计划烧除的应用与研究

火作为一个重要的生态因子影响着生态系统的平衡。林火生态是计划烧除的理论基础,讨论作广科学家应用于营林,生态系统的保护和野动物的保护等方面。文中还对林地计划火烧的间隔期和计划划烧除的效果与评价作了阐述,并讨论了计划烧除在应用在存在的问题。     

森林可燃物可持续管理技术理论与研究

实现森林可燃物可持续管理是减少和控制森林火灾的基础。本文介绍了基于可物管理的防火林带和计划火烧的预防和控制森林火灾方法。     

安全生产科技成果简介之四：KJB型箕斗防坠抓捕器

《火烧驱油安全配套技术》由中国石化胜利油田有限公司采油工艺研究院研制完成,通过国家鉴定,获2002年度安全生产科技成果二等奖。火烧驱油是重要的石油热力开采工艺,具有热力驱、气驱、混相驱的综合驱油作用,适用范围广、采收率高。确保安全生产是火烧驱油研究工作的首要目标和重中之重,为了“安全、高速、高效”地利用火烧驱油技术开发石油资源,胜利油田开展了火烧驱油安全配套技术研究,主要从火烧驱油物理模拟技术、火烧驱油安全点火工艺技术、火烧驱油安全注气工艺技术、火烧驱油生产及动态监测技术四个方面开展研究,并开发研制成了适合火烧驱油安全生产特点的点火、注气、采油生产工艺等配套技术和装备,为胜利油田火烧驱油开采     

环境温度对车用压缩天然气瓶火烧试验的影响

环境温度是研究车用压缩天然气瓶火烧试验机理的一个重要因素,因此有必要定量的研究环境温度对火烧试验的影响。在已有火烧试验数据的基础上,分析了环境温度对车用压缩天然气瓶火烧试验安全泄放压力和火烧持续时间两个关键指标的影响,结果表明安全泄放压力、火烧持续时间和环境温度均呈反比关系。     

滇中安宁“3·29”重大森林火灾火烧迹地灌木林的燃烧性研究

在滇中安宁2006年"3·29"重大森林火灾火烧迹地里没有人为干扰的火烧后光叶石栎灌木林设置样地,并在距离火烧迹地1km处未过火灌木林设置样地做对照,通过外业调查可燃物类型、高度和载量等并在实验室测定活灌木、死可燃物和CWD的热值、灰分质量分数和点着温度,以单位面积热量为关键指标,对比研究了火烧迹地和未过火灌木林的燃烧性。结果表明,研究样地中火烧迹地光叶石栎灌木林里死可燃物、活可燃物、CWD及总的单位面积热量分别为98 512.51 k J/m2、33 744.36 k J/m2、55 091.52 k J/m2和187 348.39k J/m2,达到较高的值,火烧迹地灌木林总的单位面积热量超过未过火对比灌木林168 944.83 k J/m2;火烧迹地光叶石栎灌木林仍然具有很强的燃烧性,一旦着火,很可能继续释放出大量的热,仍然有可能发展成重大森林火灾,将会对生态环境造成更大的破坏。     

消防射水对导线火烧熔痕金相组织的影响

模拟火灾现场,制作不同线径铜导线的火烧熔珠,然后在不同温度下对熔珠进行冷却.利用金相显微镜对火烧熔珠的金相组织进行观察,发现铜导线火烧熔痕在不同温度下经消防射水冷却后,会出现类似一次短路和二次短路熔痕的金相组织.     

车用复合材料储氢气瓶火烧试验方法标准对比研究

为了明确现有车用复合材料储氢气瓶火烧试验方法有待进一步研究的问题,介绍国内外车用复合材料储氢气瓶的技术规范与标准中的火烧试验方法,采用对比分析的方法,从试验形式、火源设置、温度测量要求、安全防护要求、试验温度要求、试验结果及合格指标等方面,分析各标准中车用复合材料储氢气瓶火烧试验方法的异同.结果 表明:国内外标准在车用...     

车用压缩天然气瓶火烧试验技术研究

介绍了车用压缩天然气气瓶的火烧试验要求,对检测设备进行了研究,对检测方法及检测中遇到的问题进行了分析探讨。     

东北林区火烧防火线方法研究

火烧防火线在东北林区应用广泛,是预防森林火灾的重要措施.这项工作由于受天气、可燃物、点火技术等各方面因素影响较大,应用时具有一定的风险性.本文针对火烧防火线过程中,用火条件的选择、点火技术的运用以及用火安全等方面加以分析.     

电熨斗过热故障火灾痕迹与火烧痕迹的对比分析

文章对电熨斗过热故障的火灾痕迹与火烧过程中遗留的痕迹特性进行了分析,通过对比发现,过热故障导致的火灾痕迹,无论在宏观形貌还是硬度分布等方面,均显著区别与火烧电熨斗的火灾痕迹.在现场勘查及物证提取与鉴定中,可依据分析的结果来判断火灾是否由电熨斗引起,进一步为火灾原因调查提供新的调查依据.     

如何在红松母树林内实施计划烧除

林口林业局通过对红松母树林下的细小可燃物进行计划烧除实验,证明这种方法不但是预防森林火灾、保护红松母树林安全的有效措施,而且还可消除森林病害虫和增加林木生长量。     

An experimental study on the burning rate of a continuously released n-heptane spill fire on an open water surface

Spill fires are common during oil product storage and transportation after a loss of containment. Since the burning fuel is moving and the fuel depth is quite shallow, the burning rate in a spill fire is different from that of a pool fire with a static burning zone. Unlike pool fires, which have been studied for decades and have well-established correlations for burning rate, research on spill fires is inadequate. In this paper, continuously released n-heptane spill fire experiments were conducted on open water surfaces with varying fuel discharge rates. The pool diameters were measured, and the spill fire burning rates were estimated based on a dynamic balance between fuel supply and combustion. The burning rates in n-heptane pool fires from the literature were reviewed and compared with the estimated burning rates in spill fires of the same dimension. The spill fire burning rate was found to be close to that in a pool fire during the initial burning phase but lower than that in a bulk burning pool fire and that in a “fuel-level-controlled” pool fire. The distinction between the burning rates of spill fires and pool fires is explained by the heat balance analysis of the fuel layer. A model for the spill fire burning rate was proposed accordingly. The results calculated with the presented model are closer to the measured data than those calculated with pool fire models.     

航空煤油薄油层燃烧特性实验研究

为研究薄油层燃烧特性，开展航空煤油薄层油池火实验，分析油品燃烧的整个过程、燃烧速率、火焰高度和辐射反馈等参数随时间的变化规律。结果表明:整个薄层燃烧过程除发展、稳定和熄灭阶段外，还存在薄层燃烧衰减阶段。稳定阶段的燃烧速率与初始油层厚度相关，但随着厚度的增加其逐渐趋于稳定；薄层燃烧衰减阶段，燃烧速率会随着实时油层厚度的下降逐渐降低。对比火焰高度的实测值和模型预测值发现，Heskestad模型的预测更接近实际结果；燃烧发展阶段后，火焰辐射反馈基本维持稳定，受初始厚度的影响较小，但辐射透射强度会随着油层厚度的降低而增加，且增速逐渐加快，表明辐射透射在薄层燃烧衰退阶段中起到关键作用。结合辐射透射的变化规律，将辐射反馈分为可吸收和不可吸收2部分，并提出用于预测辐射透射大小的经验模型。     

An experimental and modeling study of continuous liquid fuel spill fires on water

The spread of burning fuel spilled from oil product containers during offshore storage and transportation may cause large damage and trigger further accidents. Some analytical models already exist to predict the spread and burning behavior of liquid fuel spill fires, however, few experimental studies have been conducted to verify the model results. In this paper, continuous n-heptane spill fire experiments were conducted in a rectangular trench covered with water. The burning area, fuel spread rate, and thermal flux with different discharge flow rates and ignition delay times were investigated by both experimental and modeling means. The spill fire burning area, with 5 typical phases during burning, has a quasi-steady value which is directly proportional to the discharge rate but irrelevant to the ignition delay times. The steady burning rate, as the ratio of discharge rate over burning area, was estimated. A spread model was modified to simulate the spread of continuous liquid fuel spill fires in a one-dimensional channel, based on the balance between gravity and viscous forces. A cuboid solid flame model was used to compute the thermal flux from spill fires. The burning fuel spread and the heat flux calculated by the models agree with the experimental results.     

圆柱型燃烧器内甲烷燃烧转化率数值研究

甲烷燃烧具有环境污染小、放热量大等优点,但甲烷燃烧转化率受很多因素影响,因此,研究甲烷燃烧过程的转化率就显得尤为重要。基于计算流体力学中的涡耗散模型,运用有限容积法建立甲烷和空气非预混燃烧与扩散数学模型。针对具有3个小挡板,一个喷嘴的圆柱型燃烧器进行数值研究。结论:随着不同入口空气速度的逐渐增加,甲烷-空气非预混燃烧反应不充分,在轴向距离2 m处,反应生成的水和二氧化碳的含量逐渐减少,然而氧气增多,甲烷燃烧的转化率变低;随着不同入口甲烷速度的逐渐增加,甲烷-空气非预混燃烧反应充分,转化率变高;随着不同入口甲烷温度的增加,氧气浓度增加,甲烷-空气非预混燃烧反应不充分,转化率降低。     

庚烷池火多火源燃烧特性的实验研究

多火源燃烧是森林火灾和城市群发性火灾中重要而又特殊的火灾现象,相关研究很少。通过恒定控制液面高度的实验系统,对直径0.1m、0.2m和0.4m的庚烷池火在单个火源、两火源燃烧和三火源线性排列时的火焰高度、火焰体积和燃烧速率等特性进行了实验研究。研究发现,三火源燃烧时中间火源的火焰高度、火焰体积和燃烧速率明显高于两火源燃烧和单火源燃烧,三火源燃烧时边上火源与两火源的燃烧状况难以区分。这些燃烧特性随着火源间距的减小,呈现增大趋势。热量反馈增强和空气卷吸受限这两种火源相互作用机制相互耦合,且随着火源间距的减小而增强,在S/D（S为火源间距,D为油池直径）为2～4时,两种机制强烈竞争,在其他参数范围内热量反馈增强效应占主导作用。研究还发现火焰体积与热释放速率有较好的线性相关关系,单位火焰体积的热释放速率约为1614kW/m3。     

Combustion hazard of mixing ammonia with nitric oxide

Premixed ammonia/nitric oxide flame was simulated using the Lindstedt 1994 and Miller–Bowman 1989 reaction mechanisms in CHEMKIN. The predicted laminar burning velocities compared well with limited measured values in the literature. The effects of unburnt mixture temperature and pressure on laminar burning velocity, flammability limits, adiabatic flame temperature and species profiles were studied. The unburnt mixture temperature had a positive impact on both the laminar burning velocity and the adiabatic flame temperature, and it extended the ammonia-rich flammability limit. The pressure had a marginally negative influence on the laminar burning velocity, while it had a slightly positive effect on the adiabatic flame temperature.     

多因素下小尺度油罐火燃烧速率的研究

以正庚烷为研究对象,开展了不同因素耦合作用下小尺度油罐火燃烧特性的实验研究。结果表明:在不改变其他工况条件下,开口因子直接影响燃料燃烧速率,发现不同开口因子下燃烧速率与全开口下燃烧速率之比始终正比于对应的开口面积之比,且之间存在着相应的关系式。在实验所测两种液位6cm和8cm下,其燃烧速率变化不大,由此可发现,在该实验液位下油罐火液位高度不是影响燃烧速率的主要因素。在不同的风速下,随着风速的增加燃烧速率逐渐增加并趋于一定值,且不同开口因子下风速对燃烧速率的影响程度不同。风速对开口因子大的油罐燃烧速率的影响小于开口因子较小的油罐。