阻燃纺织品的生产现状及发展趋势

回顾了阻燃纺织品的发展历程,并预测了未来发展的趋势。扼要介绍了阻燃纤维和阻燃织物的研究现状和研究热点;论述了阻燃技术的进展;提出了开发新阻燃纺织品的思路     

"安保互动"形势下"安保"人才需求分析

我国安全生产形势严峻，每年死亡近13万人，伤残70万人，损失2500亿元，占GDP4％。同时保险业也存在多方面问题，我国约300元／人，而世界约3000元／人，保险深度我国为3％，世界约7％，赔付比例我国约1％，欧洲20％。我国在此形势下提出了“安保互动”机制，首先在重庆市进行了试点工作。“安保互动”推动了保险业的发展同时也对保险人才提出了新的要求，本文阐述了“安保互动”的特点及推动原则，分析了培养安保人才的重要性、紧迫性，对重庆市部分保险公司进行了调研，对如何培养顺应当前保险市场人才需求进行了探讨，提出了建设性建议，并分析了安保人才的广阔前景。     

桥梁工程施工中事故环境风险评估

笔者分析了桥梁工程施工过程中的事故环境的风险特征 ,介绍了桥梁结构设计、施工、地质、水文及气象等因素影响 ,评述了典型事故案例 ,特别讨论了桥梁施工中的种种风险因素分析 ,给出了各类因素的施工风险水平排序 ,提出了风险评估方法的建议     

配电自动化改造与安全生产

通过配电自动化改造,加强了电力系统运行的稳定性,减少了电气运行安全漏洞.改造后WEB电力信息网的发布实现了资源共享,为热电厂、装备部、电调等管理决策部门提供了及时全面和可靠的信息,另外还减少了重复劳动,提高了工作效率,为精益化生产、创办节能型企业提供了保证.     

石油企业实施的安全监管分离管理

本文分析了现阶段石油企业的安全生产形势,阐述了安全监管分离的必要性,重点论述了实施现场安全环保监督的步骤及方法,总结了实施效果,提出了今后改进监督工作的方向.     

新版驾驶证8月启用

福建省将于今年8月4日正式启用新修订的《中华人民共和国机动车驾驶证件》，新版驾驶证使用了33项防伪技术，并且增加了记载发放驾驶证信息的一维条码，实现了补领新证后，原驾驶证自动作废功能，解决了一人补领多本驾驶证不利管理的问题。新版驾驶证增加了伪造驾驶证的成本和难度，提高了民警执法查验真假驾驶证的效率，严格了驾驶证的溯源管理。     

事故经济损失评估理论与方法研究

简要分析了国内外事故损失评估理论与方法的共同特点及问题 ,对事故经济损失的概念和计算范围进行了比较清晰的界定 ,给出了新的事故经济损失分类方法 ,在此基础上提出了新的事故经济损失评估理论 ,建立了评估模型 ,明确了从企业角度和国家角度评估事故经济损失的方法     

球磨机安全运行监控系统

针对球磨机的具体情况,对其润滑系统及轴瓦工作温度测量进行了改造,构成了球磨机安全运行的监控系统。从而避免了烧瓦事故的发生,提高了生产效率,取得了很好的效果。     

中国建筑安全现状及展望

对我国建筑行业安全状况作了概述；对造成建筑行业事故高发的原因进行了分析；展望了今后建筑安全的发展状况并提出了建议。     

基于IP技术构建集成化远程监控系统

分析了监控系统的应用现状,提出了集成化监控要求.介绍了基于IP网络建立远程监控系统的方法,描述了该系统的层次模型.     

Gender differences in DUI offenders in treatment in Texas

OBJECTIVE: This is a study of 8,464 adult women and 21,155 adult males who entered substance abuse treatment in Texas between 2000 and 2005. Participants were either on probation for driving under the influence (DUI), were referred to treatment by DUI probation, or had been arrested for DUI in the past year. METHODS: The female and male clients were compared on demographic characteristics, substance use patterns, DSM-IV diagnoses, and levels of impairment. T tests and chi square tests were used to determine significance and multivariate logistic regression identified predictors of completing treatment and being abstinent at follow-up. RESULTS: The proportion of females who were sent to treatment as a result of DUI increased from 27% in 2000 to 32% in 2005. Females were significantly more likely than males to be White (73% vs. 56%), to have used substances a shorter period of time (17 vs. 19 years), to be seeking custody to regain their children (11% vs. 2%), to meet the DSM criteria for drug dependence (32% vs. 23%), to have injected drugs (31% vs. 23%), to have used substances daily (42% vs. 40%), to have a depressive disorder (16% vs. 7%) or bipolar disorder (12% vs. 5%), and to be have been in treatment before (60% vs. 49%). In contrast, males were more likely to be alcohol dependent (49% vs. 44%). Females were less likely to complete treatment (67% vs. 72%) and reported significantly more days of problems on the 6 domains of the ASI at both admission and at 60-day follow-up. Furthermore, at follow-up, they were more likely to be living with someone who abused alcohol or used drugs (9% vs.7%). CONCLUSIONS: Although females comprised only 29% of the DUI treatment admissions, they were more impaired and experienced more problems than their male counterparts. The findings indicate that additional resources, including treatment for co-occurring mental health problems and living in sober households, may be keys to helping these women achieve abstinence and prevent additional DUI episodes.     

Violence in the workplaces in Finland

The aim of this study was to describe violence in Finnish workplaces by comparing it with leisure-time violence. The data were derived from 13,762 interviews made from a representative sample of the Finnish population in 1988. The subjects were asked to report all the violent incidents they had encountered during the previous 12 months. There were 394 victims of violence in workplaces, that is, 40.6 victims per 1,000 workers. The rate of occupational violence was almost identical for males (40.6) and females (40.5). The most hazardous occupations were prison guard, police officer, and mental health nurse. The main reasons for violence at work were related to refusal of an authority's order to go away or to the relationship between doctor or nurse and patient. A typical assailant was an unaccompanied man who was under the influence of alcohol.     

Trends in motor vehicle crash mortality in Europe, 1980-2007

Recent trends (1980-2007) in mortality from road traffic crashes in European countries, and, for comparative purposes, in the USA and Japan were reviewed. Data came from the World Health Organisation database. Age-standardised rates, at all ages and at 15-24, 25-64, ?65 years, were computed. Joinpoint regression analyses to evaluate significant changes in trends were performed. In the European Union as a whole rates declined from 20.2 in 1987 to 13.5/100,000 in 2007 in men, and from 6.3 to 3.7/100,000 in women; European Union rates remained lower than USA, but higher than Japanese ones. In 2007, the highest male rates were in Lithuania (36.7/100,000), the Russian Federation (35.2), Ukraine (29.8), and Latvia (28.5), and the lowest ones in the Netherlands (6.2) and Sweden (6.9); the highest female rates were in the Russian Federation (11.3), Lithuania (9.7), Belarus, Latvia, and Ukraine (around 8), and the lowest ones in Switzerland (1.7), the UK, and Nordic countries (around 2). Mortality from motor vehicle crashes declined in northern and western European countries and - though to a lesser extent - in southern European countries, too. Mortality trends were also favourable in the Czech Republic and Poland since the mid 1990’s, whereas they were still upwards in Romania and the Russian Federation. No trend was observed in Hungary and Ukraine. Trends were consistent in various age groups considered. Thus, additional urgent and integrated intervention is required to prevent avoidable deaths from motor vehicle crashes, particularly in selected central and eastern European countries.     

Musculoskeletal Symptoms in Two Plants in the Electrical Sector

The study consisted of describing, using a questionnaire, the musculoskeletal symptoms in two industries in the electrical sector. The questionnaire was distributed to more than 600 workers in the two industries. The questionnaire described four types of variables: usual population data (age, gender, experience, etc.), certain work variables, the regions of the body affected in the past 12 months and in the past 7 days, and the severity of the symptoms. Ten variables were used to provide a symptom severity index. In the two plants, the women reported more frequent and more serious problems than the men and the least experienced workers were the most affected. In Plant 1, the questionnaire pinpointed two work sectors, whereas in Plant 2, the problems were found not to be concentrated in a few sectors, but distributed among different jobs throughout the entire plant.     

Pedestrian casualties and fatalities in road traffic crashes in a South African municipality

A study of the pedestrian casualties and fatalities in road traffic crashes in Durban, a South African municipality, for 1999 was undertaken using official road traffic accident data. The pedestrians age 25 to 44, although only 23.9% of the population, were 39.3% of the casualties and 48.2% of the fatalities. The most vulnerable pedestrians were those 30 to 34 years old who were 6.1% of the population, 11.7% of the casualties, and 14.6% of the fatalities; 35- to 39-year-olds who were 6% of the population, 8.8% of the casualties, and 13.5% of the fatalities; and the 40- to 44-year-olds who were 4.9% of the population, 7.5% of the casualties, and 10.2% of the fatalities. Cars were involved in 52% of the vehicle-pedestrian crashes but had fewer crashes than minibuses and buses, and fewer casualties and fatalities than minibuses, buses, and motorcycles. Minibuses recorded the most crashes at 1,037 per 100 million km, the highest casualty rate of 268 per 100 million km, and highest fatality rate of 17 per 100 million km. Buses, which were involved in 3% of the vehicle-pedestrian crashes, had 951 crashes per 100 million km, 182 casualties per 100 million km, and 11 fatalities per 100 million km. Motorcycles were involved in 1% of the vehicle-pedestrian crashes and had per 100 million km 508 crashes, 192 casualties, and 7 fatalities. There was no statistically significant difference in the monthly distribution of the road traffic crashes.     

Real-World Rib Fracture Patterns in Frontal Crashes in Different Restraint Conditions

Objective: The purpose of this study was to use the detailed medical injury information in the Crash Injury Research and Engineering Network (CIREN) to evaluate patterns of rib fractures in real-world crash occupants in both belted and unbelted restraint conditions. Fracture patterns binned into rib regional levels were examined to determine normative trends associated with belt use and other possible contributing factors.

Methods: Front row adult occupants with Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) 3+ rib fractures, in frontal crashes with a deployed frontal airbag, were selected from the CIREN database. The circumferential location of each rib fracture (with respect to the sternum) was documented using a previously published method (Ritchie et al. 2006) and digital computed tomography scans. Fracture patterns for different crash and occupant parameters (restraint use, involved physical component, occupant kinematics, crash principal direction of force, and occupant age) were compared qualitatively and quantitatively.

Results: There were 158 belted and 44 unbelted occupants included in this study. For belted occupants, fractures were mainly located near the path of the shoulder belt, with the majority of fractures occurring on the inboard (with respect to the vehicle) side of the thorax. For unbelted occupants, fractures were approximately symmetric and distributed across both sides of the thorax. There were negligible differences in fracture patterns between occupants with frontal (0°) and near side (330° to 350° for drivers; 10° to 30° for passengers) crash principal directions of force but substantial differences between groups when occupant kinematics (and contacts within the vehicle) were considered. Age also affected fracture pattern, with fractures tending to occur more anteriorly in older occupants and more laterally in younger occupants (both belted and unbelted).

Conclusions: Results of this study confirmed with real-world data that rib fracture patterns in unbelted occupants were more distributed and symmetric across the thorax compared to belted occupants in crashes with a deployed frontal airbag. Other factors, such as occupant kinematics and occupant age, also produced differing patterns of fractures. Normative data on rib fracture patterns in real-world occupants can contribute to understanding injury mechanisms and the role of different causation factors, which can ultimately help prevent fractures and improve vehicle safety.     

太原地区公路旁土壤中重金属形态分布和生物有效性研究

采用盆栽试验结合形态分析技术研究了太原地区公路旁污染土壤中Pb,Cd,Cu和Zn的形态分布及其生物有效性。研究结果显示:除Cd外,残渣态是主要形态,可交换态的含量很少;土壤中Cd的碳酸盐结合态、可交换态含量较高,残渣态的含量很少;菜园土重金属的生物可利用性和迁移能力的顺序均是Cd>Cu>Zn>Pb,而高粱土的顺序是Cd>Zn>Cu>Pb,菜园土重金属的生物活性和迁移性较高粱土的大。农作物对Cd,Cu和Zn的累积能力远远大于对Pb的累积能力,且Cd,Cu和Zn向地上部转移的速度也明显比Pb快。研究成果将为评估污染土壤中重金属的危害提供科学依据。     

Gender differences in driver's license theory test scores in the Netherlands

INTRODUCTION: Gender differences were investigated in a sample of persons (N=34,755) who completed the driver's license theory test in the Netherlands. RESULTS: Contrary to recent findings from Sweden, no gender differences were found. IMPACT OF INDUSTRY: The present study signifies the importance of standardization in driver testing.     

Agricultural injuries in Etawah district of Uttar Pradesh in India

Increased use of farm machinery along with other agricultural inputs has enhanced the production and productivity of Indian farms. Simultaneously, it has also increased occupational health hazards on the farms. Major occupational health hazards are farm related injuries. Very little information is available about the type and nature of agricultural injuries on Indian farms. In the present study, agriculture injuries data were collected for the period 1996–2000 for the Etawah district of Uttar Pradesh in India. It has a total population of 1.4 million while 0.75 million were associated with agricultural activities. The agricultural injuries incidence rate was 0.8 per thousand workers per year in the study area. Out of all agricultural injuries, 9% injuries were fatal. The highest number of injury victims were in the age group of 30–44 years. The highest percentages of injured victims were literate but non-matric. The monetary loss due to agricultural injuries in the study area was estimated to be about US $730,000 per year. To minimize agricultural injuries, development of interventions and trainings needs to be organized at block levels for proper and safe operation of agricultural equipment.     

南京市城市污泥和工业污泥中典型矿质元素含量和形态分布研究

采用三态连续提取法研究南京市部分城市污泥和工业污泥中典型矿质元素的含量和形态分布,为污泥资源化的合理利用提供科学参考.结果表明,污泥总体呈高有机质、高氮磷、低K的相似性,但其理化性质如阳离子交换容量(CEC)、pH等有差异.污泥中不同矿质元素含量差异也较大,Fe的浓度最高,其次是Mg、Zn;且不同污泥间同一矿质元素含量的差异也较大.各元素的形态分布有一定差异,Cu主要分布在可氧化态,其酸溶/交换态和可还原态的百分率很低;Zn三态分布均较高;Mg、Mn主要分布在酸溶/交换态;Fe主要分布在残渣态.但三种提取形态百分率之和除Fe外均超过50%.研究同时表明,城市污泥和工业污泥中矿质元素形态分布无显著性差异.