安全人机工程学的研究及应用

人机工程学的原理和方法可应用于人类生活的各个领域中,从横向构成了多门类的“应用人机工程学”,如建筑人机工程学、矿山人机工程学、交通人机工程学、船舶人机工程学、航空人机工程学、城规人机工程学、农业人机工程学、生活用具人机工程学、服装人机工程学等等。但在这些应用对象不同的人机工程学中,都存在安全方面的共性课题。因此,安全人机工程学又可单独作为应用人机工程学的一个纵向专门分支开展研究,从协调人、机器及环境的角度出发,为各行各业的人机系统设计提出保证系统安全的基本原则和要求。 进行这项研究的意义 从事故统计分析…     

人机工程学的发展对矿山安全研究的启迪

人机工程学是一门新兴边缘学科。本文对人机工程学的概念，历史，研究内容，应用范围和发展概况进行了阐述，并探讨它在矿山安全工程中的研究应用实践，根据人机工程学的观念，提出了创造一个安全，卫生和舒适的矿山环境的有益措施，以利于提高职工的安全健康水平和工作效率。     

安全人机工程学在硫酸主控室的应用

阐述了安全人机工程学的原理、研究范围，论述我厂如何利用安全人机工程学原理设计硫酸主控室。     

安全人机工程学在硫酸主控室的应用

阐述了安全人机工程学的原理、研究范围、论述我厂如何利用安全人机工程学原理设计硫酸主控室。     

国外人机工程学在企业安全管理上的应用

本文通过对人机工程学的回顾，将人机工程学引入到企业安全管理中，建立模式图，最后通过例证说明如何应用模式图解决实际问题。     

安全人机工程学的应用

人机工程学是研究人、机（包括工业产品、建筑结构、环境规划、生活用品等）及其环境之间相互作用的综合性学科。人机工程学运用人体测量学、生理学、心理学、生物力学以及工程学等学科的研究方法和手段,     

人-机系统事故预防理论研究

分析人-机系统事故发生原因,剖析经典以人失误为主因的事故致因模型存在的不足,在该模型基础上增加"刺激"形成的原因,构建了改进事故致因模型。对两模型进行比较研究,指出人机工程学与防止事故的关系,提出了人机工程学防止事故的方法,并给出人机界面合理性主观评价检查表。研究及论证表明:预防人-机系统事故的本质在于有效防止人失误的发生,除安全管理措施以外,最重要的是人机工程学问题,笔者提出的基于人机工程学的人-机系统事故预防理论,对人-机系统事故的预防起到积极的指导作用。     

试论人机工程学在班组安全生产中的应用

人机工程学是研究在现代化机械化作业环境中，人与机器的相互作用，使机械设计与人体的要求相适应，从而提高人一机一环境系统工程效率的一门边缘科学。安全人机工程学是人机工程学的一个分支。文章讨论了在人一机一环境系统中，只有提高人的自身素质，创造更舒适的环境和严格的规章制度管理，才能使伤害事故得到更好地控制。     

"安全人机工程学"教学方法优化与实践

针对安全工程专业人才培养目标新需求和"安全人机工程学"课程特点及教学过程中存在的问题和不足,分析了"安全人机工程学"教学方法改革的必要性,提出了如何改进该课程传统教学方法的具体实施方案,即建立课堂教学、实验探究和应用设计课上课下相结合的多元教学方法和实践应用能力培养模式。     

基于人机工程学的驾驶疲劳模型

基于人机工程学原理,建立了驾驶疲劳形成的人机工程学模型,并从人机工程学的角度分析了驾驶疲劳的各种形成因素。对预防驾驶疲劳,保障行车安全,汽车人机界面设计具有积极的理论与现实意义。     

Gender differences in DUI offenders in treatment in Texas

OBJECTIVE: This is a study of 8,464 adult women and 21,155 adult males who entered substance abuse treatment in Texas between 2000 and 2005. Participants were either on probation for driving under the influence (DUI), were referred to treatment by DUI probation, or had been arrested for DUI in the past year. METHODS: The female and male clients were compared on demographic characteristics, substance use patterns, DSM-IV diagnoses, and levels of impairment. T tests and chi square tests were used to determine significance and multivariate logistic regression identified predictors of completing treatment and being abstinent at follow-up. RESULTS: The proportion of females who were sent to treatment as a result of DUI increased from 27% in 2000 to 32% in 2005. Females were significantly more likely than males to be White (73% vs. 56%), to have used substances a shorter period of time (17 vs. 19 years), to be seeking custody to regain their children (11% vs. 2%), to meet the DSM criteria for drug dependence (32% vs. 23%), to have injected drugs (31% vs. 23%), to have used substances daily (42% vs. 40%), to have a depressive disorder (16% vs. 7%) or bipolar disorder (12% vs. 5%), and to be have been in treatment before (60% vs. 49%). In contrast, males were more likely to be alcohol dependent (49% vs. 44%). Females were less likely to complete treatment (67% vs. 72%) and reported significantly more days of problems on the 6 domains of the ASI at both admission and at 60-day follow-up. Furthermore, at follow-up, they were more likely to be living with someone who abused alcohol or used drugs (9% vs.7%). CONCLUSIONS: Although females comprised only 29% of the DUI treatment admissions, they were more impaired and experienced more problems than their male counterparts. The findings indicate that additional resources, including treatment for co-occurring mental health problems and living in sober households, may be keys to helping these women achieve abstinence and prevent additional DUI episodes.     

Trends in chemical hazards in Japan

In the past, the chemical industry in Japan has been the cause of a number of major industrial accidents. Subsequent to each accident, specific lessons have been learned. These lessons learned have been implemented in terms of safety education of the employees and/or safety measures of the equipment and facilities resulting in a rapid decrease of corresponding accident frequencies. In this paper, we summarized both recent and past major accidents caused by chemical substances in fixed installations in Japan. Case studies show that runaway reactions are among the main causes of major accident occurrences in the chemical process industry in Japan. A recent fatal poisoning accident caused by H₂S gas generated during maintenance work again highlights the necessity of adequate safety management in a chemical factory. Therefore, even if hazard evaluation of chemical substances and chemical processes is necessary to prevent runaway reactions, human error is also an important factor contributing to reaction hazards [Wakakura, M. (1997) Human factor in chemical accidents, J. Safety Eng. High Press. Gas. Safety Inst. Japan, 34, 846].     

Trends in occupational hygiene in Finland

The aim of this work is to evaluate and describe the current status of, and prospects for, the future of occupational hygiene in Finland. The main sources of information include a seminar held in the annual meeting of Finnish Occupational Hygiene Society and interviews with different stakeholders. Nanotechnology and other new materials, changing work environments, circular economy including green jobs, new medical methods and advances of construction methods were recognized as future challenges. Future work opportunities for occupational hygiene experts included exposure assessments in indoor air surveys, private consulting and entrepreneurship in general, international activities and product safety issues. Unclear topics needing more attention in the future were thought to be in new exposures, sensitive persons, combined effects, skin exposures and applicability of personal protective equipment. Occupational hygiene should broaden its view; occupational hygienists should have to cooperate with other specialists and grasp new challenges.     

Violence in the workplaces in Finland

The aim of this study was to describe violence in Finnish workplaces by comparing it with leisure-time violence. The data were derived from 13,762 interviews made from a representative sample of the Finnish population in 1988. The subjects were asked to report all the violent incidents they had encountered during the previous 12 months. There were 394 victims of violence in workplaces, that is, 40.6 victims per 1,000 workers. The rate of occupational violence was almost identical for males (40.6) and females (40.5). The most hazardous occupations were prison guard, police officer, and mental health nurse. The main reasons for violence at work were related to refusal of an authority's order to go away or to the relationship between doctor or nurse and patient. A typical assailant was an unaccompanied man who was under the influence of alcohol.     

我国非煤矿山安全生产的差距

从我国非煤矿山安全生产立法、安全生产管理体制、监察执法、群众监督、宣传教育、科研、矿山企业等方面与国外矿业进行了对比分析，分析了我国非煤矿山存在的问题以及与国外的差距，最后分析了产生问题与差距的原因。     

WTO与中国安全生产

新世纪之始,中国将要迈进世界贸易组织（ＷＴＯ）。在入世的过程中,与美国为首的发达国家之间始终存在着阻挠与反阻挠、限制与反限制的斗争,目前虽已告一段落,但远未结束。可以预见,中国加入ＷＴＯ之后,斗争非但不会停止,甚至可能会更复杂、更激烈。这场经济、贸易斗争实际上还有着深刻的政治与社会背景。最近几年,发达国家一直在努力使社会条款纳入世界经济贸易体系之中,在“关注发展中国家人权状况”的旗号下,反复提出“劳工标准”问题,即把本国安全生产问题与国际贸易挂钧。实际上这是“涂上绿色’”的贸易保护主义。中国是一…     

九月北京，国际盛会

第二届中国国际安全生产论坛于9月2日在人民大会堂开幕,国务委员、国务院秘书长华建敏,国家局局长王显政,国际劳工组织东亚地区局局长克里斯廷等领导参加开幕式