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Accidents often occur in the petrochemical industry, which have a negative impact on society and the environment. Learning Process Safety Knowledge (PSK) from accident cases is essential to prevent accidents and improve safety level. Hazard and Operability Analysis (HAZOP) is a popular hazard risk analysis method. Its report contains large-scale PSK, which can provide safety analysis and decision support for the industry. Subject to the characteristics of PSK, existing researches mine them in the form of sequence labeling. However, there are two intractable problems that cause the PSK mined by the model to be inaccurate. (1) PSK in HAZOP is domain specific, which is rare or even absent in general-domain texts. (2) The entity boundaries are ambiguous. Most domain-specific entities for HAZOP lack boundary characters. Inaccurate security knowledge is not acceptable from the perspective of process safety engineering. To solve the problems, we present a PSK mining architecture with External Lexicon Prior knowledge called EDPMA, EDPMA is prior knowledge-based multi-task HAZOP knowledge mining model. Specifically, EDPMA consists of prior knowledge constructor and sequence labeling model. The prior knowledge constructor expresses prior knowledge in the form of word embedding by three steps. For the sequence annotation model, we improve its embedding and decoding layers. The former incorporated the word vectors generated by the prior knowledge constructor, and the latter added the task of entity boundary prediction. We conduct multiple evaluation experiments on HAZOP datasets. The experimental results show that the accuracy, recall and F1-score of the EDPMA model are 92.92%, 91.85% and 92.38% respectively, which is better than the existing research. Our study represents a meaningful attempt to introduce prior knowledge in HAZOP knowledge mining and makes an important contribution to intelligence the field of process safety.  相似文献   

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《组织行为杂志》2017,38(1):3-27
In response to the prevalent deployment of teams in organizations, there is a need to jointly consider conflict and social capital within the teams to offer novel ways to understand group process. This study proposes that the association between intragroup conflict and group social capital may be dynamic and reciprocal. Specifically, this study investigates longitudinally how intragroup conflict influences group social capital within cross‐functional teams and recognizes whether the teams with high group social capital can further produce intragroup conflict. The two‐year longitudinal study sampled 527 individuals in 90 teams across two time periods. This study finds that when teams are formed (Time 1), task conflict relates positively to structural social capital, and relationship conflict relates negatively to cognitive social capital. There is an inverted U‐type relationship between task conflict at Time 1 and social capital at Time 2. Established teams (Time 2) with higher levels of social capital experience higher levels of task conflict and lower levels of relationship conflict than teams with lower levels of social capital. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

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Using the leader–member exchange (LMX) theory as a theoretical framework, the present study focused on the occurrence of differential treatment by leaders on social and task‐related issues within teams. It was investigated whether team members' perceptions of the frequency and degree of social and task‐related differential treatment by the leader were associated with their evaluation of team atmosphere and team performance, in addition to the effects of the quality of their own working relationship with the leader (LMX quality). The context of this study consisted of interdependent sports teams. The participants were 605 players belonging to 69 amateur sports teams playing various team sports such as soccer, hockey, and basketball. Social differential treatment was negatively associated with team atmosphere and unrelated to team performance. In addition, it was found that the two forms of task‐related differential treatment included in this study were unrelated to team atmosphere and were differently associated with team performance. The results are discussed with reference to the existing leadership literature. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

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The authors introduce the concept of leader‐signaled knowledge hiding (LSKH) and conduct two studies observing what happens when leaders signal employees that knowledge hiding (KH) is practiced, tolerated, and expected. Social learning theory provides the basis for predicting that LSKH encourages subordinates to hide knowledge, even though they suffer from negative job attitudes in reaction. In Study 1, data measured at two time points (N = 1,162) shows that LSKH positively predicts KH among subordinates. The KH dimensions of evasive hiding and playing dumb (but not rationalized hiding) negatively relate to job satisfaction and positively affect turnover intentions. Study 2 (N = 1,169) replicates these results with cross‐sectional data. Moreover, Study 2 demonstrates that evasive hiding and playing dumb negatively affect empowerment, whereas rationalized hiding has a positive effect. Both studies reveal that subordinates will show less KH when they work under leaders who avoid LSKH and in turn have more job satisfaction, feel more empowered, and harbor fewer turnover intentions. The results in this study provide important practical implications for knowledge management activities.  相似文献   

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In this narrative review, we provide an overview of the self‐monitoring literature as it applies to the workplace context. Our starting point to the review is a meta‐analysis of self‐monitoring literature published in 2002 by Day, Schleicher, Unckless, and Hiller. After providing an overview of the theoretical basis of self‐monitoring and its measurement, we present a summary of the broad literature on self‐monitoring to examine the implications of self‐monitoring for employees and organizations. Based on our review, we identify the main outcomes of self‐monitoring as well as findings of the literature treating self‐monitoring as a moderator. We provide evidence that self‐monitoring has potential downsides, which would benefit from further investigation. We conclude our review by identifying important potential future research directions.  相似文献   

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为提高地质地震灾害事件预测的准确性和可靠性,提出一种结合知识图谱和图卷积神经网络(GCN)的预测模型。首先,构建地质地震灾害事件的知识图谱,将灾害相关的多源信息整合成结构化数据;然后,利用知识图谱卷积网络(KGCN)模型,对知识图谱中的实体和关系进行深度学习,挖掘潜在的关联规则,从而预测灾害的演化结果;最后,通过地质地震灾害事件案例集验证模型的有效性。结果表明:结合知识图谱和GCN的预测模型在地质地震灾害事件演化结果预测方面展现出显著效果,特别是在处理复杂的多源数据时,模型能够高效整合信息,准确挖掘潜在关联,在灾害等级、伤亡等级、承灾体类别等多个方面的预测准确率均表现优异,尤其是在灾害应急响应等级的预测上,准确率达到89.92%。  相似文献   

8.
紧急避难场所优化布局理论研究   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
建设应急避难场所是国际社会应对突发性事件的一项灾民安置措施,同时也是现代化大城市用于民众躲避地震、火灾、爆炸、洪水等重大自然灾害的安全避难场所.本文在对避难场所规划原则、城市避难场所布局、选址及其要求进行分析的基础上,提出了城市避难场所数量、容量的确定路线,并对避难场所布局优化进行了研究,提出了网络优化模型,并结合实际应用对其进行了一定的完善.  相似文献   

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《组织行为杂志》2017,38(8):1227-1245
The not‐invented‐here (NIH) syndrome has been called one of the largest obstacles in innovation management, preventing effective knowledge transfer between organizational units and individuals. NIH is defined as a negatively shaped attitude towards knowledge that has to cross a disciplinary, spatial, or organizational boundary, resulting in either its suboptimal utilization or its rejection. Our goal is to equip scholars with appropriate measurement instruments for the phenomenon. On the basis of 4 studies with 1,238 subjects overall, we developed an implicit measure based on the implicit‐association test as well as an explicit (survey) measure of NIH, taking into account theoretical insights on attitude structure. We provide evidence for reliability as well as construct and criterion validity. We want to facilitate further research on NIH and knowledge transfer (a) by providing a better theoretical framework for NIH on the basis of the tripartite componential model of attitudes, (b) by demonstrating the application of association‐based implicit measures for management research, and (c) by providing a validated multidimensional survey scale to measure NIH explicitly. We also provide recommendations on how managers can utilize the NIH measurement instruments to investigate NIH and potential countermeasures in detail and they can test the behavioral outcomes postulated by previous research.  相似文献   

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This paper describes the problems and an adaptive solution for process control in rubber industry. We show that the human and economical benefits of an adaptive solution for the approximation of process parameters are very attractive.

The modeling of the industrial problem is done by the means of artificial neural networks. For the example of the extrusion of a rubber profile in tire production our method shows good resuits even using only a few training samples.  相似文献   

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Previous research suggests that performance‐prove goal orientation is positively related to knowledge hiding. However, we argue that this effect depends on the focus of performance feedback (i.e., individual‐ and group‐focused feedback), which shapes the nature of the competitive expression of performance‐prove goal orientation (i.e., intragroup and intergroup oriented). We conducted three studies to test our theoretical model. The results of Study 1 with time‐lagged data from 128 part‐time MBA students showed that performance‐prove goal orientation was positively related to knowledge hiding when performance feedback focused more (vs. less) on individual performance but was negatively related to knowledge hiding when performance feedback focused more (vs. less) on group performance. Study 2 replicated these moderation findings in an experimental study of 210 undergraduate students. Study 3 again replicated the moderation effects using multisource data from 317 employees and their supervisors. It also included creativity as an outcome of knowledge hiding and illustrated the distal consequence of the moderation effects of individual‐ and group‐focused performance feedback. We then discussed the implications for the theory and practice of performance‐prove goal orientation and knowledge hiding.  相似文献   

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为了控制海底管道泄漏连锁风险,基于复杂网络,提出针对管道系统泄漏演化的半定量风险演化评价方法,将复杂的事故风险发展过程转化为简洁的网络分析计算。首先,构建包含30个风险节点与54条连接边的海底管道泄漏演化复杂网络模型;其次,采用无权有向网络中的节点出入度和聚类系数进行风险分析,确定影响管道泄漏的关键节点,提出断链控制方案;最后,将演化模型转化为带权的有向网络,采用Dijkstra算法计算各初始事件导致泄漏事故的最短路径。结果表明:海底管道系统泄漏网络的聚类系数为0.13,网络聚集程度偏低而演化性较强;各初始事件的最短路径均不超过10,表现出明显的小世界网络特征,初始事件的风险经少数几步传递即可导致泄漏事故的发生。海底管道泄漏风险演化规律的研究可为抑制初始事件、控制传递事件和减轻后果事件提供理论依据,对预防海底管道泄漏事故发生、保障管道持续安全运行具有现实意义。  相似文献   

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为预防铁路危险品运输事故,基于功能共振分析法(FRAM)分析铁路危险品运输系统风险-事故演化机制,进而研究对应控制方法。在建立铁路危险品运输系统风险-事故演化层级网络的基础上,将影响FRAM中输入、前提等属性的风险因素分为人、设施设备、货物、环境和管理5大类;以华东某站氰化钠泄漏事故为例进行研究,结果表明:匿报危险品种类、违规包装和检查人员失职3个功能模块导致各自功能模块内部变化,并引起功能模块的不正常振荡,通过非线性、动态性耦合作用和功能连接传递,使功能模块间发生非线性耦合共振,导致运输危险品与卸载危险品2个模块之间的连接断裂并超越系统风险-事故临界阈值,宏观层级结构发生阶跃式突变,最终导致事故。  相似文献   

14.
为深入认识燃气管网泄漏事故的发生发展机理,提高事故分析预测的自动化、智能化、数字化水平,利用知识图谱对燃气管网泄漏事故进行研究。在事故案例分析的基础上,从人-物-环-管的角度对燃气泄漏过程以及火灾爆炸次生事故的相关实体进行归纳梳理,对实体间的逻辑关系和非逻辑关系进行辨识,并对实体的属性进行分类,进而构建出较为全面的燃气管网泄漏事故知识图谱。在此基础上,搭建BP神经网络模型,基于已知实体或属性状态,预测相关联其他实体或属性的状态。研究结果表明:燃气管网知识图谱能够有效展示燃气管网泄漏事故发展的动态过程及相关要素,结合BP神经网络能够有效预测事故的发展路径及相关状态,从而提高燃气管网泄漏事故的分析预测水平与效率。  相似文献   

15.
为完善高速公路交通事故应急救援体系,以昆石高速为研究对象,将遗传算法(GA)与反向传播神经网络模型(BP)相结合,运用GA-BP神经网络模型鉴定高速公路事故多发段,根据昆石高速环境条件选定应急救援中心候选点; 应用双层规划理论模型分析昆石高速应急救援中心选址,并利用萤火虫算法优化求解,得到昆石高速公路应急救援中心选址的最优方案。研究结果表明:GA-BP神经网络模型鉴别高速公路事故多发段相较于传统模型更准确;运用双层规划模型和萤火虫算法求解可得到昆石高速应急救援中心最佳选址方案。  相似文献   

16.
针对城市轨道交通的特点以及现有城市轨道交通运营安全评价研究现状,从人、机、环、管4个方面分析影响城市轨道交通路网安全运营的要素及其相互作用关系.在此基础上,基于复杂网络理论构建一个能够描述安全要素耦合作用关系的城市轨道交通路网运营安全层次化网络模型,通过对模型的形式化描述及统计参数分析,采用自底向上、微观和宏观相结合的方法,揭示城市轨道交通路网运营的安全演化机理.最后将上述研究内容和安全熵理论相结合,采用局部和整体相结合的方法,构建城市轨道交通路网运营安全评价模型.研究表明,城市轨道交通路网运营安全正是由安全要素自底向上相互作用涌现出来的一种行为.  相似文献   

17.
为探究灾害演化过程中风险的时变特征和时序性风险评估的可行性,采用灾害演化理论和方法,综合考虑灾害链式效应、灾害后果时变性和政府干预等因素,首先,建立由灾害损失度、灾害发生概率、灾害直接风险和灾害综合风险共4个子模型构成的灾害演化网络时序性风险评估模型;然后,通过数值算例验证该模型的可行性;最后,分析所提模型的优越性。研究结果表明:所提模型可评估灾害演化网络直接风险和综合风险水平及其动态变化趋势;可分析得到灾害演化网络中关键节点高风险出现时机以及持续时间等风险时变特征。  相似文献   

18.
为提高燃气管网领域的应急管理水平,提出燃气知识双向变换器(Gas-kBERT)模型。该模型结合聊天生成预训练转换器(ChatGPT)扩充的燃气管网领域数据,以及构建的中文燃气语言理解-三元组(CGLU-Spo)和相关语料库,通过改变模型的掩码(MASK)机制,成功将领域知识注入模型中。考虑到燃气管网领域的专业性和特殊性,Gas-kBERT在不同规模和内容的语料库上进行预训练,并在燃气管网领域的命名实体识别和分类任务上进行微调。结果表明:与通用的双向变换器(BERT)模型相比,Gas-kBERT在燃气管网领域的文本挖掘任务中F1值表现出显著的提升。在命名实体识别任务中,F1值提高29.55%;在文本分类任务中,F1值提升高达83.33%。由此证明GaskBERT模型在燃气管网领域的文本挖掘任务中具有出色的表现。  相似文献   

19.
热带气旋影响下的电网应急案例框架构建研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
在我国电网防灾抗灾体系中,因风灾等自然灾害影响具有持续性,造成应急准备阶段对灾害演变过程认知不足而引发响应阶段抢修故障。热带气旋是导致电网破坏严重的自然灾害之一,近些年发生率高于以往同期。风灾是阶段变化的,情景又是动态演变的。针对热带气旋的影响,考虑其不同影响阶段构建应急案例,可在应急响应行动过程,有效准确的面对风灾特性而带来的抢修故障。提出电网风灾的案例框架构建方法,并结合风灾的特点进行框架分类,可有效应对灾害的不确定性从而增加案例可用度。同时对风灾案例库建设、抗台演习演练与实际应对三种目的下的案例进行属性约简,依热带气旋演变,将案例个体拆分化采取逐步多次检索生成可行预案,从而提高响应效率。  相似文献   

20.
矿井通风网络数据可靠性检验   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
进行矿井通风阻力测定时,由于受环境的温度、湿度、压力传递存在时间差以及测点处标高不准确等因素的影响,根据实测数据,计算所得矿井巷道基础数据存在一定的误差,常用的测量数据检验方法只能对若干条通路进行闭合回路检验,而不能对全矿井通风网络基础参数进行可靠性检验。本文中所介绍的检验方法将风网基础数据输入通风网络解算软件,以实测风量和经过计算所得巷道风阻为基准,实测风量为目标条件,进行计算机通风网络模拟,对全矿井巷道风阻进行连续的优化调整,使通风网络模拟结果与实际测定各巷道风量基本符合,从而实现全矿井风网基础数据的可靠性检验。该方法在某矿进行了实际应用,实践证明此方法科学、准确的获得了全矿巷道风阻参数,为矿井的通风改造奠定了技术基础。  相似文献   

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