DDS信号源在CO激光气体检测系统中的应用

与传统的频率合成方法相比,DDS合成信号具有频率切换时间短、频率分辨率高、相位变化连续等诸多优点.针对CO激光检测系统设计中要求信号源四路波形同步异频发生,且有移相、倍频、波形叠加等要求,系统在信号发生部分用到了FPGA器件.选用Altera公司的FPGA芯片EP2C8Q208C8进行设计.经过电路设计和模块仿真,验证了设计的正确性.由于FPGA的可编程性,使得修改和优化DDS的功能非常快捷.     

视频监控芯片的设计与思考

"一芯8CIF、单芯8D1",近年来提及DVR的视频编解码芯片,大部分安防人都应该记得这些宣传标语。曾几何时,评价一个产品的好坏,就跟芯片的编码性能强弱有关。所以一些国外的芯片厂家也在相继推出各种高性能编码器,你8路D1,我16路D1,他3路高清,虽然越来越高的芯片性能理论上对降低产品成本和提升产品集成度有好处,但是从芯片设计实际情况来看,合适的成本构建,符合实际需求的芯片设计才是产品的本质。今天,我们就监控芯片的设计思路和大家做个探讨。如何以用户体验与成本平衡为核心构建的产品能"飞入寻常百姓家",而不是用高昂的成本搭建"曲高和寡"的产品。     

基于FPGA的数字视频光纤传输系统的研究

提出了一种基于FPGA的五路数字视频光纤传输系统的设计方案,实现长距离的视频监控.采用Xilinx Spartan系列的XC3S1000芯片为核心处理芯片,设计了基于时分复用技术的非压缩数字视频光纤传输系统.采用串行数字视频信号传输方式,实现了五路数字视频信号的光纤传输;并对高速PCB走线串扰做了深入的仿真研究.     

基于FPGA的甲烷气体激光监测系统设计

以Altera公司的FPGA处理器EP4CE15F17C8为基础,介绍了一种甲烷气体检测仪器数据采集处理部分的实现。介绍其基本原理,给出了系统整体框图,完成了FPGA器件与MCU器件协同处理的硬件系统和软件系统设计。实验证明,该方法能够有效提高系统的处理速度,具有较好的实用性。     

新型亭式金属探测系统的设计与实现

介绍了一种适合银行等特殊场合使用的新型亭式金属检测系统.对系统的设计思想与实现过程做了详细的阐述.在金属检测方面,针对传统安检门的不足做出了几点改进:采用先进的DDS技术设计了一种高质量的发射电路,实现了发射信号频率的任意调节;提出了一种新型的接收线圈调零方法,有效解决了线圈调零问题.新系统还利用CPLD实现了伺服电机的可靠控制,并建立了友好的人机交互界面,实现了远程监控功能.系统目前已完成了样机的调试工作,具有较高的稳定性和灵敏度,可以满足实际应用的要求.     

DDS—1型电除尘器低压控制电源技术鉴定会在福建龙岩召开

福建省机械工业厅和城乡建设环境保护厅,于1983年12月22～24日在龙岩主持召开DDS—1型电除尘器低压控制电源技术鉴定会,国内有关科研、设计、生产、使用等42个单位的67名代表参加。 DDS—1型电除尘器低压控制电源是由冶金部安全技术研究所和福建龙岩空气净化     

基于CPLD的智能安防报警系统发射模块设计

针对智能安防报警系统要求高可靠性、抗干扰能力强、体积小、便于调试的特点,设计了一种基于CPLD的无线安防报警系统的发射模块电路;该模块充分利用CPLD内部的数字逻辑资源,对各控制模块电路采用分层设计;当发射模块接收到警情信号后,通过移位编码器把警情及报警点地址的双重信息转换为密勒码,经调制由TH7108发射芯片以915MHz的频率发射出去,发射端从而可以实现快速发射防区的警情地址及警情信号,实现了警情和报警点地址传输的间歇发射.     

基于FPGA的视频监控系统的防抖动研究

针对视频输入处理器SAA7111A输出的图像数据,利用对Altera公司的FL EX10K现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)的设计,可以实现对图像采集、时基校正处理和图像数据传输的控制,以构建基于FPGA的视频监控的图像实时校正处理系统.经实验验证,系统可以很好的满足性能要求,并且具有系统结构简单紧凑的特点.     

高速公路上视频监视系统的设计与实现

本文首先研究了高速公路上视频监视系统的功能及组成部分,并结合具体的实际环境分析了该系统需求特点和设计难点.给出了系统核心部分-数据处理模块芯片选取依据,并对选择的核心芯片TMS320C6201作了简要的介绍.文章重点论述了基于DSPTMS320C6201的视频监视系统的硬件实现方法,包括采用的多种综合技术以提高系统处理能力.     

基于小波包分形的矿山微震波形特征分析

矿山微震波形具有非平稳、非高斯、突发瞬态等特点,使用常规方法很难寻求其特征。通过确立微震波形的分形特性,编制了相应的MATLAB程序求解计算,对矿山微震波形的小波分形特征进行了研究。建立了矿山微震波形的分形计算算法及合理标度;利用小波包方法将微震波形分解为多个频带,选择了(0~64)Hz、(64~96)Hz、(96~128)Hz和(128~256)Hz四个主频带进行研究;建立了四个频带对应的logNk与logk关系拟合曲线,并提取了相应的特征值。结果表明:微震波形具有良好的分形特性,其盒维数的大小在一定程度上与频率的高低相对应;波形主频带S4,2与整个波形的盒维数近似相等。微震波形主频带上的分形特性可以作为该波形的特征,用于不同类型微震波形的分类识别。     

Severity models of cross-median and rollover crashes on rural divided highways in Pennsylvania

Introduction

Crossover and rollover crashes in earth-divided, traversable medians on rural divided highways can lead to severe injury outcomes. This study estimated severity models of these two crash types. Vehicle, driver, roadway, and median cross-section design data were factors considered in the models. A unique aspect of the data used to estimate the models were the availability of median cross-slope data, which are not commonly included in roadway inventory data files.

Methods

A binary logit model of cross-median crash severity and a multinomial logit model of rollover crash severity were estimated using five years of data from rural divided highways in Pennsylvania.

Results

The highest probability of a fatal or major injury in cross-median and rollover crashes was found to occur in cases when a driver was not wearing a seatbelt. While flatter cross-slopes and narrower medians were associated with more severe cross-median crash outcomes, steeper cross-slopes and narrower medians significantly increased rollover crash severity outcomes. The presence of horizontal curves was associated with increased probabilities of high-severity outcomes in a median rollover crash.

Impact on Industry

Modeling results in this study confirmed that cross-median and median rollover crash severity outcomes are associated with median cross-section design characteristics. Based on the estimated models, it appears that flatter and narrower medians lead to more severe injury outcomes in cross-median crashes. Steeper median cross-slopes and narrower medians were associated with higher probabilities of more severe outcomes in median rollover crashes. The results presented in this study suggest that there is a trade-off between median cross-section design and cross-median and rollover crashes in earth-divided, traversable medians on rural divided highways. While the severity models can be included in a framework to develop design guidance in relation to this trade-off, models of crash frequency should also be considered.     

某装药弹振动特性的安全分析

为分析某装药弹的振动特性,并为该弹提供必要的力学数据,建立某装药弹模态方程。采用ANSYS软件对该弹振动特性进行了数值模拟,利用Block Lanczos法求解,得到前10阶振动固有频率和振型。分析结果表明:低阶频率主要以摆动和转动为主,高阶频率主要以弯曲扭动为主,低阶频率对该弹的影响比较小,高阶频率对该弹的影响比较大,尤其是7～10阶频率,该弹的主振频率为1053.8 Hz,为该弹的优化设计提供科学依据,在加工、储存、运输和使用条件下应低于该频率;为验证该方法可信度,采用某小型装药弹进行了实验验证,实验结果和仿真结果偏差小于1%;同时证明该有限元数值分析的方法是经济可靠的。     

A novel method to apply Importance and Sensitivity Analysis to multiple Fault-trees

The unavailability/frequency analysis of critical failure states of complex industrial systems is normally conducted by using the Fault-tree methodology. The number of Fault-trees describing the system is given by the number of system’s failure states (i.e. Top-events). For each Top-event characterised by unacceptable occurrence probability, some design improvements should be made. Importance and Sensitivity Analysis (ISA) is normally applied to identify the weakest parts of the system. By selecting these parts for design improvement, the overall improvement of the system is made more effective. In current practice, ISA is normally applied sequentially to all Fault-trees. The sequence order is subjectively selected by the analyst, based on several criteria as for instance the severity of the associated Top-event. This approach has the clear limitation of not ensuring the identification of the most cost-effective design solution to improve safety. The present paper describes an alternative approach which consists of concurrently analysing all relevant system’s Fault-trees with the objective of overcoming the above limitations and to identify the most cost-effective solution. In addition, the proposed method extends the ISA application to “over-reliable” system functions, if any, on which the reliability/maintainability characteristics of the involved components can be relaxed, with a resulting cost saving. The overall outcome of the analysis is a uniformly protected system, which satisfies the predefined design goals. A point to note is that the overall cost of the analysis of the proposed approach is significantly lower if compared with the sequential case.     

机器振动对厂房结构影响的检测及分析

应用振动测试方法,对机器振动对厂房结构的影响进行检测及分析.检测结果分析表明,在机器振动产生的动荷载作用下,厂房结构振动响应不满足工程结构安全要求.分析了其原因并提出应采取的有效措施,为对厂房结构进行安全评价提供了可靠的科学依据.     

Operators’ signal-detection performance in video display unit monitoring tasks of the main control room

This study evaluated the operators’ signal-detection performance in video display unit (VDU) monitoring tasks of the main control room (MCR). So far the study of the relationship between VDU design strategy and human errors has been superficial. To validate the effect of VDUs design strategies on operating errors in the MCR, this present research adopted a within subject experimental design to develop different experimental treatments based on two types of display modes included consistent mode and mixed mode. A total of 13 undergraduate and graduate students were recruited as participants in the experiment. Dependent variables included situation awareness, reaction time, error frequency, and subjective performance. Some research support was found for the representation principles. The conclusions of this study could not only be implemented by the human-system interface (HSI) designers of a MCR in the advanced nuclear power plant (NPP) but also could be generalized to the extent that other digital workstation similar to the MCR.     

安全工程技术领域数字孪生应用研究综述*

为系统了解安全工程技术领域数字孪生应用现状并预测其发展趋势,综述国内外安全工程领域数字孪生应用进展,主要包括数字孪生在动态仿真、安全监控、故障诊断、运维控制、预测性维护等方面的应用,展望未来数字孪生在安全工程技术领域的研究方向。研究结果表明:数字孪生技术在机械工业、航天航空、石油化工、矿山、电气、船舶运输、建筑施工、城建、公共安全等诸多行业的安全工程问题中得到了广泛应用,但在建模技术、数据传输技术、故障诊断机理、危险度和可靠性的评价方法方面存在不足,是后续研究应重点关注的问题。     

安全裕度研究与应用进展

随着人们对安全认识和需求的不断提高 ,安全裕度的概念越来越多受到工程设计界及人们日常生活的关注。笔者综述了安全裕度概念在不同工程技术领域应用情况 ,重点讨论了在压力容器设计、机械加工、电力系统运行、航空飞行管理、军备等复杂系统研究中安全裕度的含义、安全裕度设计方法以及应用安全裕度进行安全评定的方法。通过对安全裕度应用情况分析 ,表明安全裕度已经成为现代科学技术领域和日常生活中不可缺少的重要概念 ,广泛受到科技工作者和管理人员的高度重视。笔者还分析了目前安全裕度研究和应用方面存在的问题 ,提出了应尽快开展安全裕度理论的系统研究 ,使这一重要概念从目前主要以定性讨论为主上升到定量计算 ,建立安全裕度学科 ,并且使安全裕度理论成为安全科学重要组成部分的观点。     

An engineer-based methodology to perform Explosion Risk Analyses

Explosion Risk Analyses (ERA) are usually performed as part of the Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA). The combination of frequencies and associated consequences allow to get a risk picture of the facility and provides decision support to the risk owner. The outcomes of this study allow also to provide, after adequate interpretation, Design Explosion Loads (DEL) to engineering disciplines (e.g. structures, piping and equipment) according to a given Risk Acceptance Criterion (RAC). For most of the offshore applications, the consequence part of the ERA is done with Computational Fluids Dynamics (CFD) to properly handle congestion and confinement effects as simple models cannot. With the increase of computational power, thanks to Moore's Law, there is an increasing trend to perform more and more CFD simulations with the expectation to improve confidence in results while taking more and more probabilistic variables into account. In the early 2000s, it was 10's of simulations, in the 2010s, it was 100's and now it is common to reach 1000's. However, one should remark that there is still a lot of uncertainties behind these studies since the geometry maturity is generally not enough especially at the early stage of detailed engineering when the preliminary Design Explosion Loads (pDEL) should be provided to disciplines. Anticipated congestion is normally put in the model, but it usually put a bias at the beginning of the consequence modelling part. In the risk-based approach, the frequency part is also of major importance. One need to keep in mind that consequence refinement should be done in close relation with the frequency refinement to ensure consistency in the approach. The practical methodology presented in this paper was developed to provide reliable inputs to engineering disciplines, taking into consideration uncertainties and potential spread of results while using a reasonable number of CFD scenarios. Finally, the safety engineers are still the key contributor in the performance of the ERA, and hence brain-based design is kept in the loop while minimizing computer-based design.     

封头最小成形厚度的施工图标注与计算书输入

在压力容器设计换证审查时,对施工图中封头的名义厚度和最小成形厚度标注及计算书的输入提出了质疑。对此以实例从封头的名义厚度影响许用应力及技术条件和最小成形厚度影响有效厚度及计算结果的准确性进而关系容器建造的安全可靠性进行了讨论,认为施工图设计应限定封头的名义厚度,最小成形厚度以标注为宜,而SW6数据输入应增加“成形减薄量C3”项。建议GB150的术语符号引入C3,GB／T25798应完善封头威形厚度减薄率,《压力容器定期检验规则》应监督封头制造的成形厚度减薄率,以为容器设计提供支撑。