francisco Artigas Jin Young Shin 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2011,173(1-4):555-567
This study measures the effect of emissions from an airport on the air quality of surrounding neighborhoods. The ambient concentrations of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and o-, m-, and p-xylene (BTEX) were measured using passive samplers at 15 households located close to the airport (indoor, outdoor, and personal), at the end of airport runways and an out-of-neighborhood location. Measurements occurred over a 48-h period during summer 2006 and winter 2006?C2007. The average concentrations were 0.84, 3.21, 0.30, 0.99, and 0.34 ??g/m3 at the airport runways and 0.84, 3.76, 0.39, 1.22, and 0.39 ??g/m3 in the neighborhood for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m-, p-, and o-xylene. The average neighborhood concentrations were not significantly different to those measured at the airport runways and were higher than the out-of-neighborhood location (0.48, 1.09, 0.15, 0.78, and 0.43 ??g/m3, each BTEX). B/T ratios were used as a tracer for emission sources and the average B/T ratio at the airport and outdoors were 0.20 and 0.23 for the summer and 0.40 and 0.42 for the winter, suggesting that both areas are affected by the same emission source. Personal exposure was closely related to levels in the indoor environment where subjects spent most of their time. Indoor/outdoor (I/O) ratios for BTEX ranged from 1.13 to 2.60 and 1.41 to 3.02 for summer and winter. The seasonal differences in I/O ratios reflected residential ventilation patterns, resulting in increased indoor concentrations of volatile organic compounds during winter. 相似文献
18.
Deswyn G. Marbaniang Raj K. Poddar Phlis Nongkynrih Darlando T. Khathing 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2010,162(1-4):347-353
The study was performed using a silicon surface barrier alpha spectrometer at Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India. Through the study, the observed 210Po activity in water sample from different locations in the Domiasiat area ranges from 0.04 to 0.69 Bq/l. The daily and annual intake of 210Po through water was also estimated and the mean value of 0.72 and 263.61 Bq, respectively, were observed. It is observed that the effective doses through water were higher than the World Health Organization recommended dose of 0.05 mSv/year. The total annual effective doses through terrestrial ingestion for all the locations was studied and the mean annual effective dose was observed to be 0.315 mSv, which, when compared to the worldwide and the Indian values, was observed to be slightly higher. The mean activity in soil is found to be 124.8 ±5.7 Bq/kg and in meat the activity is 0.43 ±0.05 Bq/kg. In fishes, an activity of 0.48 ±0.07 Bq/kg in Garra lamta, 0.29 ±0.02 Bq/kg in Neolissocheilus hexaganolepis, and 3.3 ±0.1 Bq/kg in Macrobrachium sp. is observed. Activity concentration in plant samples was analyzed and the activity ranges from 0.020 ±0.002 to 9.69 ±0.35 Bq/kg. Committed effective dose by the adult population of the Domiasiat area through intake of 210Po through these food items was also determined and compared with the Indian average value and the worldwide average value. 相似文献
19.
Indoor radon/thoron levels and inhalation doses to some populations in Himachal Pradesh, India 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
It is well established that some areas of Himachal Pradesh (H.P.) state of India situated in the environs of the Himalayan mountains are relatively rich in uranium-bearing minerals. Some earlier studies by our group have indicated high levels of radon (>200 Bq m(-3)) in the dwellings. It is in this context that an indoor radon/thoron survey has been carried out in selected villages of four districts in the state of H.P. This survey has been conducted as a part of a national, coordinated project using twin chamber dosemeter cups designed by the Environmental Assessment Division (EAD), Department of Atomic Energy, Govt. of India. The track-etch technique is used for calibration of plastic detector LR-115 type-II which are employed for recording alpha tracks due to radon/thoron and their daughters. Year long radon/thoron data have been collected for seasonal correlations of indoor radon/thoron in the dwellings. The indoor radon levels have been found to vary from a minimum value of 17.4 Bq m(-3) to a maximum value of 140.3 Bq m(-3). The indoor thoron levels vary from a minimum value of 5.2 Bq m(-3) to a maximum value of 131.9 Bq m(-3). The year average dose rate for the local population varies from 0.03 microSv h(-1) to 0.83 microSv h(-1). The annual exposure dose to inhabitants in all the dwellings lies below the upper limit of 10 mSv given in ICRP-65. 相似文献