煤矿安全文化对员工行为安全影响作用的实证研究

通过将煤矿安全文化看作由安全目标、安全承诺、安全规程、安全激励、安全培训和安全沟通这6个要素构成,利用3个矿业集团289份矿工的问卷调查数据,运用结构方程模型(SEM)方法,实证研究了煤矿安全文化对员工行为安全的影响作用。研究表明:煤矿安全文化通过员工安全能力和安全动机对员工的安全服从行为和安全参与行为具有显著的影响作用,然而不同安全文化要素的影响途径和影响作用是不同的;员工安全能力和安全动机对员工的服从行为和参与行为都具有直接的正向影响作用;安全激励对员工安全服从行为、安全沟通对员工参与行为存在直接正向影响作用。     

安全领导、安全动机与安全行为的结构方程模型

为进一步探索员工安全行为路径,寻求可能的行为管理切入点,在文献研究基础上,结合自我决定理论(SDT)和开放式访谈方法,构建安全行为形成机理模型。以煤矿矿工为对象进行问卷调查,采用结构方程模型(SEM)验证假设。结果表明:交易型安全领导与德行垂范对受控安全动机具有显著正向影响,个性化关怀、愿景激励和领袖魅力对自主安全动机具有正向影响;受控安全动机对安全任务行为具有显著预测作用,而自主安全动机对员工安全任务行为和安全公民行为均具有显著预测作用;个体因果定向在"安全领导-安全动机"关系中的调节作用显著;例外管理和个性化关怀分别对受控和自主安全动机的整体影响系数较大。制度契约和关系契约结合是提升行为安全水平的重要途径。     

安全文化对企业安全绩效影响的元分析

为探究安全文化对企业安全绩效的作用机制，分析安全文化在不同维度对安全绩效的影响程度，通过元分析整合56项实证研究，包括59个独立样本，剖析安全文化、安全氛围、安全动机、安全绩效之间的作用关系。研究结果表明：1)安全文化正向影响安全绩效，安全制度文化对安全绩效的影响作用最大；2)安全氛围、安全动机在安全文化与安全绩效之间起中介作用；3)在高风险型企业或发达国家中安全文化对安全绩效的影响更为显著。     

用安全文化提升安全发展正能量——我省安全文化示范企业透视

企业安全文化是企业安全生产的核心、灵魂,它是企业为了安全生产所创造的文化．是安全价值观和安全行为准则的总和,是保护员工身心健康、尊重员工生命、实现员工价值的文化,是得到企业每个员工接受、认同并自觉遵守的共同安全价值观。     

安全管理中的综合激励模型研究

为进一步提升安全管理质量效益,将综合激励理论引入安全管理问题研究,以波特-劳勒激励模型为理论基础,对安全管理的激励原则进行研究,并对激励模型中的作用关系进行量化分析,结合优化理论,建立满足员工个体需求及企业激励效度最大化的安全管理激励模型,为科学制定安全管理的综合激励方案提供方法途径。     

安全激励对具从众动机的建筑工人不安全行为的干预作用

为了研究安全激励对具有从众动机的建筑工人不安全行为的干预作用，识别建筑工人不安全行为的影响及干预因素，分别对具有从众动机的建筑工人不安全行为发生机理、安全奖励和安全惩罚的干预机理进行假定。基于调研数据，采用SPSS和AMOS工具展开模型拟合。研究结果表明:安全激励对建筑工人不安全行为有一定的干预作用；奖励对从众动机建筑工人的安全动机的端正产生0.108的正向影响、对安全能力的提升产生0.121的正向影响；惩罚对从众动机的建筑工人的安全心理健康产生0.140的正向影响、对安全知识的学习产生0.250的正向影响。基于此，提出预防具有从众动机的建筑工人不安全行为的有效措施。     

安全管理中“重处罚轻激励”问题的博弈分析

针对我国各行各业安全管理中存在“重处罚轻激励”问题,将博弈理论运用于安全管理者和员工间的激励机制,得出“安全管理者和员工都需要激励,激励运用在安全管理中可以有效的强化员工的安全行为,弱化不安全行为,从而更有利于安全生产”的结论。再通过对违章员工和安全管理者双方混合策略的博弈分析,得出“若要降低员工违章发生率,只加重违章员工的处罚,短期可以抑制违章率,长期反而会使安全管理者变得懒惰不履行职责,因此必须同时加强对安全管理者的激励管理”的结论。最终得出“激励是一种有效的安全管理方法,而处罚作为一种负激励,使用时需要注重其力度”的结论。     

企业安全激励机制的博弈分析

从管理的角度提出安全激励的方法,介绍了激励的定义及其在安全管理中的作用.以委托代理原理为基础对激励方和被激励方之间关系进行了博弈分析,分别建立了有监督机制的静态博弈模型和竞争机制的动态博弈模型.通过对两种模型求解纳什均衡和分析均衡状态,论证了监督博弈模型和竞争博弈模型的可行性,认为监督和竞争机制更能有效地提高激励效率,得出影响激励效率的相关因素.有针对性提出具体要求和措施,认为应该制定符合员工需求的并在满足企业利益前提下最大化的奖励条件,降低监察成本,开展竞争制度,排除影响激励进行的外在干扰因素和制定合理的完善的激励制度,以提高员工安全生产的积极性.     

员工安全参与行为对事故的影响作用研究

为揭示员工安全参与行为与事故的关系,运用结构方程模型(SEM)以及4个企业基层员工和管理人员的739个有效样本数据,实证分析员工安全参与行为与安全氛围、安全知识、安全动机、安全依从行为、事故间的多层影响关系及其中介作用,总结员工安全参与行为对事故的影响作用特点。研究表明:安全氛围、安全知识、安全动机在员工安全参与行为与安全依从行为间具有部分中介作用;安全依从行为对事故有直接影响,安全参与行为对事故的影响需要通过其他变量的中介,特别是通过安全依从行为的中介。     

鹤煤集团安全理念提升方法

总结鹤煤集团近年来在提升以安全理念为核心的安全文化方面值得推广的经验与做法。分析了公司推行的追求＂文明＂的安全目标理念、＂责任重于泰山＂的安全责任理念、尊重客观规律的安全风险理念、事故背后有故事的安全防范理念、赛马机制下的＂两条腿走路＂理念、＂木桶理论＂下的螺旋上升理念、系统工程论的齐抓共管理念以及以＂管理为中心＂的持续改进理念的理论和内涵,总结了以这八条理念为核心的安全文化建设与保障措施。最后进行实施效果的定量评估,共抽样分析179名员工,发现全部安全理念内容都有不同程度的提高。成果有助于类似煤矿企业树立安全理念、更好的建立安全文化,提高员工安全素质。     

安全信息认知对心理安全感的作用机理研究

为揭示安全信息认知对员工心理安全感的影响，把握信息时代背景下心理安全感的研究趋势。基于安全信息认知的背景与特征，构建心理安全感的安全信息认知流程模型。通过描述安全信息对心理安全感的影响机理，从需要、动机、意识、期望剖析心理安全感的安全信息认知动力，归纳心理安全感的安全信息认知偏好，并从风险管控、安全氛围、安全管理落地、安全防护措施设计、员工安全生产积极性方面论述心理安全感在企业的应用对策。研究表明，员工安全信息认知对其心理安全感具有重要影响，是引起心理安全感波动的关键因素，也为心理安全感在企业的应用提供指导。     

The “social-physiology” of safety. An integrative approach to understanding organisational psychological mechanisms behind safety performance

This paper aims at contributing to a comprehensive perspective on occupational safety by integrating research on different specific organisational psychological concepts found to contribute to different types of organisational performance, and apply these to an occupational safety context. A second aim was to present perspectives on how occupational safety may be promoted within an organization. The following mechanisms are suggested. A leadership style promoting co-operation, inspiring, fostering group goals, as well as providing individualized support and empowering workers may intrinsically be expected to comprise rich and open communication and thus support the development of high-quality interactions between managers and employees. Such interaction and communication may promote the development of mutual trust, and the development of a good workgroup climate. Trust, in turn, may further promote communication and interaction. Mutual trust, high-quality relations, and a strong group climate may promote workers’ motivation and intentions to contribute to the organisational goals. Managers successful in demonstrating true and consistent priority of workers’ safety may promote the development of workers’ trust but also convince that safety is a prime organisational goal. This may promote workers’ motivation to behave safely. Trustful relations characterized by empowerment and participation are then likely also to support the realization of safety intentions into safe behavior.     

Transformational and passive leadership as cross-level moderators of the relationships between safety knowledge,safety motivation,and safety participation

IntroductionWhile safety knowledge and safety motivation are well-established predictors of safety participation, less is known about the impact of leadership styles on these relationships.MethodThe purpose of the current study was to examine whether the positive relationships between safety knowledge and motivation and safety participation are contingent on transformational and passive forms of safety leadership.ResultsUsing multilevel modeling with a sample of 171 employees nested in 40 workgroups, we found that transformational safety leadership strengthened the safety knowledge–participation relationship, whereas passive leadership weakened the safety motivation–participation relationship.ConclusionsUnder low transformational leadership, safety motivation was not related to safety participation; under high passive leadership, safety knowledge was not related to safety participation.Practical ApplicationsThese results are discussed in light of organizational efforts to increase safety-related citizenship behaviors.     

Drivers' opinions of enforcement and incentive strategies to promote safety belt use

During a nationwide campaign to promote safety belt use among military personnel, a field study was conducted at 12 military bases in the Netherlands. Enforcement and incentive programs were varied among military bases. A written survey was administered to personnel of these bases. The survey contained items concerning reported belt use, motivation to use a safety belt, attitudes toward legislation, public information, enforcement and incentive strategies, and awareness of the campaign. The results showed that enforcement was clearly a better accepted countermeasure than rewarding drivers for the use of safety belts. Respondents from bases exposed to the incentive treatment tend to have relatively more positive opinions of incentives than those exposed to the enforcement treatment. Two independent dimensions were present in the response patterns: one representing opinions of enforcement and the other of incentives/rewards.     

安全氛围对矿工生活的外溢效应比较研究

围绕社会影响理论、煤矿安全氛围、外溢效应的内涵,通过资料分析和计量统计方法,甄别出社会影响动机主要包含3种动机、煤矿安全氛围主要包含7大因素、外溢效应主要包含3种方式,经分析制定社会影响动机下煤矿安全氛围对矿工生活的外溢效应调研问卷,对4个煤矿260名矿工展开调研。运用SPSS17.0和AMOS7.0,从以下2个方面进行比较研究:未考虑社会动机下煤矿安全氛围对矿工生活外溢效应进行潜变量路径分析;加入社会影响动机后煤矿安全氛围对矿工生活外溢效应进行回归分析。     

The effect of first aid training on Australian construction workers' occupational health and safety motivation and risk control behavior

METHOD: A 24-week experiment was conducted to assess how first aid training affects the motivation of small business construction industry employees in avoiding occupational injuries and illnesses and its effect on their occupational health and safety behavior. A simplified multiple baseline design across workplace settings was used to evaluate the effects of first aid training. Participants' motivation to control occupational safety and health risks was explored during in-depth interviews before and after receipt of first aid training. Objective measurement of occupational safety and health behavior was conducted by a researcher directly observing the workplace before and after participants received first aid training. RESULTS: The observations at participants' worksites suggested that, for the most part, the first aid training had a positive effect on the occupational safety and health behavior of participants. First aid training appeared to reduce participants' "self--other" bias, making them more aware that their own experience of occupational safety and health risks is not beyond their control but that their own behavior is an important factor in the avoidance of occupational injury and illness. First aid training also appeared to reduce participants' willingness to accept prevailing levels of occupational safety and health risk and increase the perceived probability that they would suffer a work-related injury or illness. Participants expressed greater concern about taking risks at work after receiving first aid training. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: It appears that first aid training enhances participants' motivation to avoid occupational injuries and illnesses and improves their risk control behavior. The implications of this are that first aid training can have a positive preventive effect and could complement traditional occupational health and safety training programs. As such, there may be benefit in providing first aid training to all employees rather than limiting this training to a small number of designated "first aiders."     

物流企业员工安全参与行为演化路径研究

为确定影响物流企业员工安全参与行为的因素与演化路径,推动对物流企业员工的安全监管,在员工和物流企业具有有限理性的前提下,从物流企业与员工之间的博弈机理出发,构建了员工安全参与行为的演化博弈模型。采用系统动力学方法分析模型的演化趋势,通过数值仿真分析物流企业员工安全参与行为及演化路径。结果表明,奖励力度、惩罚力度等参数影响着员工策略的变化,物流企业可加大对员工不积极参与安全行为的处罚力度,并适当提高奖励力度,从而提高员工的参与安全活动的积极性;物流企业还应建立奖励与惩戒相结合的管理制度,同时通过技术创新降低监督成本,实现对员工安全的有效监管。     

安全系统思想内涵及其应用研究*——探讨用安全系统思想实现城市安全发展

为了利用安全科学理论解决城市安全中的现实问题,探讨用安全系统思想实现城 市安全这一复杂系统动态安全,基于安全“三元分形双系统”原理,开展了安全系统思 想内涵及其应用研究。基于安全系统思想内涵,通过分析归纳、总结概括的方法,提出 了用安全系统思想实现城市安全发展这种复杂系统动态安全的关键技术和思路。并结合 城市安全的具体特点,提出了安全发展城市建设的基本步骤。结果显示,用安全系统思 想实现复杂系统动态安全,指导城市安全发展是可行的。     

煤炭企业差序格局下员工安全行为路径研究*

为促进煤炭企业员工安全行为,减少生产安全事故,基于差序格局理论、资源保存理论和自我决定理论,构建差序式领导、组织认同、安全动机和员工安全行为的链式中介模型。通过路径检验和Bootstrap方法,对367名煤炭企业基层员工的有效问卷数据进行统计分析,探讨激发员工安全行为的有效路径。研究结果表明:煤炭企业中的差序式领导可正向影响员工安全遵从行为和安全参与行为,且对安全参与行为的促进作用更强;组织认同和安全动机在差序式领导与员工安全遵从行为、安全参与行为的关系中存在独立中介和链式中介作用,且相较于组织认同,安全动机的独立中介作用更强。研究结果可为建立合理的差序标准、采取适度偏私手段提供参考。