瓦斯爆炸极弱冲击波反射压力计算方法研究

为确定瓦斯爆炸极弱冲击波在固壁反射后峰值压力的变化特征,用爆炸力学理论分析和实验测试方法研究了反射压力与环流压力在冲击波马赫数不远大于1时的变化规律。理论推导给出了反射压力的一般计算方法;借助实验测定了爆炸冲击波在巷道一般空气区传播时不同位置固壁反射压力与环流压力的换算关系,即反射压力大约为环流压力的2倍。爆炸实验结果表明,冲击波固壁反射后,反射超压瞬间急剧增加,极弱冲击波正向作用于相对垂直固定的物体上时,产生的伤害和破坏效应远远大于水平方向上的物体;理论计算值与实验值基本吻合,验证了反射超压是加重井下设备破坏和人员严重伤害的重要因素说法。     

爆炸空气冲击波在巷道转弯处的传播特性

为了探索爆炸空气冲击波在巷道内的传播规律,进行了数值计算和理论分析,讨论了爆炸冲击波通过45°弯曲巷道后的压力变化过程.研究结果表明: 爆炸空气冲击波通过45°弯曲巷道后的压力分布复杂,空气冲击波逐渐恢复为平面波需经过4倍等效巷道直径的距离传播.在该4倍等效距离内,冲击波反射叠加,在巷道外侧壁面Mach反射点取得超压最大值,恢复平面波以后超压随距离呈单调衰减.     

地下弹药库爆炸产生的地面空气冲击波的估算与数值模拟

对某地下弹药库爆炸冲击波传播过程进行了较详细的分析和数值模拟,得到了弹药爆炸时地面空气冲击波的等效经验计算公式.两种方法得到的不同距离的冲击波超压值基本一致.     

爆炸冲击荷载对动物杀伤作用距离的试验研究

采用3 kg、5 kg和10 kg装药在自由场中爆炸,观察分析距炸点不同距离的家兔在爆炸冲击波下的伤亡情况.试验同时使用冲击波超压测量仪记录不同位置的冲击波超压.试验结果表明,在超压小于0.08×105 Pa时家兔基本安全,3 kg、5 kg、10 kg炸药爆炸时的安全距离分别为20 m、25 m、30 m.     

地下弹药库爆炸产生的地面空气冲击波的估算与数据值模拟

对某地下弹药库爆炸冲击波传播过程进行了较详细的分析和数值模拟,得到了弹药爆炸时地面空气冲击波的等效经验计算公式。两种方法得到的不同距离的冲击波超压值基本一致。     

障碍物对瓦斯爆炸冲击波影响研究

为研究障碍物对瓦斯爆炸冲击波传播规律的影响,利用水平管道式气体——粉尘爆炸实验装置,测试并分析障碍物数量、尺寸和壁面粗糙程度对瓦斯爆炸冲击波超压、冲击波传播规律的影响。结果表明:障碍物对瓦斯爆炸过程中冲击波传播规律具有重要影响。障碍物存在时,改变了爆炸冲击波的传播规律,提高了冲击波超压的最大峰值压力,且随着障碍物数量和尺寸的增加,这种激励作用越明显。随着壁面粗糙程度的增大,瓦斯爆炸冲击波超压明显增大。研究结果对井下巷道瓦斯爆炸冲击波的防治具有一定的指导意义。     

不同曲率弯曲巷道爆炸冲击波传播特性数值模拟研究

为研究爆炸冲击波在不同曲率弯曲巷道内的传播规律,采用数值模拟手段建立了不同曲率弯曲巷道爆炸模型,分析了爆炸冲击波在巷道内的传播特性及其变化规律, 并结合冲击波超压对人体的伤害程度分类,研究了不同曲率弯曲巷道内爆炸破坏效应分区。模拟结果表明,弯曲角度改变了巷道内冲击波超压分布,随着巷道弯曲角度的不断增大,壁面反射对冲击波超压峰值分布起主要作用,随着传播距离的增加,冲击波超压峰值衰减显著,体现了超压峰值变化的距离效应。此外,巷道弯曲角度的增加整体减小了爆炸损伤严重程度。研究结果可实现对不同曲率弯曲巷道内冲击波超压分布的预测,并为巷道内爆炸事故预防及应急救援提供借鉴。     

不同曲率弯曲巷道弯角近区爆炸冲击波传播特性研究

为研究爆炸冲击波在不同曲率弯曲巷道弯角近区的传播规律,采用有限元方法建立爆炸模型,分析爆炸冲击波传播特性及其变化过程。研究结果表明,弯曲角度改变了巷道内冲击波超压分布,巷道内爆炸冲击波是巷道壁面反射叠加增强作用与传播距离衰减效应综合作用的结果,在爆源近区反射叠加作用占主导地位,使峰值压力出现极值;随着传播距离的增加,冲击波衰减占主导地位,峰值超压随距离呈现为线性衰减。     

独头隧道爆破冲击波传播特征与爆源因素影响分析

为评估在隧道爆破冲击波作用下人员安全和建筑物毁伤问题,需要明晰施工隧道与交通隧道内爆破空气冲击波传播特征的区别。利用ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件对比分析独头与双向开口隧道内冲击波传播过程的差异性,研究爆源等效炸药当量、炸药多孔起爆及爆源位置等因素对爆破冲击波传播影响机制。结果表明：独头隧道内爆破冲击波传播经历三维球面波逐渐转换至一维平面波的3阶段变化模式,且独头隧道端部边界约束初始球面波几何扩散,经壁面反射叠加的超压增幅达20%;爆源炸药当量影响着波阵面变化,3阶段变化模式的波阵面转换位置与炸药当量呈幂函数负相关关系,随炸药当量提高而在更接近爆源位置转换;多炮孔起爆工况近场超压更大,而进入远场一维平面波传播区域,多炮孔起爆和爆源位置对冲击波超压分布特征影响有限;与单个爆源中心起爆工况相比,超压相对误差小于5%。     

模具中雷管爆炸的冲击波防护距离研究

为了研究模具中雷管爆炸产生的冲击波超压对雷管生产线传输皮带周围操作人员的伤害范围,测量了模具中单发到50发雷管同时爆炸后不同距离的空气冲击波超压峰值,并拟合了超压衰减曲线;根据空气冲击波超压与人员伤害程度的最小压力关系,得到了避免传输皮带周围操作人员出现"轻微"、"中等"、"严重"、"极严重"伤害时的安全防护距离。利用空气冲击波峰值超压公式定量分析了模具对其中雷管爆炸产生冲击波的吸收,表明模具具有良好的冲击波吸收作用。     

A methodology to predict shock overpressure decay in a tunnel produced by a premixed methane/air explosion

A methodology for estimating the blast wave overpressure decay in air produced by a gas explosion in a closed-ended tunnel is proposed based on numerical simulations. The influence of the tunnel wall roughness is taken into account in studying a methane/air mixture explosion and the subsequent propagation of the resulting shock wave in air. The pressure time-history is obtained at different axial locations in the tunnel outside the methane/air mixture. If the shock overpressure at two, or more locations, is known, the value at other locations can be determined according to a simple power law. The study demonstrates the accuracy of the proposed methodology to estimate the overpressure change with distance for shock waves in air produced by methane/air mixture explosions. The methodology is applied to experimental data in order to validate the approach.     

挡气板对综合管廊燃气舱爆炸冲击波传播规律影响研究

为研究挡气板对综合管廊燃气舱爆炸冲击波传播影响规律,采用Fluent模拟软件,研究三维燃气舱模型中不同挡气板间距下燃气爆炸后超压变化规律,探究不同间距挡气板对抑制燃气舱内爆炸冲击波传播效果.结果表明:挡气板对燃气舱中部超压影响较小,对顶部超压变化影响较大,导致燃气舱顶部挡气板处超压峰值激增;当气体填充区长20 m,挡气...     

Estimation of pressure distribution for shock wave through the bend of bend laneway

Propagation of the air shock wave caused by explosion via the bend of a bend laneway has obvious nonlinear characteristics, compared with its propagation in a straight laneway. These characteristics are important bases to analyze the accident of gas explosion in underground mines and to estimate the blast resistance of underground structures in mines. In this work, the rule of the shock wave propagation via the laneway bend and the pressure distribution are studied by means of the numerical simulation approach. Theoretical results show that attenuation of the peak overpressure with distance does not obey exponent law when the air shock wave goes through the laneway bend. At some locations within the bend zone, the overpressures are higher than ones around those locations, the front of original plane wave bends in the bend of the laneway and after passing through the bend, it gradually returns to the state of plane wave propagation. There is a span dependent on the cross section dimension of laneway and the bend angle and increasing with the bend angle, in which the peak overpressure of shock wave does not uniformly attenuate with distance. When the bend angle is equal to 135°, this span is about five times as long as the corresponding equivalent diameter of the laneway. Additionally, the impulse of air shock wave attenuates uniformly via the laneway bend. On the end section of the complicated pressure distribution area in the bend, it is 66.65–98.7% of that in the straight laneway at the same scaled distance.     

Attenuation of a point blast shock wave in the dusty air

The behavior of the blast impulse initiated by a point blast in the dusty air is investigated theoretically. It is shown that the jumps of parameters at the shock front in the dusty air follow other regularities in comparison with the case of an ideal gas, beginning from the distance of three dynamic radii, so at ten dynamic radii the difference in overpressure exceeds 60%. When the air heterogeneity is taken into account, substantial gradual changes of wave profile come over and the total blast wave impulse can't be determined by the front overpressure only. The known far asymptotic law takes no place in the point blast flow at the volume dust densities ρ₂₀ > 3·10^?3 kg/m³. In contrast to the ideal gas, the shock front discontinuity vanishes in the dusty air at a finite distance from its origin and the blast wave eventually turns into a dispersive wave without discontinuity. The wave structure changing is studied in the process of the shock wave transformation into the dispersive wave.     

Influence of laneway support spacing on methane/air explosion shock wave

A laneway support system provides an available way to solve problems related to ground movements in underground coal mines, but also poses another potential hazard. Once a methane/air explosion occurs in a laneway, inappropriate design parameters of the support system, especially the support spacing, likely have a negative influence on explosion disaster effects. The commercial software package AutoReaGas, a computational fluid dynamics code suitable for gas explosions, was used to carry out the numerical investigation for the methane/air explosion and blast process in a straight laneway with different support spacing. The validity of the numerical method was verified by the methane/air explosion experiment in a steel tube. Laneway supports can promote the development of turbulence and explosion, and also inhibit the propagation of flame and shock wave. For the design parameters in actual laneway projects, the fluid dynamic drag due to the laneway support plays a predominant role in a methane/air explosion. There is an uneven distribution of the peak overpressure on the same cross section in the laneway, and the largest overpressure is near the laneway walls. Different support spacing can cause obvious differences for the distributions of the shock wave overpressure and impulse. Under comparable conditions, the greater destructive effects of explosion shock wave are seen for the laneway support system with larger spacing. The results presented in this work provide a theoretical basis for the optimized design of the support system in coal laneways and the related safety assessments.     

Numerical simulation of blast wave oscillation effects on a premixed methane/air explosion in closed-end ducts

This paper investigated the effects of blast wave oscillation on the overpressure of premixed methane/air explosions by numerical simulations and experiments. The AutoReaGas 3D code and a duct were used in the study. The oscillation induced by the repeat reflection of a blast wave in a closed-end duct was observed by high-speed camera. There was an oscillation zone in the blast wave which exhibited some saw-toothed characteristics. This explained why the overpressure in closed-end ducts was higher than that in open-end ducts. In addition, some of the peak overpressure was even higher than the C–J pressure of 1.76 MPa. The peak overpressures at the ducts' ends were higher than at other measurement points for 5 m, 10 m, and 15 m long ducts. This was mainly due to the reflection of the blast wave. The oscillating period increased with increasing duct length, and could be calculated by t = 0.0003 + 0.00198 L. However, the duct's diameter had no significant influence on the oscillation's period. The amplitude increased with increases in the duct length, except for the case of a 20 m long duct, and increased with decreases in the ducts' diameter. In addition, the peak overpressures in ducts of the same length/diameter ratio were similar. The peak overpressure increased with the increase of the length/diameter ratio, and the maximum value of the peak overpressure in the ducts had the same trend. However, the overpressure did not increase when the length/diameter ratio reached 250.     

爆破冲击波在台阶法隧道内的传播特性研究*

为了解决目前隧道施工过程中掌子面开挖爆破产生的冲击波容易造成工程灾害的问题,基于宁攀高速胜利隧道台阶法开挖的实际情况,采用动力分析软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA及现场测试的方法研究冲击波在隧道上下台阶区段的传播规律。研究结果表明:初始冲击波传播至下台阶断面时先扩散至中上区域,与拱顶及侧壁碰撞反射后再传播至下部区域;冲击波在下台阶段0~10 m范围内,经多次反射叠加形成提升幅度约30%的第2次超压峰值;冲击波由上台阶较小断面进入下台阶较大断面传播时,超压衰减速度相对加快,过渡界面前后10 m范围内衰减系数由1.01%最高提升至1.05%。现场实测数据与数值模拟结果在上下台阶段得到的波形传播规律基本一致,验证数值模拟的可靠性。研究结果可为实际工程中爆破冲击波在变截面隧道中的控制措施提供参考。     

煤与瓦斯突出冲击波及瓦斯气流所致伤害研究

为揭示煤与瓦斯突出过程中冲击波及瓦斯气流传播特性,针对这种突出做功随瓦斯压力、煤的普氏系数和煤的放散初速度变化的特征,运用气体动力学理论,建立冲击波超压、冲击瓦斯流速度与传播距离以及煤层瓦斯压力等参数的关系,计算不同超压下瓦斯气流传播伤害的范围。理论计算与现场测试结果表明,突出冲击波属惰性弱冲击波;波阵面上的超压传播伤害距离与突出时瓦斯膨胀的强度、巷道断面及巷道壁面的摩擦力和局部阻力等因素有关;冲击产生的高压瓦斯气流是造成巷道内大量人员窒息伤亡的主要诱因;突出能量瞬间释放没有补给,冲击波及瓦斯气流会在巷道阻力等因素作用下迅速衰减。