开口散射器对滤筒除尘清灰性能影响的数值模拟

借助计算流体力学的方法,编写自定义压力函数(UDF),采用二维非稳态流动数学模型对滤筒除尘器脉冲喷吹清灰过程进行了数值模拟,研究开口散射器锥角、安装高度、喷吹距离等因素对滤筒除尘器脉冲清灰效果的影响,为滤筒除尘器清灰系统的优化设计提供依据。结果表明:相较传统的清灰方式,增加开口散射器结构能有效改善滤筒除尘器内部清灰流场均匀性和滤筒侧壁压力分布均匀性,提高除尘效率。当开口散射器锥角减小时,清灰强度存在最大值,而滤筒侧壁清灰压力趋向不均匀化;散射器锥角一定,安装高度为0 mm时,滤筒侧壁压力峰值的平均值由853Pa增大到999Pa,偏差由2.45%降低到1.25%,既能够保证足够大的清灰强度也能使滤筒清灰均匀性得到有效改善;在其他因素不变的情况下,增大喷吹距离,滤筒清灰强度减小,清灰均匀性增大,清灰装置存在最佳的喷吹距离范围。     

滤筒式除尘器的改进及在白云石除尘中的应用

反吹风袋式除尘器存在运行阻力高、滤袋寿命短、排放浓度高等缺点.论述了利用改进滤筒、增设导流装置等一系列技术措施,提高滤筒式除尘器技术性能,从而用滤筒除尘技术对反吹风除尘器进行改造达到节能减排的效果.     

卧式滤筒除尘器的气流组织模拟研究

为了研究卧式滤筒除尘器内部气流的不均匀性问题,采用计算流体动力学软件Fluent对卧式滤筒除尘器内部气流组织进行数值模拟研究。参考目前市面上常见卧式除尘器,设计有、无挡板的2种卧式滤筒除尘器模型,通过分析2种模型下过滤过程的速度分布和滤筒流量分配情况得出:在无挡板模型下存在射流冲刷、气流分布不均等问题,而在进风口加设挡板能解决气流冲刷问题,滤筒流量分配得到明显改善;在相同滤室高度下分别对挡板角度为150°,160°,165°,170°,175°,180°对比发现,挡板角度在165°~170°时其内部气流组织能达到均匀标准。     

喷吹压力和脉冲宽度对脉冲喷吹滤筒除尘器清灰效果的影响

无粉尘条件下,利用压力传感器测定脉冲喷吹实验台上滤筒侧壁各测点的正压力峰值及到达该峰值的时间.结果表明,喷吹压力对正压力峰值及到达该峰值的时间这两个指标的影响较大,提高喷吹压力能够很好地改善脉冲喷吹滤筒除尘器的清灰性能,但脉冲宽度的增加对这两个指标的影响不明显.有粉尘条件下,对使用中的脉冲滤筒除尘器滤筒内外压差的测定发现,提高喷吹压力能明显增加喷吹前和喷吹瞬间滤筒内外压差的差值变化,从而有助于提高除尘器的清灰性能; 而脉冲宽度对滤筒内外压差的影响不明显.本文通过对除尘器喷吹压力和脉冲宽度的研究,为其清灰性能的提高提供了指导.     

滤筒式除尘器的改进及在白云石生产中的应用

介绍了利用改进滤筒，增加导流装置等一系列技术措施，提高滤筒式除尘器性能，使之应用于轻烧白云石除尘系统，实践表明，设备运行稳定，效果良好。     

脉冲清灰喷吹气流偏斜的优化研究

为研究改善除尘滤筒清灰过程中喷吹气流偏斜的问题,通过在多孔喷吹管上安装混流喷嘴,在滤筒迎流面和背流面6个测点分别安装压力传感器,测试不同喷吹压力和喷吹距离下的侧壁压力峰值.结果 表明:安装混流喷嘴后,在最优喷吹压力0.4 MPa实验条件下,滤筒迎流面一侧与背流面一侧的压力峰值差距减小,压力动态波形图相似,清灰更加均匀,...     

滤筒式除尘器的脉冲清灰噪声测试及分析

滤筒除尘器在使用过程中需要通过脉冲喷吹清灰来维持本身的正常运行,脉冲喷吹是以压缩空气为清灰动力,运行过程中势必会产生噪声,其在一些噪声有限值要求的场合,如空调净化系统中使用时,必须考虑降低噪声以达到相关噪声限值的要求。对滤筒除尘器在脉冲喷吹清灰时产生的噪声做了测试,并与空调净化系统中的噪声限值做了对比分析,提出了滤筒除尘器在空调净化系统中使用时对脉冲喷吹清灰噪声控制的具体而有效的解决办法。     

《冶金矿山粉尘治理》四项成果鉴定会在马鞍山市召开

国家计委下达的由冶金部马鞍山矿山研究院等单位承担的《冶金矿山粉尘治理》课题现已完成,该课题包括四项成果:“DLCC 型电滤筒除尘器”“SLC-T 型湿式滤筒除尘器”“DKFC 型电脑快速采样器”“MY-D 型轻便粉尘采样器”。     

滤筒式除尘器的开发与应用

滤筒式除尘器具有体积小、效率高、操作简便等优点，已在很多行业成功应用。     

脉冲滤筒除尘器对超细粉体净化的实验研究

随着工业的快速发展,空气中颗粒污染物的含量和种类越来越多,不仅对人体健康造成危害,颗粒污染还对能见度、气候、动植物均有影响,寻找合适的除尘设备,提高对微细粉尘的除尘效率,对安全和环境保护有着重要而深远的意义。该文利用脉冲滤筒除尘器对粒径分布为0.5-5μm的超细粉体进行净化实验。测试了除尘器净化效率、除尘器阻力及过滤风速等主要性能参数。实验结果说明:脉冲滤筒除尘器对于粒径为0.5-5μm超细粉体,在过滤风速为0.8-1.25m/min时,除尘器阻力小于300Pa,净化效率达99.9999%。得到结论:滤筒除尘器具有高除尘效率,低阻力损失,节约除尘系统的动力消耗的优点,有利于在超细粉体净化工艺中的应用。     

以Cu-ZSM-5为催化剂乙烯选择性催化还原烟气脱硝的试验研究

介绍了采用乙烯作为还原气体、Cu-ZSM-5为催化剂的烟气脱硝工艺流程.首先,研究了催化剂的制备方法,Na-ZSM-5分子筛作为催化剂载体,用浸渍法制成了不同负载量的Cu-ZSM-5分子筛催化剂.其次,研究了培烧条件对催化剂活性的影响,包括反应温度、气体流速以及反应气中O2的浓度等催化还原反应工艺参数.最后,研究了掺杂Ce4+离子对Cu-ZSM-5分子筛的活性影响.     

Dustiness in workplace safety and explosion protection – Review and outlook

Behavior of dust/air mixtures is very complex and difficult to predict since it depends on material properties as well as boundary conditions. Without other influences airborne particles deposit due to gravity but the time it takes for total deposition as well as easiness of resurrection depends very much on the specific dust sample and the boundary conditions. It still lacks a complete understanding of all interacting reasons and one approach is using experimentally determined characteristics, one is named dustiness.Dustiness is the tendency of dust to form clouds and to stay airborne. Dustiness is determined with two basic principles, which are light attenuation and ratio of filled-in and measured mass. Assessment of dustiness of industrial powders has been done for a long time regarding work place safety. Dustiness is used there to determine inhalable fraction and to evaluate health risks. Lately it became interesting in dust explosion protection as well. Dustiness could be used to optimize determination of zones, adaption of venting area and/or for positioning of suppression systems.Dustiness can be useful in many ways but is not a physical property of dusts, therefore it depends on material properties such as density, particle size distribution, shape and water content as well as boundary conditions or determination method. This makes it very difficult to compare dustiness for different techniques and apparatuses and determination method as well as results should be considered carefully. This work gives an overview of existing standards, recent research and suggests improvements to the new dustiness as proposed for dust explosion protection.     

化工园区安全风险容量探讨

探讨并提出化工园区安全风险容量的内涵,从量化风险的角度论述区域安全风险容量;以个人风险、社会风险和潜在生命损失值作为化工园区风险容量分析的指标,并给出风险计算的模型和风险标准;对园区内企业生产规模、运输量与安全风险容量的关系进行讨论,认为企业生产规模的扩大可能不增加固定危险源的风险,但直接增加运输风险;给出了化工园区的现状及规划新建项目的安全容量的具体确定程序;以某化工园区为应用实例对安全风险容量进行分析和说明。     

Safety climate: Leading or lagging indicator of safety outcomes?

This paper theorizes how and why safety climate can be conceived as both a leading and a lagging indicator of safety events (i.e., accidents, injuries). When safety climate is conceived as a leading indicator, a prospective design is utilized and safety climate data are correlated with accidents/injuries that occur in the future. When safety climate is conceived as a lagging indicator, retrospective designs are used in which safety climate data are correlated with prior accidents/injuries. We examine the research literature to reveal that safety climate has been investigated as both a leading and a lagging indicator, but it is usually only examined as one or the other within a given study and has been examined as a lagging indicator most frequently. Consistent with our theorizing, prospective designs yield stronger relationships than retrospective designs, suggesting that safety climate is a better leading indicator than lagging indicator; however, it is clearly both. Implications for safety climate research and study design are discussed.     

对安全人性化需求规律的研究

以人为本是现代安全管理的重要原则 ,在生产经营活动中 ,保障人的生命更安全、更健康 ,生活更幸福 ,既是安全管理的重要目的 ,也是人类生活的必然需求。但是 ,人民提高生命质量的安全需求是多方面的、复杂的。通过对人类生存、繁衍和发展的历史进行深入分析发现 ,人的安全需求与马斯洛的层次需求理论有相似之处 ,虽然内涵不同 ,但需求总是由低层次向高层次发展 ,当一种低层需求得到满足后 ,更高层次的需求就占据支配地位 ,成为人的行为激励因素。笔者从人性化的角度对安全需求层次类型、每一层次的特征、发展规律进行了探讨 ,其结果有助于安全管理有针对性、科学性、时效性地进行宏观决策和微观调控 ,也有助于更好地增加安全投入 ,从而提高安全生产水平。把握人性化需求规律 ,对保护人们在生产过程中的安全和健康 ,处理好人的生命价值与安全生产、经济效益、社会效益之间的关系 ,有重要的现实意义。     

Understanding and assessing safety culture through the lens of organizational management of uncertainty

The management of uncertainties is discussed as a key challenge for organizations and two approaches to handling uncertainties are introduced, i.e. minimizing uncertainties versus coping with uncertainties. The analysis of rules as for instance laid out in standard operating procedures is suggested as one method for identifying the approach to uncertainty management chosen in a particular organization. Given advantages and disadvantages of both approaches to uncertainty management, loose coupling is discussed as a way of balancing the two approaches and a conceptualization of safety culture as a means for loose coupling is proposed. One of the central controversies underlying discussions on designing organizations for safety, i.e. the relationship between autonomy and safety, is expanded upon in order to deepend the understanding of different design strategies within the framework of uncertainty management. Finally, it is argued that the role and importance of safety culture differs depending on the chosen approach to uncertainty management, requiring that any safety culture assessment is preceeded by an assessment of the fit between the uncertainties an organization is confronted with and the chosen forms of handling these uncertainties. Methods for carrying out these assessments are suggested.     

安全评价单元及其划分的有效性分析

安全评价单元正确划分的目的是为了简化评价工作又避免评价漏项;也是为了提高不同定性、定量评价方法的应用准确性;更是为了得出单元危险度的比较概念,突出评价对象的系统危害特征,同时不夸大整体危险性。从而提高评价精确度,以合理估算安全投入,以及强化对策措施的针对性。笔者围绕评价单元确定过程出现的问题进行理论分析,促进安全评价技术研究交流,以提高该技术的实用性和有效性。     

Process analysis of an industrial waste-to-energy plant: Theory and experiments

Thermal conversion is fundamental in an integrated waste management system due to the capability of reducing mass and volume of waste and recovering energy content from unrecyclable materials. Indeed, power generation from industrial solid wastes (ISW) is a topic of great interest for its appeal in the field of renewable energy production as well as for an increasing public concern related to its emissions. This paper is based on the process engineering and optimization analysis, commissioned to the University Campus-Biomedico of Rome by the MIDA Tecnologie Ambientali S.r.l. enterprise, ended up in the construction of an ISW thermo-conversion plant in Crotone (Southern Italy), where it is nowadays operating. The scientific approach to the process analysis is founded on a novel cascade numerical simulation of each plant section and it has been used initially in the process design step and after to simulate the performances of the industrial plant. In this paper, the plant process scheme is described together with the values of main operating parameters monitored during the experimental test runs. The thermodynamic and kinetic basics of the mathematical model for the simulation of the energy recovery and flue gas treatment sections are presented. Moreover, the simulation results, together with the implemented parameters, are given and compared to the experimental data for 10 specific plant test runs. It was found that the model is capable to predict the process performances in the energy production as well as in the gas treatment sections with high accuracy by knowing a set of measurable input variables. In the paper fundamental plant variables have been considered such as steam temperature, steam flow rate, power generated as well as temperature, flow rate and composition of the resulting flue gas; therefore, the mathematical model can be simply implemented as a reliable and efficient tool for management optimization of this kind of plants.     

Fuzzy risk assessment of oil and gas offshore wells

Risk evaluation of offshore wells is a challenging task, given that much of the available data is highly uncertain and vague, and many of the mechanisms are complex and difficult to understand. Consequently, a systematic approach is required to handle both quantitative and qualitative data as well as means to update existing information when new knowledge and data become available. Each Basic Risk Item (BRI) in a hierarchical framework is expressed as a fuzzy number, which is a combination of the likelihood of a failure event and the associated failure consequence. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) is used to estimate weights required for grouping non-commensurate risk sources. Evidential Reasoning (ER) is employed to incorporate new data for updating existing risk estimates. It is envisaged that the proposed approach could serve as a basis for benchmarking acceptable risks in offshore wells.     

硫脲紫外退色分光光度法测水中余氯

氯氧化硫脲使硫脲退色.一定条件下,硫脲紫外吸收的降低与水中余氯浓度成正比.依据这一特性建立了硫脲紫外退色分光光度法测定水中余氯的新方法.在pH值为1～6介质中,选择237 nm作为测定波长,则氯浓度在0～8.0 mg/L范围服从比尔定律.检测限为O.015 mg/L,水中常见的离子不干扰测定.该法用于自来水、游泳池水等样品中余氯浓度的测定,快速简便,加标回收率在98%～103%之间.