乡镇工业职业卫生服务与初级卫生保健相结合初探

针对我国乡镇工业职业卫生面临的“高需求、低服务”。以及与农村初级卫生保健(PHC)相脱节问题。提出实施乡镇企业职业卫生与PHC相结合的必要性和迫切性。结合WHO职业卫生合作中心(上海)在华东地区的试点探索,提出两者结合的内容和方式的若干设想,强调从更新观念全面认识PHC和把职业卫生与安全作为PHC组成部分入手,深入实践,共同为卫生部领导下的全国性探索作贡献。     

澳大利亚职业眼睛健康管理

在由于从事具有眼睛伤害风险工作而导致的职业眼睛健康问题之外,随着新兴技术的发展,工作场所电子设备的长时间使用也会导致电脑视觉综合症（CVS）等职业眼睛健康问题。本文主要介绍了澳大利亚职业眼睛健康管理的方法,包括职业眼睛健康风险、单位与职工的职责、预防措施等．以对我国职业眼睛健康风险进行有效管理提供帮助。     

关于进一步完善我国作业场所职业卫生监管机制的研究

在研究分析我国作业场所职业卫生监管现状,学习和借鉴国外成功经验的基础上,针对我国当前作业场所职业卫生监管工作机制存在的主要不足,提出从4个方面进一步完善我国作业场所职业卫生监管工作机制的建议,即\"建立涵盖职业安全卫生内容的三方协商机制;完善职业卫生法律法规与标准体系;确立国家监察、企业负责、中介服务、群众监督、劳动者遵章守纪的职业卫生监管工作机制;完善作业场所职业卫生监管相关的若干保障体系\".笔者有针对性地提出4方面建议,以期为政府主管部门学习和借鉴国际通常做法提供参考,进一步提高我国作业场所职业卫生监管的水平,从而实现我国作业场所职业卫生监管工作的有序与高效的发展.     

Occupational Safety Culture Index (OSCI)——measuring the community and employees awareness,attitude and knowledge towards workplace safety and health in Hong Kong SAR

Promoting occupational safety and health in Hong Kong,Special Administrative Region of China is an important and ongoing mission. As the major organization with statutory responsibilities,the Occupational Safety and Health Council understand the importance to strengthen and cultivate our safety culture. It is widely believed that numbers of occupational related diseases and injuries could be prevented with the improvement of the awareness and attitudes of the employees and the public. Therefore,a comprehensive and in-depth study to monitor the occupational health and safety level and status of the community and working population is needed. Objectives: Our Council has developed the Occupational Safety Culture Index ( OSCI) to measure the current level of community and workplace safety and health awareness,knowledge and attitude. Benchmarking measures of the key safety performance indicators are to be derived thereof. Methods: A territory-wide random telephone survey was conducted to assess the community and employees’awareness,attitude and knowledge in 2008. A structured questionnaire was designed with the content validity and reliability assessed before the survey administration. A series of quality control approaches were also applied to assure the quality of the fieldwork and the reliability of the data. Results: 1,531 eligible participants’data were collected and computed into 2 types of composite indices,Occupational Safety Culture Index ( Community) ( OSCIC) and Occupational Safety Culture Index (Workplace) (OSCIW) . With the maximum score of index at 100,the overall score of OSCIC is 66. 9 and the OSCIW is 61. 3 in Hong Kong. Achievements: OSCI served as an effective management tool to measure the safety culture in Hong Kong. With a representative sample and high quality study control and validated assessment approaches,the OSCI and the sub-indices are reliable indicators to assess the effectiveness of safety culture enhancement strategy and the OSH intervention measures.     

突发公共卫生事件下地铁安检员需求预测模型

为准确预测突发公共卫生事件发生时期地铁临时安检员需求量,以突发事件应急分级响应为研究视角,在疲劳预测模型和病毒易感度模型基础上,提出公共卫生事件发生时期地铁临时安检员需求预测模型,并以北京积水潭地铁站为例进行分析验证。研究结果表明:原有地铁安检人员配置在应对突发公共卫生事件时明显不足,很难高效完成公共卫生事件防控任务;在安检员需求预测方面,按累积疲劳分测算时,临时安检员需求量显著降低,但存在应急能力不足的风险;按工作时段测算时,临时安检员需求量较高,但安检员日累积疲劳分较低,具备高效应对突发事件的能力。     

医务人员职业健康危害及其关键控制环节

通过查阅、分析大量文献,结合实际工作经验,系统阐述了医务人员面临的主要职业危害因素,并针对我国医务人员职业危害现状和防治工作中存在的主要问题,提出防治关键环节和措施.分析表明:我国医务人员职业暴露危害严重;医务人员的生命质量和平均寿命低于普通人群;医院职业卫生立法和技术标准滞后;防治措施不力,医务人员职业健康权益得不到有效保护.同时指出对医务人员职业危害防治的关键措施:必须通过加强科学研究、制定法规标准、建设医院安全文化、加强宣传教育和培训、推广免疫接种和防护技术、科学设计工作流程、加强心理疏导等关键措施,有效防治医务人员职业健康危害.     

Occupational Health Care in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises—Introduction of Services to Craftsmen by Using Their Professional Networks

In order to ensure equality of occupational health care among employees of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and of larger companies, amendments in the regulations of the numerous German accident insurance funds had to be made to provide for full availability of services, as requested by German and European law. According to these amendments, sectors formerly exempted due to small size and due to lack of an adequate number of qualified personnel, had to be covered by occupational health care. In order to reach this target group new strategies of care delivery had to be developed, making use of pre-existing infrastructure and networks.

In Germany, district trade association (Kreishandwerkerschaften) have proved to be very effective for introducing occupational safety and health care into SMEs by either hiring external multidisciplinary services or by establishing a common service to be used by all associated crafts establishments. In a study conducted by the Federal Office for Health and Safety at Work in 1996 (Boldt, Gille, &Grahl, 1997), 7 district trade association were looked at in detail for their strategies. The results were discussed and supplemented in a 2-day workshop.     

关于完善《中华人民共和国基本医疗卫生与健康促进法（草案三次审议稿）》的思考与建议:基于劳动力健康视角

基于劳动力健康视角,研究近期公开征求意见的《中华人民共和国基本医疗卫生与健康促进法(草案三次审议稿)》,为进一步完善提供技术支撑。依据循证决策的原理,针对法律草案的相关内容,梳理研究涉及劳动力人群和职业健康的国内外法律和实践。研究结果表明:保障劳动力健康的有关表述,在法律草案的总则、基本医疗卫生服务、医疗卫生机构、医疗卫生人员、健康促进5章仍需要强化,为此提出了14条具体建议和修改意见。