改性甘蔗渣对染料吸附行为的研究

以甘蔗渣为基质,环氧氯丙烷为改性剂制备了一种新型吸附剂,用红外光谱、扫描电镜分析了其表面特征。研究了溶液初始p H值、染料浓度、吸附时间、盐浓度对刚果红(CR)染料吸附行为的影响。结果表明,改性吸附剂对刚果红(CR)的最大吸附量为108.9 mg/g,为未改性吸附剂的2.1倍,吸附平衡时间为1.5 h;染料与吸附剂通过静电引力实现吸附,吸附平衡为Langmuir单分子层化学吸附,符合准二级动力学模型;当Na Cl的浓度低于0.8g/L时,对刚果红(CR)吸附影响不大。     

巯基修饰竹粉生物吸附剂对Cd(Ⅱ)的吸附性能

以楠竹竹粉(BP)为原料,经氢氧化钠预处理,再由巯基乙酸化学改性制备两种新型竹粉生物吸附剂SBP和TBP,对其结构进行了红外表征。考察了溶液pH值、温度、吸附剂量和吸附时间对SBP和TBP吸附Cd(Ⅱ)性能的影响,研究了其吸附动力学和等温吸附模型。结果表明,pH值和吸附剂用量对吸附率影响显著,温度降低更有利于吸附的进行。吸附动力学可用准二级动力学方程描述,吸附过程为化学吸附所控制。SBP和TBP对Cd(Ⅱ)的吸附行为符合Langmuir和Freundlich模型,其最大吸附量分别为81.30 mg/g和163.93 mg/g。     

酸化油页岩灰吸附Ni(Ⅱ)的研究

采用质量分数为50%的HNO3制备酸化油页岩灰吸附剂,研究吸附时间、吸附温度、Ni(Ⅱ)初始浓度、溶液pH值、吸附剂投加量和吸附剂粒径对酸化油页岩灰吸附性能的影响.结果表明,一定范围内,酸化油页岩灰吸附剂的吸附量(Qe)随吸附温度、Ni(Ⅱ)初始浓度、溶液pH值、吸附剂投加量的增加而增加,随吸附剂粒径的增加而减小.吸附温度对吸附刺的最大吸附量Q有明显影响.当Ni(Ⅱ)初始质量浓度为100 mg/L,溶液pH值为6.0,吸附剂粒径为53～75μm,吸附剂投加量为16.0 g/L,吸附搅拌速度为400 r/min时,25℃、30℃、35℃下酸化油页岩灰的最大吸附量Q分别为17.0 mg/g、33.2mg/g、42.9mg/g,且吸附主要以离子交换的化学吸附方式为主.酸化油页岩灰吸附剂对Ni(Ⅱ)的吸附符合Languir等温吸附方程,温度为25℃、30℃、35℃,溶液pH值为6.0,油页岩灰吸附剂投加量为16.0 g/L,油页岩灰吸附剂粒径为53～75μm条件下,酸化油页岩灰对Ni(Ⅱ)的最大吸附量Q分别为17.0mg/g、33.2 mg/g、42.9 mg/g.研究表明,油页岩灰经过酸化改性后可作为吸附荆处理含Ni(Ⅱ)废水,具有较好的市场应用前景.     

硫化纳米铁的制备及其对亚甲基蓝的去除

为克服纳米零价铁易团聚、易氧化、电子选择性差等缺陷,引入硫对纳米铁进行改性制备了硫化纳米铁复合材料(S-nZVI),并利用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)等方法对制备的S-nZVI进行表征,同时研究了其对水溶液中亚甲基蓝(MB)的去除效果。S-nZVI对MB的去除过程符合准二级反应动力学模型,吸附等温线符合Langmuir模型。当MB初始质量浓度为1000 mg/L时,S-nZVI对MB的饱和去除量可达242.06 mg/g。     

柚子皮生物炭的制备及对水体中锰离子的吸附

以柚子皮为原料经硫化钠活化后炭化处理制备了生物质炭吸附剂,并将之应用于含锰废水的吸附。考察了溶液p H值、底液质量浓度、生物炭投加量等因素对柚子皮生物炭吸附能力的影响,并研究了柚子皮吸附剂对锰离子废水的吸附平衡和动力学特征。结果表明:柚子皮吸附剂对含锰废水具备较强吸附能力,在溶液p H值为6,底液质量浓度为50 mg/L,吸附剂投加量为2 g/L的条件下,对锰离子的去除率为93.5%;吸附平衡实验表明该等温吸附过程符合Langmuir方程,饱和吸附量为24.691 mg/g;吸附动力学研究表明,该吸附过程符合二级动力学方程,吸附速率常数为0.028 6 g/(mg·min)。     

改性腐殖酸去除水中氟化物性能研究

以腐殖酸(HA)为原材料,通过络合铝离子改性处理,制备了新型除氟吸附剂(HAAl)。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线衍射(XRD)及X射线能谱(EDS)对该吸附剂进行了表征,并系统研究了该吸附剂对水中F-的吸附性能。结果表明:在p H值为4~10时HAAl均对水中F-表现出较高的吸附能力,其饱和吸附量为60.606 mg/g,吸附等温线符合Langmuir方程;吸附动力学可用准二级速率方程描述,表现为化学吸附;共存阴离子Cl-、HCO-3和NO-3对氟的吸附影响较小,HAAl吸附剂除氟率可达85.99%,出水氟质量浓度低于国家饮用水标准;此外,HAAl铝不易脱落,具有优良的稳定性。     

壳聚糖负载MnO2对As(Ⅲ)的吸附性能研究

利用壳聚糖负载MnO2制备一种复合吸附剂.研究了溶液pH值、吸附时间、温度对As(Ⅲ)吸附行为的影响,并探讨了吸附动力学.结果表明,在pH值为5～8,吸附时间为60 min,温度为60℃,复合吸附剂对As(Ⅲ)的吸附率达98％以上,吸附能力明显优于壳聚糖.对试验数据运用相关数学模型拟合表明,复合吸附剂对As(Ⅲ)的吸附符合Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温式,最大吸附量qmax为19.798mg/g,特性常数n为4.3341,决定系数R2分别为0.9975、0.9804.吸附过程动力学适合二级动力学方程.     

利用Cu-Fe复合金属氧化物净化水中的磷

研究了利用Cu-Fe复合金属氧化物净化水中磷的过程。实验结果表明,在吸附剂的制备过程中,加入Cu可以显著提高吸附剂对水中磷的净化效率,Cu的适宜加入量为Cu/Fe摩尔比1∶2。在磷净化过程中,p H值对Cu-Fe复合金属氧化物的净化效率有显著影响,较低的p H值有利于磷的净化;水中磷的净化率随吸附剂用量的增加而增加,适宜的投加量为0.2 g/100 m L;吸附剂对水中磷的净化速度较快,磷的吸附率在5 min内达到87.08%,吸附2 h达到平衡,磷的净化率为98.85%;Cu-Fe复合金属氧化物净化水中磷的吸附等温线符合Langmuir方程,磷的最大吸附量为11.36 mg/g。     

交联壳聚糖膜吸附直接染料的性能研究

以戊二醛为交联剂,采用流延法制备交联壳聚糖膜作为吸附剂,对3种不同直接染料水溶液进行吸附脱色处理,实验表明,刚果红的去除率可达96%,直接紫B、直接绿BE的去除率均可达81%。交联壳聚糖膜对刚果红的吸附符合Langmuir方程(R2=0.999),对直接绿和直接紫的吸附符合Freundlich方程,相关系数均大于0.99;吸附过程动力学符合二级反应,R2均为0.999。     

聚丙烯酸/羟基磷灰石复合吸附剂对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附行为

以部分中和的丙烯酸(AA)和羟基磷灰石(HP)为原料,通过自由基聚合反应合成聚丙烯酸/羟基磷灰石(PAA/HP)复合吸附剂,研究溶液pH值、吸附时间、Pb(Ⅱ)初始浓度及HP含量对PAA/HP吸附性能的影响.结果表明,PAA/HP复合吸附剂的吸附缝先随溶液pH值及Pb(Ⅱ)初始浓度的增加而增大,随后趋于恒定.30℃、pH=6.0、Pb(Ⅱ)初始浓度0.01 mol/L条件下,HP需6 h达到吸附平衡(平衡吸附量为99 mg/g).而PAA/HP复合吸附剂(HP质量分数为10%)只需15 min即可达到吸附平衡量(943 mg/g)的96%.当Pb(Ⅱ)初始浓度≥0.008 mol/L时,PAA/HP复合吸附剂的饱和吸附量随Hp含量的增加而减小,但此时复合吸附刑的饱和吸附量高于PAA和HP饱和吸附量的平均值.HP及PAA/HP复合吸附剂对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附过程均符合准二级动力学模型和Langmuir吸附等温模型.吸附机理分析表明,PAA/HP复合吸附剂对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附主要是由于复合吸附剂中-COO-基团与Pb(Ⅱ)的相互作用.研究表明,PAA/HP复合吸附剂可用于含Pb(Ⅱ)废水的处理.     

Adsorptive removal of basic dyes from aqueous solutions by surfactant modified bentonite clay (organoclay): Kinetic and competitive adsorption isotherm

Cationic surfactant (Hexadecyltrimenthylammonium chloride) modified bentonite clay was prepared and systematically studied for its adsorption behavior as an efficient adsorbent for the removal of basic dyes such as methylene blue (MB), crystal violet (CV) and Rhodamine B (RB) from aqueous phase. Organo modified clay shows better capacity for the removal of three dyes. The adsorption process was found to be dependent on pH and initial dye concentration. The maximum dye sorption was found to be at a pH of 9.0 (99.99% for MB, 95.0% for CV and 83.0% for RB). The adsorption capacity for the dyes was found to be 399.74, 365.11 and 324.36 μmol/g for MB, CV and RB, respectively at 30 °C. The equilibrium uptake was attained within 240 min. The kinetic studies were revealed that sorption follows a pseudo-second-order kinetic model which indicates chemisorption between adsorbent and adsorbate molecules. Adsorption isotherm indicates non-energetically adsorption sites which fit with Freundlich isotherm model. The fitness of kinetics and isotherm models was evaluated by using HYBRID error analysis function. Competitive adsorptions of dyes were studied by using binary component systems.     

三种化合物浸泡处理对石棉晶格结构和表面电荷的影响

为了研究经柠檬酸铝、混合稀土或亚硒酸钠浸泡处理温石棉对温石棉晶格结构和表面电荷的影响,用不同浓度的柠檬酸铝、混合稀土或亚硒酸钠溶液浸泡温石棉1小时后,通过透射电镜测定其衍射环直径的大小,分析石棉晶格结构的改变,并利用石棉纤维吸附亚甲蓝能力的测定方法,分析温石棉表面电荷。结果显示,用三种化合物处理石棉后,其衍射环直径均增大,而且用三种化合物处理后的石棉对亚甲蓝的吸附能力均明显降低,并且随着化合物剂量的增加其降低愈明显。上述结果表明,用三种化合物处理石棉,均可改变石棉的晶格结构,且可能减少其表面电荷。     

钛酸纳米管的光催化性能研究

以Ti0_2(Degussa P25)和NaOH为原料,采用水热法制备钛酸纳米管.以亚甲基蓝溶液(Methylene Blue,简称MB)为模型污染物,研究水热反应条件对所制钛酸纳米管光催化性能的影响,以及钛酸纳米管加入量、溶液pH值和MB初始浓度等光催化反应条件对钛酸纳米管光催化性能的影响.研究表明:水热反应温度为150℃,反应时间为48 h制得的钛酸纳米管对MB的光催化效率最高;钛酸纳米管的加入量、溶液pH值和MB初始浓度等光催化反应条件对钛酸纳米管的光催化性能有较大影响.     

Effect of particle size on CO adsorption and thermodynamic analysis

The liquid nitrogen adsorption method was used to characterize the pore structure of non-cohesive coal in the 061,404 working face of the Lingxin coal mine. The amount of specific surface area of micropores in the sample continuously rose as particle sizes reduced. The volumetric method was used to measure the CO isothermal adsorption curves of three samples (sample I, 0.425–0.25 mm, sample II, 0.18–0.25 mm, and sample III, 0.15–0.18 mm). The experimental results were fitted by the Langmuir model. According to the experimental results, it was conducive to CO adsorption with the conditions of high pressure and low-temperature. The decrease in grain diameter increased the number and volume of micropores in the sample, which improved the adsorption capacity of the sample. In addition, according to the adsorption data, the CO adsorption thermodynamics of three samples were analyzed, including surface potential (Ω), Gibbs free energy change (ΔG) and entropy change (ΔS). The results demonstrated that CO adsorption by coal was a spontaneous process. Sample III has the most substantial adsorption capacity, whereas the sample I has the weakest adsorption capacity.     

Equilibrium study and kinetics of Cu removal from water by zeolite prepared from oil shale ash

Engineered zeolite was produced from oil shale ash by reaction with sodium hydroxide in a closed vessel reactor. This adsorbent was used for removal of copper ions from aqueous solution. The maximum adsorption capacity was 504.6 mg Cu²⁺/g zeolite. Kinetic studies showed that the rate of adsorption of copper is increased with increasing the solution pH and temperature, quantity of the zeolite and agitation speed. The kinetic data were fitted to homogeneous micropore model and found that the mass transfer coefficient and diffusivity of the Cu²⁺ are directly affected by the kinetic parameters. The increase in solution concentration will decrease the mass transfer coefficient while diffusivity is increased.     

粉煤灰对水中酸性品红的吸附研究

以粉煤灰为吸附剂,研究了粉煤灰对酸性品红的吸附效果。选取了粒径、投加量、温度、时间、转速、染料浓度6个因素进行单因素实验,研究了各个因素对粉煤灰的影响,研究表明,粉煤灰对酸性品红的吸附效果很好,最高去除率可达99.63%;并且从热力学和动力学两方面对粉煤灰吸附酸性品红的过程进行拟合,结果表明,粉煤灰对酸性品红吸附的热力学过程比较符合模型Langmuir EXT1,动力学过程比较符合准一级吸附动力学方程Box Lucas1。     

Pb(II) adsorption from aqueous solutions by raw and treated biomass of maize stover – A comparative study

The potential to remove Pb(II) ion from wastewater treatment systems using raw and treated maize stover through adsorption was investigated in batch experiments. To achieve this, batch mode experiments were conducted choosing specific parameters such as pH (2–8), dosage concentration (2–30 g L⁻¹), contact time (5–180 min), temperature (20–45 °C) and metal ion concentrations (10–50 mg L⁻¹). Adsorption was pH-dependent showing a maximum at pH value 5. The equilibrium sorption capacities of raw and treated maize stover were 19.65 and 27.10 mg g⁻¹, respectively. The adsorption data fitted well to the Langmuir isotherm model. Kinetic studies revealed that the adsorption process followed pseudo-second-order model. The calculated thermodynamic parameters showed that the adsorption of Pb(II) was spontaneous and exothermic in nature. Consequently, this study demonstrated that both raw and treated maize stover could be used as adsorbents for the treatment of Pb(II) from industrial wastewaters.     

固定食用菌加工废弃物对废水中重金属Cu2+的吸附性能

用聚乙烯醇-海藻酸钠(PVA-SA)将金针菇(Flammulina velutipes)、毛木耳(Auricularia polytricha)、杏鲍菇(Pleurotus eryngii)和平菇(Pleurotus ostreatus)加工废弃物固定制成吸附小球,研究初始p H值、反应时间对Cu~(2+)吸附的影响及吸附特性,并应用到实际废水的处理中。结果表明:固定金针菇、毛木耳、杏鲍菇和平菇废弃物吸附小球的最大吸附率分别为81.3%、60.8%、42.8%和50.0%;伪二级动力学模型比颗粒内扩散模型能更好地描述固定食用菌加工废弃物吸附小球对Cu~(2+)的吸附过程;固定金针菇、毛木耳和平菇废弃物吸附小球的等温吸附过程与Langmuir等温模型拟合度高,吸附过程主要是单层吸附,固定杏鲍菇废弃物小球的等温吸附过程则更符合Freundlich等温模型;扫描电镜(SEM)分析显示,固定金针菇废弃物吸附小球吸附Cu~(2+)后,细胞壁增厚,细胞壁上形成了明显的Cu~(2+)无机沉淀或晶体,表现为物理性吸附。研究表明,固定金针菇废弃物吸附小球对自然废水中Cu~(2+)的去除率为73.11%,具有一定的实际应用价值。