综采放顶煤工作面过地质构造时架前冒顶控制技术探讨

综采放顶煤工作面遇到地质构造时冒顶频繁,控顶困难,严重影响采煤工作面的安全生产和经济效益。通过对工作面架前冒顶原因进行深入分析及对工作面遇地质构造时架前冒顶防治进行不断探索,在技术和管理上形成了一整套切实可行的管理方法,在遇地质构造期间,通过采用有效手段便可保证综放支架安全通过地质构造。以伯方煤矿二盘区3207工作面工程实际为例,运用具体技术和管理措施,使工作面安全通过地质构造断层。该方法可为类似构造煤层的安全开采提供参考。     

综放工作面瓦斯涌出量预测方法及工程实践

分源预测法是我国目前应用最广泛的瓦斯涌出量预测方法,但不适用于应用综放工作面的矿井。由于综放工作面矿井瓦斯涌出来源和涌出强度与一般综采工作面有所不同,矿井瓦斯涌出量差别较大。基于分源预测法,提出了综放工作面的瓦斯涌出量预测方法,应用于山西大远煤业综放工作面瓦斯涌出量预测,并与实际观测结果对比。结果表明:改进的综放工作面瓦斯涌出量预测方法符合综放工作面的实际情况,对综放开采工作面的瓦斯涌出量预测具有一定意义。     

Ⅱ824^—2综放工作面瓦斯综合治理试验研究

通过对淮北芦岭矿Ⅱ824^-2综放工作面瓦斯综合治理的试验研究，摸索出了高瓦斯综放工作面瓦斯治理的有效方法，取得了较好的瓦斯抽放和通风排放效果。     

Ⅱ824-2综放工作面瓦斯综合治理试验研究

通过对淮北芦岭矿Ⅱ824-2综放工作面瓦斯综合治理的试验研究,摸索出了高瓦斯综放工作面瓦斯治理的有效方法,取得了较好的瓦斯抽放和通风排放效果.     

综放工作面微气候对工人操作失误影响研究

阐述综放工作面微气候的特点,即综采工作面的温度、湿度、煤尘等普遍偏高的情况。指出微气候的各个指标对于工人操作可靠性的影响;利用人因学原理分析了综放工作面温度、湿度、风速和煤尘对于工作操作可靠性影响的机理;强调要将综放工作面微气候中的温度、湿度、煤尘控制在一个合理的范围内;针对不同的因素提出有效的应对措施。研究取得的成果为改善井下综采工作面微气候,提高工人操作可靠性提出了理论依据。     

华莹山矿务局顶板事故分析与预防探讨

在调查华莹山矿务局顶板事故的基础上,运用事故树分析法对回采工作面冒顶伤亡事故进行研究分析,并从人机工程学角度探讨了冒顶伤亡事故的致因,建立了顶板伤亡事放综合模型,进而提出了减少冒顶伤亡事故的最佳方案。     

综放工作面现场矿压实测分析

本文利用山西吕梁离石西山亚辰煤业有限公司9^#煤层29101首采工作面综放试验工作面支架初撑力、循环末阻力、时间加权平均工作阻力及其分布频率等情况,总结了综放面矿压显现规律。研究表明：9^#煤层29101首采工作面平均周期来压步距21．6m,平均动载系数1．67,且综放工作面顶煤的放出导致了控顶距上方顶煤破碎、移动,使得支架初撑力、时间加权平均工作阻力偏低。     

综放开采采空区煤炭自燃特征及其控制研究

针对7201综放面煤层易自燃、回采过程中存在工作面过断层、工作面面长加大接面等影响正常回采速度的现实条件,在理论分析和实验研究基础上,确定了高温热源的位置,及时采取了优化配备工作面风量、顶板走向长钻孔压注阻化液、设置隔漏风墙、气雾阻化及煤柱预注阻化液等综合防治煤炭自燃措施,有效抑制了工作面采空区煤炭自燃,实现了易自燃煤层综放安全开采。研究结果对类似条件的综放安全开采有现实指导价值。     

深埋特厚煤层大采高综放工作面覆岩运动规律及支架选型研究

大采高综放开采技术是特厚煤层开采的发展方向之一,而液压支架的选型是实现工作面安全高效生产的关键。针对龙固矿2301大采高综放工作面地质及生产技术条件,通过相似模拟,获得了工作面上覆岩层运动规律,在此基础上结合FLAC3D数值模拟和理论分析,确定了工作面支架的支护强度为1.46MPa及支护阻力为15000kN,并选取工作面支架型号为ZF15000-23/43正四连杆低位放顶煤液压支架。通过现场实测分析了工作面支架工作阻力的分布规律,应用表明ZF15000-23/43支架处于较好的位态,对2301综放工作面具有较好的适应性。研究成果对类似条件下液压支架的选型提供参考依据。     

高瓦斯煤层综放开采瓦斯与煤自燃综合治理研究

针对淮南潘三煤矿低透气性高瓦斯易自燃煤层综放开采的实际情况 ,笔者在综合分析影响综放面安全开采的瓦斯和煤自燃因素基础上 ,提出并实施了顶板走向长钻孔覆岩卸压瓦斯抽放、本煤层顺层孔卸压瓦斯抽放、尾巷抽放和排放等综合瓦斯治理措施 ,通过适时合理的工作面通风系统能位调整 ,合理配备工作面风量和控制采空区漏风量 ,解决了综放面回采时的瓦斯问题 ,有效控制了采空区煤炭自燃的发展 ,实现工作面的安全快速推进。实践证明 ,顶板走向长钻孔覆岩卸压瓦斯抽放是解决低透气煤层瓦斯抽放率低的有效方法 ,回采面的瓦斯抽放率在 30 %以上 ;尾抽和尾排是低透气性高瓦斯煤层安全生产的有效辅助措施 ,但其对工作面采空区煤炭自燃的“三带”有显著影响 ,影响的关键因素是通过采空区尾排及尾抽的混合流量。笔者提出的方法对类似条件的高瓦斯易自燃煤层综放安全开采有重要的指导意义。     

高空防坠落装置的使用现状及改进措施

为使高空防坠落装置技术更成熟、应用更普及,笔者对高空防坠落装置的类型特点、装置存在的问题进行分析,提出改进措施。结果表明:导向型防坠落装置存在使用环境受限,导轨维护困难,无法“高挂低用”等问题;速差式防坠落装置存在易发生“钟摆效应”,收绳速度不可控等问题。提出导向型防坠落装置要采取材料优化、智能化、改变制动方式等改进措施;速差式防坠落装置要采取重新设计防坠落器结构、加入速度控制模块、加入角度模块等改进措施。     

Preventing falls among seniors: the way forward

There is a growing body of research about the etiology and prevention of falls. However, the persistently high incidence of falls among seniors calls for renewed efforts to develop, test, implement, and scale-up fall prevention strategies for older adults. This paper considers advances in the field and describes three priority areas for generating research and translating knowledge on fall prevention. Clinical practice guidelines, systems change approaches and environmental risk factors are discussed. Recommendations include transcending our health sector view of the fall prevention problem, supporting comparative research on system-oriented approaches to fall prevention, and examining ways to sustain and scale-up fall prevention efforts.     

Comparison of risk factors for falls from height between commercial and residential roofers

Introduction

The purpose of this investigation was to compare commercial roofers and residential roofers in terms of their behaviors, beliefs, working conditions, and attitudes toward the use of fall protection devices, which could lead to fall accidents.

Methods

A cross-sectional sample of 252 roofers participated in the survey in the Midwest (Wisconsin, Illinois, Michigan, Indiana, and Iowa).

Results

Residential roofers were more likely to fall (adjusted prevalence ratio = 1.57, 95% CI = 0.86, 2.27) than commercial roofers. Existence of fall protection programs, enforcement of fall protection device use, actual use of fall protection devices, work type, company size, and race/ethnicity were significantly associated with fall accidents.

Impact on industry

This study adds insight into fall accidents from roofs in the construction industry and provides industry-specific cautions against fall accidents that can be reflected in regulatory agency implementation.     

A case control study of falling incidents among the hospitalized elderly

Falling incidents among the hospitalized elderly were investigated using a case/control methodology to identify high-risk individuals. The medical records of all patients who had a reported fall (N = 173) in 1978 in one geriatric facility were compared with the records of a random sample of patients without a reported fall (N = 339). The significant risk factors were male sex, urinary incontinence within 48 hours prior to the fall, and psychoactive medication 12 hours prior to the fall. It was concluded that some patients may have a greater tendency to fall than others and suggestions for exploring future means of prevention are presented.     

抽水蓄能电站防高坠安全防护设施研究

抽水蓄能电站运行及检修期间存在大量高处作业,而通过技术改造进行高坠防护,既增加电站运营成本,同时也给运行及检修造成一定影响。为此,通过对已投入运行和正在建设的抽水蓄能电站存在的高处作业情况的调研与分析,围绕施工期高坠风险控制,系统研究抽水蓄能电站运行及检修作业防高坠设施的设置技术与方法,最终编制《抽水蓄能电站防高坠安全防护设施设置图集》和《抽水蓄能电站防高坠安全防护设施设计报告》,研究成果可用于指导新建电站工程建设和已建电厂的相关技术改造。     

Influence of weather conditions on the performance of energy absorbers and guided type fall arresters on a flexible anchorage line during fall arresting

Energy absorbers and guided type fall arresters on a flexible anchorage line belong to very popular group of equipment protecting against falls from a height. This equipment is used in different weather conditions (different temperature, humidity, precipitation, etc.), which influence its parameters. Fibre ropes and webbing, made from polyamide fibres, used in energy absorbers and guided type fall arresters, are sensitive to weather conditions. Laboratory tests proved that the changes in temperature, humidity, etc., especially influence dynamic elongation of this equipment and the force acting on anchor point during fall arresting. These phenomena decide directly about the fall arresting process and can influence safety of people working on a height.     

速差自控器动态性能试验方法的改进

为施工人员选择和配置安全可靠的个人防坠器,每年送到具有相应资质的检测单位进行强制检定,是防止高处坠落事故的重要手段。某型速差自控器在冲击试验中发生了钢丝绳断裂事故,为了查找和分析事故的真正原因,对不同厂家的速差自控器抽样,在相同试验方法和检测条件下进行冲击试验,并根据相关的标准对试验结果进行力学性能对比分析研究,找到了造成钢丝绳断裂事故的主要原因是该类型速差自控器使用的钢丝绳直径偏细以及缺少内部或外部缓冲器,研究中还发现部分国内标准技术要求不够明确,制造、检测和使用方对速差自控器相关标准理解存在偏差,是造成本次事故的间接原因。针对现有的部分速差自控器产品存在的质量问题,并根据现行最新标准和实际工作条件,提出改进了的检测方法和防范措施,从源头上防范坠落事故。     

Exposure to fall hazards and safety climate in the aircraft maintenance industry

PROBLEM: Falls represent a significant occupational hazard, particularly in industries with dynamic work environments. This paper describes rates of noncompliance with fall hazard prevention requirements, perceived safety climate and worker knowledge and beliefs, and the association between fall exposure and safety climate measures in commercial aircraft maintenance activities. METHODS: Walkthrough observations were conducted on aircraft mechanics at two participating facilities (Sites A and B) to ascertain the degree of noncompliance. Mechanics at each site completed questionnaires concerning fall hazard knowledge, personal safety beliefs, and safety climate. Questionnaire results were summarized into safety climate and belief scores by workgroup and site. Noncompliance rates observed during walkthroughs were compared to the climate-belief scores, and were expected to be inversely associated. RESULTS: Important differences were seen in fall safety performance between the sites. The study provided a characterization of aircraft maintenance fall hazards, and also demonstrated the effectiveness of an objective hazard assessment methodology. Noncompliance varied by height, equipment used, location of work on the aircraft, shift, and by safety system. DISCUSSION: Although the expected relationship between safety climate and noncompliance was seen for site-average climate scores, workgroups with higher safety climate scores had greater observed noncompliance within Site A. Overall, use of engineered safety systems had a significant impact on working safely, while safety beliefs and climate also contributed, though inconsistently. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: The results of this study indicate that safety systems are very important in reducing noncompliance with fall protection requirements in aircraft maintenance facilities. Site-level fall safety compliance was found to be related to safety climate, although an unexpected relationship between compliance and safety climate was seen at the workgroup level within site. Finally, observed fall safety compliance was found to differ from self-reported compliance.     

Test Method for Retractable Type Fall Arresters Designed for Horizontal Use

Retractable type fall arresters are designed to protect against falls from a height of people who need freedom of vertical movement. The practice of fall protection shows that the devices are also used to protect people who work on flat roofs. This application creates quite different operating conditions for the devices. In some situations those conditions can be dangerous for users. The article presents a theoretical analysis of phenomena occurring during a fall arrest with retractable type fall arresters arranged horizontally. The analysis was verified with laboratory tests. The article presents a proposal for the construction of a test stand and a test method for estimating retractable type fall arresters intended for horizontal use.     

Logistic regression model for prediction of roof fall risks in bord and pillar workings in coal mines: An approach

The roof fall hazards are the major problems in underground coal mines, which are generally unpredictable due to the associated uncertainties arising out of the complexity of geological conditions and variability in mining parameters. During the six year period, 1996–2001, 253 Indian coal miners lost their lives and 401 are seriously injured in 490 different roof fall accidents. In India, 32.7% of the total fatal injuries in coal sectors are due to roof fall in bord and pillar method of workings. This paper attempts to predict the severities of roof fall accidents based on some major contributing parameters using the binary logistic regression model. In total, 128 roof fall accidents for the last few years from five underground coal mines in India having bord and pillar method of working are analyzed for this study. The results revealed that wider gallery width is more prone to major and serious accidents than narrower gallery width. Thin seams are more amenable to major accidents in comparison to thick seams. Unsupported or partially supported roofs have higher risk for contributing major as well as serious accidents. Deep workings are more prone to major accidents as compared to shallow depth workings.