浅析矿山道路运输车辆事故规律特点及防范

本文以2004年至2008年矿山道路运输车辆事故统计为例,分别从人、车、路、管理及环境等到多个方面分析了影响矿山运输车辆交通事故的主要规律特点,提出了降低和预防矿山运输车辆事故的发生,确保矿山运输车辆安全营运的相应防范措施     

危险化学品道路运输系统要素与危险性解析

为降低危险化学品运输事故的发生,提高运输安全性能,从危险化学品、运输车辆、运输道路、从业人员等四大基本因素分析了危险化学品运输系统,并结合180起典型事故对危险化学品运输事故成因进行了统计分析,结果表明安全管理不善是引发运输事故的主要原因,并提出了一些建议。对减少事故损失以及事故应急预案的制定提供了参考,具有一定的社会经济效益。     

石油行业车辆运输安全控制措施

道路交通运输是高风险行业,交通参与者多,事故发生率高,而且往往伴随人身伤亡后果.石油行业道路交通运输,因行业性质的特殊性,决定了车辆出勤率高、点多面广、战线长.尤其是石油行业勘探开发及生产区域有相当一部分位于野外,车辆运行路段通过乡村道路时间多,部分道路路面狭窄,弯道多、急、陡,许多井场道路为自己修建的简易公路,道路崎岖、狭窄,遇雨季十分泥泞、湿滑,而且还受到山体塌方、泥石流、恶劣冰雪天气等自然灾害影响,这些因素都严重危及交通安全.     

危险货物道路运输事故统计分析

为掌握危险货物道路运输事故的发生规律,预防事故与灾害发生,笔者收集、整理了2000年9月至2007年3月间的609起危险货物道路运输事故案例,并对案例进行详细分解和统计分析,获得了危险货物道路运输事故的时间分布、地域分布、路段分布、事故形态分布、事故原因分布等统计特征。研究结果表明,危险货物道路运输事故具有如下规律:早晨和上午(4时至12时)是事故多发时段;事故形态以单车事故为主,特别是车辆倾斜或侧翻事故为数最多;驾驶员处置不当和违法驾驶行为以及运输车辆机件失效是导致事故的最主要的两类原因。针对案例分析结果,提出预防危险货物道路运输事故、保障危险货物道路运输安全的对策与建议。     

露天矿自卸卡车车速对粉尘扩散的影响研究

为准确描述露天矿自卸卡车运输扬尘的动态三维流场,采用动网格技术及离散相模型的粒子跟踪技术的耦合计算方法,模拟不同车速下自卸卡车周围气流与粉尘的分布特征,并进行现场实测。分析结果表明,粘附在路面的积尘是露天矿运输扬尘的发尘源,气流紊动扩散产生的剪切气流和诱导气流是粉尘颗粒飞扬的动因;随着时间的推移,大部分未来得及沉降的粉尘颗粒在卡车后方飞扬,道路粉尘质量浓度为418~956 mg/m~3;随着自卸卡车车速的提高,近地面粉尘质量浓度与扬尘高度均增大。胜利东2号露天矿现场实测显示,运输扬尘污染情况严重,粉尘质量浓度高达1 932.2 mg/m~3,各测试端面的实测值和模拟值相对误差小于6.64%。     

放射性材料运输事故泄漏概率分析

根据放射性材料运输事故过程探讨了放射性材料道路运输导致放射性泄漏污染事故的风险评价模型,基于运输事故统计数据和事故载荷环境严重度分类建立了放射性材料运输泄漏事故发生率的定量评估方法.应用结果表明,该方法能对放射性材料运输泄漏事故概率进行初步定量估算.     

2010年广西道路运输行车安全事故原因分析及改进措施探讨

本文通过对我区2010年全年道路运输行车事故的统计及原因分析,试图在道路运输安全生产管理上找出在"人,车,路,环境"系统中,如何加强对道路运输企业的管理与控制,以此降低和预防道路运输行车事故的发生。为下一步我自治区道路运输安全生产管理找出工作的重点及改进的措施。     

886起危险品罐式车辆道路运输事故统计分析研究

为了系统掌握危险品罐式车辆道路运输事故特征及规律,统计分析了886起危险品罐车道路运输事故的发生时间、地点、形态、道路等级、路段特征及事故原因等.结果表明:38.1％的危险品罐车运输事故发生在华东地区,其中11.6％发生在浙江省;82.8％的事故由交通事故引发,其中车辆单独事故占44.1％,车辆碰撞事故占38.7％;9.1％的事故由罐体及附件泄漏和阀门失效引起;就事故形态而言,约23.6％的事故为单方翻车,其次是冲出路外(14.3％)和两车追尾(12.0％);60％的事故发生在高等级公路上,20％发生于城市道路;67％的事故因人员因素导致.     

危险化学品道路运输事故对环境敏感区影响研究

为预测危险化学品道路运输事故对环境承载力造成的破坏,本文考虑天气及地理环境等多因素进行危险化学品道路运输风险评价模型优化,基于熵权法对环境敏感区进行事故后果量化评估.以北京六环为场景实例研究,结果表明:医院、学校、住宅区、公共绿地和风景名胜区在事故后果影响中所占比重更高,西六环的环境敏感区后果值最大;该模型与现实风险分级指数评价法计算结果进行对比分析,可知该风险量化模型进行环境敏感区影响评价具有一定合理性和科学性.     

我国道路交通安全教育培训思考

统计数据显示,我国2007-2009年道路运输事故呈下降趋势。但道路运输事故造成的死亡人数远远高于煤炭事故造成的死亡人数,道路交通安全形势依然很严峻。交通安全形势严峻的主要原因之一就是人为因素,加强对交通参与者的相关教育培训,提高安全意识,规范安全行为,是改善交通安全形势的根本途径。本文系统分析了我国的安全教育环境、交通文化、交通安全法律法规及交通安全教育培训存在问题,提出了改善我国交通安全教育的措施及建议。     

An analysis of equipment-related fatal accidents in U.S. mining operations: 1995–2005

Despite significant reductions in mining fatalities, the number of these accidents remains high. Based on the number of fatalities per year, a persistent area of concern in mine safety continues to be equipment-related. The study was undertaken in order to more thoroughly characterize equipment-related mining fatalities and to perform an analysis of those that occurred over the last 11-years, from 1995 through 2005. Equipment-related fatalities obtained from the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) reports are used in this study. Results show that the proportion of total mine fatalities attributable to the equipment ranged from 37% to 88% per year. Among the MSHA equipment subcategories, the greatest proportion of fatalities is related to haul trucks (22.3%), belt conveyors (9.3%), front-end loaders (8.5%), and miscellaneous equipment (36.6%). The relationship between number of equipment-related fatalities and mining experience of the workforce was also examined. Study shows that workers with less than five years of appropriate mining experience constitute 44% of all fatalities that occurred during the period of 1995–2005.     

Heavy Mining Vehicle Controls and Skidding Accidents

This paper examines various control locations in heavy mining vehicles. Three trucks have been tested on a skid pad in both clockwise and anticlockwise directions. The skid lengths were measured after each trial. The primary focus of the study was the positioning of various controls and their relevance to various skid lengths. Some additional measures such as NASA-TLX scales were also used to make subjective evaluations. The results are presented in this paper. The findings clearly indicate the relevance of control locations to actual skid lengths. The poorly located controls resulted in greater skid lengths. This is an important finding as skid lengths are related to greater reaction times in a skidding situation and hence greater risk of accidents on relevant trucks. Such accidents can incur large repair bills for damaged equipment whereas more importantly, jeopardizing the life and safety of heavy mining vehicle drivers.     

Preventing collisions involving surface mining equipment: a GPS-based approach

PROBLEM: An average of three workers a year are killed in surface mining operations when a piece of haulage equipment collides with another smaller vehicle or a worker on foot. Another three workers are killed each year when haulage equipment backs over the edge of a dump point or stockpile. Devices to monitor the blind areas of mining equipment are needed to provide a warning to operators when a vehicle, person, or change in terrain is near the equipment. METHOD: A proximity warning system (PWS) based on the global positioning system (GPS) and peer-to-peer communication has been developed to prevent collisions between mining equipment, small vehicles, and stationary structures. RESULTS: A final system was demonstrated using one off-highway haul truck, three smaller vehicles, and various stationary structures at a surface mining operation. The system successfully displayed the location of nearby vehicles and stationary structures and provided visual and audible warnings to the equipment operator when they were within a preset distance. SUMMARY: Many surface mining operations already use GPS technology on their mobile equipment for tracking and dispatch. Our tests have shown that it is feasible to add proximity warning to these existing systems as a safety feature. Larger scale and long-term tests are needed to prove the technology adequately. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: A PWSs that incorporates a combination of technologies could significantly reduce accidents that involve collisions or driving over an edge at surface mining operations.     

Key airborne concentrations of chemicals for emergency response planning in HAZMAT road transportation- margin of safety or survival

The release of chemicals due to road transportation accidents could have adverse consequences such as fatality, physical and financial loss and environmental damage. The purpose of this study was to determine the suitable margin of safety/survival of individuals in HAZMAT road transportation accidents for use in Emergency Response Planning (ERP). In this study, at first, the safety margin and survival margin were defined and proposed. Then, as a case study, the chemical tanker trucks in Iran's road transport fleet were investigated and the full bore rupture of the tanker trucks was considered as the selective scenario. Eventually, safety margin and survival margin were determined using ALOHA and PHAST software and the Chemical Exposure Index (CEI). The results showed that using the CEI, among the selected chemicals, ammonia, chlorine and 1,3-butadiene had the highest chemical release potential with the exposure indices of 597, 548 and 284, respectively, and need further investigation. The possible safety margin obtained in this study was distances over 5100 m (using ALOHA software for ammonia) and 10,983 m (using PHAST software for chlorine). On the other hand, the survival margin was distances over 980 m away from the accident area (using ALOHA software for ammonia) and 620 m away from the accident area (using the PHAST software for chlorine). The results of this study indicate that determining the safety and survival margins surrounding the tanker trucks and containers of chemicals is a critical issue for the emergency response planning and determining the standards of road's safety and survival margins. On the other hand, due to the obtainment of different results by various methods and software, in road accidents, the highest hazard distance is suggested to be considered to determine the safety margin (distances longer than 10,983 m) and survival margin (distances longer than 980 m) for ERP, regardless of the type of used material and software.     

近年来山西省煤矿事故特点及对策措施

为掌握近年来山西省煤矿事故的发生特点,基于2015年—2018年山西省煤矿事故数据并结合全国煤矿事故数据进行对比,对事故等级、类型、地点、企业性质、煤矿辖区5个维度进行统计分析。结果表明:煤炭价格与煤矿安全形势有正负影响;近年来山西省煤矿安全总体形势好于全国,但机电、运输事故频发,水害事故时有发生,需要对该类事故加强防范措施;回采工作面为事故多发地点,这与全国煤矿事故特点不尽相同;国有重点煤矿的事故起数、死亡人数均高于地方煤矿企业,这主要是由于国有重点煤矿数量多、产量大的原因。应同时努力提高员工素质,坚决落实安全责任制,实现煤矿企业的安全生产。     

高速公路货车事故成因及货车专用道分析

为减少货车对行车安全的影响,在充分考虑货车行驶理论、交通环境和驾驶员特征的基础上,就载重货车交通对高速公路运营安全的影响进行研究。其结果表明,不同车型之间的运行速度差异、超载、驾驶员不良交通行为及纵向间距不足等是造成货车交通事故的主要原因。通过分析货车事故与交通状况的关系,从工程技术可行性等角度提出了货车专用道的设计方法,以有效执行客货分行,提高高速公路运营安全水平。     

Status and future tasks of coal mining safety in China

In general, contexts of coal mining safety involve technology, administration and socioeconomic environment as well. This paper presents statistical analysis of China coal mine accidents in recent years and analyzes the reasons causing coal mining high risk from technical and socioeconomic viewpoints. Social and economic reform has been unleashing social, economical factors that are driving a fundamental transformation of new workplace safety problems and making China coal mining safety take on Chinese features. Compared with major state-owned and local state-owned coalmines, township and village coalmines are most dangerous coal mines with highest occupational risks. The incidence and death toll of ceiling accidents are higher than those of accidents such as gas, machinery, electricity, transportation, flood, and fire. New organizational risks appeared with rapid development of state-owned coal mines’ reorganization. Low skilled labors restrict both technical renovation and safety management. The Government has adopted a systematic arrangement to improve coal mining safety such as closing the township and village coalmines that cannot meet the standard of safety, reinforcing the supervision over coal mining safety, strengthening technological renovation and enhancing work safety input.     

我国南方某省1988～1992年工伤调查分析

通过对南方某省１９８８～１９９２年工伤发生情况的调查，五年间工伤事故数、工伤死亡率及重伤率有逐年增加的趋势，煤炭、交通、建筑三个行业的工伤死亡人数约占工伤死亡总数的５０％；县以下乡镇企业中的工伤事故数、死亡率及重伤率均居首位。工伤事故中造成死亡的原因主要集中在物体打击、触电、高空坠落；引起重伤的原因集中在机械伤害、物体打击、车辆伤害和高空坠落。因此在劳动安全卫生管理工作上，要采取一些强有力的干预措施，特别要加强对乡镇工业企业及那些易发生工伤事故企业的管理。     

基于Apriori算法的易燃易爆危险化学品储运火灾爆炸事故关键致险因素的挖掘

导致易燃易爆危险化学品储运火灾爆炸事故的因素繁多、关系复杂,挖掘关键致险因素是减少管理成本、提高防控效率的关键。研究了200例事故等级为较大事故以上的易燃易爆危险化学品储运火灾爆炸事故的原因,采用事故树分析法建立易燃易爆危险化学品储运火灾爆炸事故树,并运用频度统计法遴选出致险因素;在此基础上,建立基于Apriori算法的关联规则模型进行数据挖掘,共得到14个关键致险因素。通过对关键致险因素与易燃易爆危险化学品储运火灾爆炸事故之间关联规则的分析表明,关键致险因素与事故之间存在强关联规则,单一关键致险因素或其组合的存在必将导致事故的发生,为实现危险化学品储运精准化安全管理提供参考。     

A study of Chinese truck drivers’ attitudes toward feedback by technology

Prior research indicates that trucks are very likely to be involved in accidents in China due to the poor condition of trucks and unsafe driving behaviors. The objectives of this study were (1) to investigate the safe/unsafe driving behaviors of Chinese truck drivers, and (2) to examine whether Chinese truck drivers recognize a need for feedback and what their attitudes are in terms of receiving feedback from both technology and from individuals to improve driving safety. Eight sessions of focus group discussions were carried out with Chinese truck drivers, middle-level managers in the freight transportation business, and traffic policemen. The results showed that the most important safety issues to Chinese truck drivers are speeding and overloading. Chinese truck drivers would like to receive more feedback. Yet feedback is considered negative in nature. Although some Chinese truck drivers are afraid of not being able to operate the in-vehicle technology, in general, they are more confident with feedback by in-vehicle technology because it is considered objective and scientific. For this reason this kind of feedback is preferred by some over feedback from a human.