《个体防护装备选用规范》标准解读

《安全生产法》规定“生产经营单位必须为从业人员提供符合国家标准或者行业标准的劳动防护用品，并监督、教育从业人员按照使用规则佩戴、使用。”     

劳动防护用品 安全健康的保障

<正>劳动防护用品是生产经营单位为从业人员配备的、使其在劳动过程中免遭或者减轻事故伤害及职业危害的防护用品。我国《劳动法》规定:"用人单位必须为劳动者提供符合国家规定的劳动安全卫生条件和必要的劳动防护用品。"《安全生产法》也规定:"生产经营     

劳动防护用品不能"领而不用"

该文反映的情况值得各级主管部门领导和企业领导认真一读。劳防用品是人们预防伤亡事故和减少职业病危害必备的重要用品。据统计,在各类伤亡事故中有15%与个体防护装备有关,实际情况可能比这个数字还要大。《安全生产法》中第三十七条规定:“生产经营单位必须为从业人员提供符合国家标准或者行业标准的劳动防护用品,并监督、教育从业人员按照使用规则佩戴、使用。”各级领导应该按照规定认真督促检查,防止类似现象发生。     

如何正确采购、发放和使用劳动防护用品

建国以来，我国制定和颁发了一系列保障从业人员安全与健康的政策、法规、条例。“改善劳动条件。加强劳动保护”作为公民的基本权利之一，已经载入《中华人民共和国宪法》，成为保护劳动者的根本纲领。《劳动法》第五十四条规定，用人单位必须为劳动者提供必要的劳动防护用品。2002年11月1日起施行的《安全生产法》，更进一步就劳动防护用品作了规定，第三十七条规定：“生产经营单位必须为从业人员提供符合国家标准或者行业标准的劳动防护用品，     

化工企业人员的个体防护

正劳动防护用品是从业人员为防御物理、化学、生物等外界因素伤害所穿戴、配备和使用的各种防护用品的总称,是在生产条件无法完全消除各种危险有害因素的前提下,为保障从业人员的安全与健康所设置的最后一道防线。据不完全统计,由于缺乏劳动防护用品、劳动防护用品不合格或劳动防护用品使用不当而导致的各类人身伤亡事故约占工矿企业人身伤亡事故总数的16%,每年由各类急性职业中毒事故造成的直接损失就高达上百亿元。     

化工企业人员的个体防护简

劳动防护用品是从业人员为防御物理、化学、生物等外界因素伤害所穿戴、配备和使用的各种防护用品的总称，是在生产条件无法完全消除各种危险有害因素的前提下，为保障从业人员的安全与健康所设置的最后一道防线。据不完全统计，由于缺乏劳动防护用品、劳动防护用品不合格或劳动防护用品使用不当而导致的各类人身伤亡事故约占工矿企业人身伤亡事故总数的16%，每年由各类急性职业中毒事故造成的直接损失就高达上百亿元。     

劳动防护用品知识讲座(1)依法加强劳动防护用品监督管理

目前，我国有毒有害企业超过1600万家，受到职业病危害的人数超过2亿。尘肺职业病患者和可疑尘肺病患者约有百万。全国每年报告的职业中毒和生产性农药中毒病人近3万例，报告中毒死亡数约1500例。这一组数据向我们发出了警告。 在严峻的职业病形势背后，我们看到，不符合国家标准的假冒伪劣劳动防护用品大量进入市场，给生产经营单位职工带来伤亡和职业危害；一些用人单位不按规定配发劳动防护用品，职工不能正确使用；劳动防护用品监督管理薄弱；生产技术落后，防护性能差等一系列问题。劳动防护用品作为保障从业人员生命安全与健康的最后一道防线亟需加强。 今年7月22日，《劳动防护用品监督管理规定》作为国家安全生产监督管理总局第1号令予以公布，明确了加强劳动防护用品管理的工作思路，形成了统一的管理制度。为了宣传《劳动防护用品监督管理规定》以及国家有关的管理办法，普及劳动防护用品知识，本刊从2005年第12期开始，开设“劳动防护用品知识讲座”。每讲内容包括政策解析、产品知识、调查问卷3个部分。期望能够通过讲座传播知识，促进企业劳动防护用品管理，提高从业人员的自我防护技能，推动劳动防护用品产业的发展。为筑牢“最后一道防线”，添一块基石。[编者按]     

浅谈劳动防护用品监管

<正>近年来,职业病群体事件不断发生,尘肺病、铅镉中毒事件在社会上引起了强烈反响,"不带血的白伤"已经严重影响了广大接触职业危害因素的劳动者身心健康,职业病已成为危害劳动者身体健康和生命安全的重要因素。2005年,国家安全生产监管总局颁布第一号令《劳动防护用品监督管理规定》,旨在加强和规范劳防用品的监督管理,保障从业人员的安全与健康,并下设特种劳动防护用品安全标志管理中心,负责管     

劳动防护用品知识讲座(3)劳动防护用品使用企业管理(上)

2005年,笔者在随同国家安全生产监督管理总局和中华全国总工会联合组织的防护用品专项检查中发现,由于近几年防护用品的管理处于空白状态,致使认识不足、资金不到位、没有管理制度或制度不健全的现象普遍存在。在一家国内著名企业的作业现场,安全帽和防静电工作服竟然都是不符合国家标准的产品。针对重事故、轻防护的问题,国家安全生产监督管理总局及时出台了《劳动防护用品监督管理规定》。为帮助企业有效建立劳动防护用品管理制度,本文就制度的要点进行探讨。一、劳动防护用品的采购1.制订采购计划使用单位可以根据资金情况,所需劳动防护…     

劣质白纱手套的危害性分析与提高安全防护水平的对策

1引言劳动防护用品(简称护品)是指在劳动过程中能够对劳动者的人身起保护作用,使劳动者免遭或减轻各种人身伤害或职业危害的各种用品,它是保证企业安全生产的基础条件之一。《安全生产法》规定,用人单位必须为从业人员提供符合国家标准或者行业标准的护品,这是一项法定义务。据此,生产经营单位必须为从业人员提供护品,不得不提供,也不得以货币或其它物品替代护品。同时也意味着,护品地方标准和企业标准的技术要求必须高于国家标准或者行业标准,为从业人员提供不符合国家标准或行业标准的护品的企业,应当承担法律责任。但是,在一些成品油加油…     

Anthropometry for Design for the Elderly

This paper presents anthropometric data on elderly people in Australia. Data were collected in the metropolitan city of Sydney, NSW, Australia. In all 171 elderly people (males and females, aged 65 years and above) took part in the study. Mean values, standard deviations, medians, range, and coefficients of variation for the various body dimensions were estimated. Correlation coefficients were also calculated to determine the relationship between different body dimensions for the elderly population. The mean stature of elderly Australian males and females were compared with populations from other countries. The paper discusses design implications for elderly people and provides several examples of application of the anthropometric data.     

FA型高炉煤气管道火焰捕器研制

研制满足高炉煤气管道阻火的火焰捕器.内径88 mm、199 mm和305 mm组合爆炸管道模拟实验结果表明,FA型火焰捕器的阻火性能良好,满足高炉煤气管道阻火的技术要求,各项技术性能指标达到了设计要求.     

Methodology for selecting hole sizes for consequence studies

Predicting release rates is the first step, and a crucial step, in consequence analysis. When the release is from an isolated volume of vessel and/or piping, the release rate decreases with time. There is often debate about what equivalent hole sizes should be used for a consequence study, and usually a range of hole sizes (3–4 values) is examined.This paper shows the effect of hole size on the ultimate impact of hydrocarbon releases for several scenarios and the methodology to select them. The impact depends on the intensity and exposure time. The intensity for a fire is the thermal radiation level, and that for an unignited release is the gas concentration. As the release rate decreases with time, so does the intensity. Probit functions describe the probability of a given impact based on the time-varying intensity. For a number of example scenarios, the predictions show that the worst-case hole size is an intermediate hole size, i.e., the impact goes through a maximum with increasing hole size. For smaller holes, the event is small enough that its impact is low even though the duration is long. For larger holes, the initial event is large but decreases so rapidly that the impact is low. For the intermediate hole, the event is large enough, and the duration long enough, to cause the greatest impact.This consequence study was made evaluating hole sizes with diameters between 5 and 400 mm in a fixed volume upstream process vessel. Worst case scenario consequence predictions for fire damages, effects on people and toxic releases were determined to be somewhat different for different hole sizes. However, hole sizes in the 30 mm–90 mm range seems to have the highest impact in dry gas service.     

A framework for measuring safety level for production environments

The paper demonstrates the feasibility of applying a new approach termed hybrid structural interaction matrix (HSIM) to the prioritisation of safety parameters in an organization. The methodology proposed is a prioritizing concept that integrates the structural interaction matrix (SIM), the hierarchical tree structured diagram (HTSD), and the goal programming (GP) concept from the decision science field. The paper presents an easy-to-apply methodology that reduces subjectivity commonly found in existing prioritizing methodologies. To this end, the safety of the manufacturing organization is analyzed and the important areas conceptualized such that the safety manager could have a more precise measurement and understanding of the safety system. With this, the safety manager would obviously reduce errors in measurement due to bias in human assessment of safety performance that may be characterized of existing safety prioritizing paradigm. The originality in the work lies in the development of a new star in the applied form to safety management.     

线板式电除尘器中离子风的数值模拟

为了探索线板式电除尘器在高压放电过程中离子风的流动特性,使用Fluent软件对电除尘器进行三维数值模拟研究.通过用户自定义函数(UDF)编写实现了电场、流场以及颗粒场的耦合,讨论了在不同电场风速、运行电压和板间距下,离子风对流场特性的影响.结果 表明:在离子风的影响下,电晕极附近会形成对称的涡旋,电场风速较低时涡旋更明显;随电场风速增加离子风对主流气流的影响减弱,当电场风速大于0.8 m/s时,离子风的影响较弱;离子风对主流气流的影响也会随运行电压升高而增大,随板间距增大而减小.     

A criterion for developing credible accident scenarios for risk assessment

Maximum credible accident analysis is one of the most widely used concepts in risk assessment of chemical process industries. Central to this concept is the aspect of ‘credibility’ of envisaged accident scenarios. However, thus far the term credibility is mostly treated qualitatively, based on the subjective judgement of the concerned analysts. This causes wide variation in the results of the studies conducted on the same industrial unit by different analysts.

This paper presents an attempt to develop a criterion using which credible accident scenarios may be identified from among a large number of possibilities. The credible scenarios thus identified may then be processed for detailed consequence analysis. This would help in reducing the cost of the analysis and prevent undue emphasis on less credible scenarios at the expense of more credible ones.     

Announcing the CDC guideline for prescribing opioids for chronic pain

This guideline provides recommendations for primary care providers who are prescribing opioids for chronic pain outside of active cancer treatment, palliative care, and end-of-life care. The guideline addresses: (a) when to initiate or continue opioids for chronic pain; (b) opioid selection, dosage, duration, follow-up, and discontinuation; and (c) assessing risk and addressing harms of opioid use. This guideline is intended to improve communication between providers and patients about the risks and benefits of opioid therapy for chronic pain, improve the safety and effectiveness of pain treatment, and reduce the risks associated with long-term opioid therapy, including abuse, dependence, overdose, and death (Dowell D, Haegerich TM, Chou R. CDC Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Chronic Pain — United States, 2016. MMWR Recomm Rep 2016;65:1–49. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.rr6501e1.)     

重大事故的应急救援预案编制技术

重大应急预案编制是安全生产的一项重要基础工作 ,对于提高应急救援能力 ,控制事故与灾害的恶化 ,保障人民安全具有重大意义。笔者从应急预案编制的技术层面上 ,论述了应急预案的基本框架和应急预案体系 ;认为该体系可以由 6个一级和 2 0个二级的核心要素构成。其中 ,应急策划是制定应急预案的技术基础 ,包括风险评价、资源分析和法律法规要求 3个二级要素 ;应急准备包括机构与职责、应急设备设施与物质、应急人员培训、预案演练、公众教育和互助协议 6个二级要素 ;应急响应是应急预案中核心的内容 ,包括现场指挥与控制等 1 1个二级要素。所提出的应急救援预案文件体系 ,建议一般按照四级文件形式的设想 ,应急预案的目标是提高整体应急能力 ;建议把应急预案的具体编制过程划分为 6个基本的步骤 ,对于预案编制与实施应实现持续改进的机制