试论社会主义市场经济条件下完善“三同时”监察工作的对策

试论社会主义市场经济条件下完善“三同时”监察工作的对策李伟光，李应征（山东省劳动厅）劳动安全卫生“三同时”，是指新建、改建、扩建工程项目中的劳动安全卫生设施，应与主体工程同时设计、同时施工、同时投产使用，以确保该项目符合国家劳动安全卫生法规标准的要求...     

中日合作项目中方人员在日本进修培训

国家安全生产监督管理总局中日合作项目在顺利进行中，日本JICA、中灾防给为中国职业安全卫生工作者提供了学习进修机会。中国安全生产科学研究院有关人员参加了进修培训，访问了日本厚生劳动省劳动基准局、爱知县劳动局、名北劳动基准监督署和中灾防中部安全卫生服务中心、名北劳动基准协会、京都工场保健会等日本劳动安全卫生行政机构及有关社会团体，参观了零灾害运动开展很好的积水化学工业株式会社等。了解了日本劳动安全卫生工作概况、动安全卫生法制建设情况、工伤保险情况、劳动安全卫生信息统计情况、社会团体发挥作用情况、企业劳动安全卫生管理情况。日本作为世界经济强国，始终把劳动安全卫生放在优先位置，安全、生产、效益协同发展，相互促进，劳动安全卫生工作取得了明显成效。     

劳动安全卫生工作的出发点和立足点

劳动安全卫生工作的出发点和立足点崔国璋（中国工运学院）劳动安全卫生工作的出发点是保护劳动者在劳动过程中的安全与健康，立足点是预防事故，减少职业危害。因而，我国的劳动安全卫生工作的方针是“安全第一，预防为主”。我国劳动安全卫生工作必须紧紧围绕这一方针，...     

社会主义市场经济条件下我国劳动安全卫生策略研究（3）：我国…

依据国家劳动安全卫生法规开展国家监察，工伤职业病社会保障和安全卫生技术培训的作用，提出我国劳动安全卫生政策的基本框架，认为我国劳动安全卫生法规体系由横向的职业安全卫生法，矿山安全法和工伤职业病保险法及其分别纵向附属的技术规程和标准所构成，讨论了监察的有效性取决于它的权威和独立，指出工伤职业病社会保障在预防工伤事故和职业危害方面有巨大潜力，坚持逐步形成３级的职业安全卫生技术培训体制。大力扶植使劳动保     

劳动安全卫生迈向二十一世纪的发展战略初探

劳动安全卫生迈向二十一世纪的发展战略初探张界国（江西锂厂）１前言时代需要劳动安全卫生事业的完善及繁荣，时代呼唤着劳动安全卫生事业的大发展，要开创安全少灾的２１世纪的新局面，必须在新世纪到来之前，共同商讨劳动安全卫生的发展战略。２科教树人世间一切事物中...     

为进一步发展我国的劳动安全卫生事业而努力

为进一步发展我国的劳动安全卫生事业而努力劳动部副部长王建伦一、建国以来劳动安全卫生工作取得重大进展劳动安全卫生是保护职工的安全健康，造福于人民的伟大事业。防止伤亡事故和职业病的发生，是一项长期的永驻青春的工作。有效地减少伤亡事故和职业危害，建立良好的...     

社会主义市场经济条件下劳动安全卫生工作中的第三方认证与注册

我国正处在从计划经济向市场经济转轨的过程，劳动安全卫生管理系统也在发生着重要变化。根据劳动安全卫生管理工作中存在的问题，分析并提出利用非官方的、独立自主的第三方认证／注册机构的优点和缺点。     

劳动安全卫生标准体系编制探讨

阐述了劳动安全卫生标准体系研究的目的与意义,分析比较了劳动安全卫生标准分类的几种可能方案,着重讨论并提出整个劳动安全卫生标准体系的层次结构方框图。     

社会主义市场经济条件下我国劳动安全卫生策略研究（2）：…

论述了劳动安全卫生政策是国家政治，经济和社会政策的重要组成部分，是开展职业安全卫生工作的总方针和基础，其基本观点是：１）劳动安全卫生政策是一项国家的基本政策应与国家经济，社会发展总目标协调一致；２）政策的核心是保障劳动者安全健康这一基本权益；３）劳动安全卫生政策应适应市场经济，但不能由市场进行调节；４）我国劳动卫生工作发展目标是安全卫生的工作环境，安全健康的劳动者；５）国家社会，经济和技术现状是国     

劳动安全卫生标准化现状及建议

本文着重阐述了劳动安全卫生标准化工作的内涵与意义,分析了劳动安全卫生标准化工作的国内外现状,针对问题提出了加快我国劳动安全卫生标准发展的几项建议。     

职业健康安全体系在火电机组调试中的实践应用

本文主要介绍在土耳其阿特拉斯2×600MW伊斯肯德伦电厂调试项目部建立职业健康安全体系,以及所有系统试运、试验的危险源辨识和预防措施制定问题,为机组安全调试和避免人员健康损害提供了保证,也为火电调试机组调试项目建立职业健康安全体系提供了借鉴意义。     

Synthesis and recommendations of the economic evaluation of OHS interventions at the company level conference

PROBLEM: In today's economic environment, enterprises may not be able to fund every new project aimed at promoting health and safety in the workplace. Company level economic evaluation of interventions can provide guidance in sound business decision-making. The Economic Evaluation of Occupational Health and Safety Interventions at the Company Level Meeting brought together members of the global occupational safety and health community interested in encouraging the use of economic knowledge and tools to evaluate economic gains from occupational health and safety interventions. DISCUSSION: Discussions of the six models presented explored similarities, reliability, and potential use by corporate enterprises, small and medium enterprises, developing and transitioning nations, and economic theorists. Each group provided specific projects that could be pursued to advance knowledge in the area of economic evaluation at the company level. CONCLUSION: This conference established pathway to incorporate economic evaluation of health and safety interventions or programs at the workplace.     

Workers' active involvement in the improvement of occupational safety and health in a textile enterprise--a case study.

Part of the Polish-Swedish OSHMAN project was carried out in a textile company. It aimed at implementing and improving effective health and safety management with workers' active involvement at all levels of the enterprise. The two main problems to be solved during the project were decreasing occupational risk and improving workers' poor knowledge on occupational risk. Training courses, workshops and practical activities were undertaken. As expected, there were changes in work organisation and improvement in the way workstations were looked after, which led to a decrease in occupational risk. Workers were highly committed during the project. Nevertheless it seems that more training should be directed at middle management.     

日本职业卫生管理及对中国的启示

依据中日合作项目《加强中国国家安全生产科学技术能力计划》成果，系统介绍了日本职业卫生监管机构、法规、职业病确定、作业环境管理等。同时，结合中国职业卫生管理体制尚未完全理顺、法规较滞后、专业人才不足、企业基础资料不全和自主管理体制不健全等现状，提出了进一步明确职业卫生管理体制、完善职业卫生法规、建立职业卫生统计制度、强化企业自主管理能力等建立健全中国职业卫生管理的对策和建议。本文对完善中国职业卫生管理具有重要的参考意义。     

Working Life Across Cultures: “Work Life 2000: Quality in Work” and Occupational Health Education in Developing Countries

The article reflects on the changing world of work, and the challenges presented to both occupational health and occupational health education. We draw on the 63 preparatory workshops and the international conference in the “Work Life 2000: Quality in Work” program, an initiative of the Swedish Presidency of the European Union. The International Commission on Occupational Health is introduced, with particular concentration on a current practical project initiated by the Department of Health in South Africa, intended to lead to a set of projects, networking for occupational health education in developing countries. The practical initiatives cast light on a new set of issues that arise when occupational health and safety crosses cultural barriers, and previously separate comparative cases are linked.     

职业卫生工作若干问题思考与探讨

在概述职业卫生内涵与基本属性的基础上,对其与职业安全、职业医学与公共卫生的关系进行初探.职业卫生是影响社会经济持续发展的重要因素,是以职业人群和作业环境为服务对象,以为劳动者创造或改善劳动条件(作业环境、劳动组织与管理)为主要手段,以预防和控制职业病或职业危害事故的发生为目的的一项劳动保护工作,与职业安全密不可分,同属劳动关系中劳动保护范畴,与职业医学、公共卫生也有着密切的关系,但并不等同.职业安全卫生的一体化管理是经济社会发展的必然要求,也是我国当前安全生产管理中亟需解决的重要问题.     

Small enterprises – Accountants as occupational health and safety intermediaries

Small enterprises face serious occupational health and safety challenges. The occupational risks are high and resources to control the risks are low. There is an ongoing search for ways that authorities and professional bodies can efficiently reach out to small enterprises with preventive measures. It has been suggested in the literature that accountants could act as intermediaries on health and safety. A pilot project was carried out in Denmark to test this possibility. State-authorized accountants were invited to training seminars to give them the necessary health and safety knowledge to provide advice to small enterprises. 164 accountants participated in the seminars and 74 accountants replied to a follow up questionnaire about their experience of advising their small enterprise clients about health and safety. Most of the accountants had actually given health and safety advice and for most of them it was a positive experience. However, they also faced constraints due to the relatively minor role health and safety played in their agendas with their clients and their own limited knowledge about health and safety even after taking part in the training seminars. This study concludes that it is possible for accountants to act as health and safety intermediaries, but that institutional support for the training activities is important to secure a broader application of this approach.     

中国职业安全的现实问题

中国职业安全现实引起社会关注,特别是务工农民伤亡事故的数字背后,隐含着对职业安全的认识,职业人群的安全健康理念,职业安全健康的法规基础等深层次问题。笔者指出了现代职业安全存在的现实状况;提出需要关注的难点;强调人的安全健康是职业安全的实质;给出了职业安全与安全生产的差异,分析了务工农民的安全意识与安全文化冲突,呼吁职业安全需要法律保障,建立一体化的职业安全健康法律法规体系,以《宪法》为基础,以人为本,保护从业人员的安全健康。     

浅析建立、实施职业安全卫生管理体系的重要性

介绍职业安全卫生管理体系的由来及发展趋势，论述国内部分企业已经具备了建立、实施职业安全卫生管理体系的条件，分析建立、实施职业安全卫生管理体系对企业安全管理工作的促进作用。     

The effect of first aid training on Australian construction workers' occupational health and safety motivation and risk control behavior

METHOD: A 24-week experiment was conducted to assess how first aid training affects the motivation of small business construction industry employees in avoiding occupational injuries and illnesses and its effect on their occupational health and safety behavior. A simplified multiple baseline design across workplace settings was used to evaluate the effects of first aid training. Participants' motivation to control occupational safety and health risks was explored during in-depth interviews before and after receipt of first aid training. Objective measurement of occupational safety and health behavior was conducted by a researcher directly observing the workplace before and after participants received first aid training. RESULTS: The observations at participants' worksites suggested that, for the most part, the first aid training had a positive effect on the occupational safety and health behavior of participants. First aid training appeared to reduce participants' "self--other" bias, making them more aware that their own experience of occupational safety and health risks is not beyond their control but that their own behavior is an important factor in the avoidance of occupational injury and illness. First aid training also appeared to reduce participants' willingness to accept prevailing levels of occupational safety and health risk and increase the perceived probability that they would suffer a work-related injury or illness. Participants expressed greater concern about taking risks at work after receiving first aid training. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: It appears that first aid training enhances participants' motivation to avoid occupational injuries and illnesses and improves their risk control behavior. The implications of this are that first aid training can have a positive preventive effect and could complement traditional occupational health and safety training programs. As such, there may be benefit in providing first aid training to all employees rather than limiting this training to a small number of designated "first aiders."