氩气协同超细水雾抑制甲烷爆炸试验研究

为加强超细水雾对甲烷爆炸的抑制效果,搭建小尺寸半封闭甲烷爆炸试验平台,开展氩气协同超细水雾抑制甲烷爆炸试验。通过单因素和曲面优化试验,测试氩气、超细水雾以及两者的协同作用对甲烷爆炸的抑制效果;从火焰特性、最大爆炸超压和平均升压速率3个方面探究氩气和超细水雾协同抑爆的优越性。结果表明:氩气和超细水雾协同抑制甲烷爆炸效果显著;随着氩气体积分数和超细水雾喷雾量的增加,火焰冲出管道的时间逐渐延长,最大爆炸超压和平均升压速率逐渐降低;其中氩气体积分数10%、超细水雾喷雾量4.2 m L的工况抑制效果最佳;甲烷最大爆炸超压较氩气和超细水雾单独作用下分别下降6.15和2.68 k Pa,说明氩气和超细水雾抑止甲烷爆炸具有协同效应。     

含添加剂细水雾抑制瓦斯爆炸有效性试验研究

为进一步提高细水雾的抑爆灭火效能,在建立细水雾抑爆系统试验平台的基础上,选用MgCl2、FeCl2和NaHCO3这3种添加剂,研究细水雾对瓦斯爆炸火焰的抑制效果.结果表明:使用含添加剂细水雾后,体积分数为9.5％的瓦斯的爆炸传播速度从13.8 m/s至少降到2.75 m/s;水雾区火焰长度最多缩短了242 mm;含0.8％FeCl2的细水雾有效性系数为6,有效性最高;从火焰图片剖面像素分布可以看出,火焰的辐射体温度均出现了不同程度的降低.不同添加剂不同程度地提高了细水雾的灭火效能,对瓦斯体积分数接近化学当量比的火焰传播有明显抑制效果.     

含NaCl超细水雾抑制甲烷爆炸实验研究

为研究含NaCl添加剂超细水雾对甲烷爆炸的影响,在自制的半封闭透明管道内,进行含NaCl添加剂超细水雾抑制甲烷爆炸试验,通过检测和分析在不同NaCl浓度情况下超细水雾的粒径和甲烷爆炸的平均火焰传播速度、爆炸超压以及平均升压速率,探究NaCl浓度对超细水雾粒径及其对抑制甲烷爆炸有效性的影响。研究结果表明:NaCl浓度对超细水雾粒径影响较小;对于体积分数为9.5%的甲烷,相比于纯甲烷爆炸,其平均火焰传播速率、最大爆炸超压以及平均升压速率分别下降了53.7%,63.4%和60.7%,相比于超细纯水雾,其平均火焰传播速率、最大爆炸超压以及平均升压速率分别下降了38.6%,58%,56%;在通雾量相同的条件下,浓度为2.5%NaCl超细水雾对体积分数为9.5%的甲烷爆炸抑制性能最佳;含NaCl添加剂超细水雾的物理化学共同作用可以有效抑爆甲烷。     

水雾喷洒时间对滑移装置下甲烷爆炸特性影响

为提升滑移装置抑爆效果，在方形管中通入体积分数为9.5%甲烷/空气预混气体，分析细水雾协同不同弹性系数滑移装置作用下，水雾起始喷洒时间对预混气体爆炸特性影响。结果表明：先喷、指尖喷出现坡形火焰二次加速火焰传播，爆炸反应加剧，水雾不同程度充当障碍物加速火焰传播和碰壁断链，缩短火焰熄灭时间；后喷细水雾障碍物作用微弱，利用吸热降温作用抑制火焰传播，熄灭耗时相对较长。在爆炸超压方面，0.22 N/mm、0.42 N/mm 2种弹性系数滑移装置协同作用，先喷情形超压峰值增幅分别为9.25%、16.55%,指尖喷情形则高达88.71%、77.37%,促爆效果明显。后喷有一定的抑爆作用，超压峰值降幅分别为7.11%、2.93%。综上，后喷的抑爆效果优于先喷和指尖喷。     

含弱约束端面直角管道汽油蒸气爆炸及七氟丙烷抑爆研究*

为研究七氟丙烷对汽油蒸气爆炸抑制作用,搭建含弱约束端面直角管道汽油蒸气爆炸抑制实验系统,开展汽油蒸气爆炸实验研究,并与喷入七氟丙烷抑爆介质进行对比,分析爆炸超压值、火焰强度值和火焰传播速度等爆炸特性参数变化情况。结果表明:在1.3%,1.5%和1.7%汽油蒸气体积分数下,不加抑爆介质时,爆炸超压值、火焰强度和火焰传播速度随着汽油蒸气体积分数的升高而增大;将七氟丙烷作为抑爆介质喷入时,爆炸超压峰值分别下降91.06%,34.57%和50.92%,火焰强度降幅达到99.83%,火焰传播速度几乎降为0,火焰持续时间随之缩短几乎为0,七氟丙烷具有良好的阻隔防爆效果。     

甲烷-空气预混区外含钾细水雾抑爆特性研究

为了解含钾细水雾在综合管廊燃气泄漏场景下的抑爆能力,采用自制的爆炸试验系统,开展含添加剂细水雾位于甲烷-空气爆炸区域外的抑爆试验,分析纯水及草酸钾、碳酸钾、氯化钾3种含钾化合物细水雾对9.5%甲烷-空气爆炸超压与过火范围的影响。研究结果表明：纯水细水雾的临界抑爆雾化质量浓度区间为320～480 g/m³;含草酸钾条件下超压下降率随质量分数增加呈现正态累积分布函数(NormalCDF)变化,最佳抑爆质量分数为10%;当雾化质量浓度为480 g/m³、雾滴D₃₂为61.7μm、化合物质量分数为10%时,对应抑爆能力均大于纯水细水雾条件,其中,含草酸钾抑爆能力最强,其次为碳酸钾与氯化钾,峰值超压下降率较纯水细水雾条件分别提高2.32、1.88与1.53倍,过火范围分别缩减46.7%、40%与13.3%。相较于碳酸钾与氯化钾条件,爆炸气体预混区域外含草酸钾细水雾能够吸收更多的爆炸热量、消耗更多的活性自由基。     

半封闭管道内瓦斯煤尘爆炸火焰传播规律研究

为了探究瓦斯煤尘爆炸火焰的传播规律,采用自行搭建的半封闭垂直管道爆炸试验系统,研究瓦斯体积分数和煤尘质量浓度的改变对火焰传播规律的影响。结果表明:1)加入煤尘后的瓦斯爆炸火焰传播速度显著增大;2)在爆炸腔体内,瓦斯体积分数越接近化学当量比,煤尘质量浓度越接近50 g/m3,爆炸火焰传播速度越快;3)在传播管道内,大量的氧气从开口端进入参与反应,瓦斯体积分数和煤尘质量浓度较大的试验组,火焰传播速度会迅速上升; 4)煤尘质量浓度和瓦斯体积分数存在最佳配比,煤尘质量浓度和瓦斯体积分数偏离最佳浓度配比程度较大时,火焰传播加速度下降,传播距离变短。     

超细水雾抑制甲烷爆炸的影响因素分析

为深入了解超细水雾对甲烷爆炸的抑制作用,搭建小尺寸半封闭可视化试验平台并开展试验,研究超细水雾喷施量、甲烷体积分数、通入甲烷位置和预混时间4个因素对甲烷与空气的混合物的爆炸的影响。结果表明:超细水雾能有效抑制甲烷爆炸,其中对9. 5%甲烷的抑制作用最明显;随着超细水雾喷施量的增大,抑制作用增强;甲烷体积分数对甲烷爆炸最大爆炸超压ΔP_(max)有显著影响,超细水雾喷施量对甲烷爆炸ΔP_(max)有一定影响;超细水雾喷施量对甲烷爆炸火焰传播时间有显著影响,甲烷体积分数对甲烷爆炸火焰传播时间有一定影响。     

超细水雾对管内丙烷爆炸火焰抑制效果的试验研究

利用自行研制的超细水雾抑制管内丙烷爆炸的小尺寸试验系统,研究超细水雾抑制管内丙烷爆炸的有效性.试验采用0.6m×0.09m的圆柱形透明玻璃管,研究体积分数为2.7％～3.7％的丙烷/空气预混气体在0～2 mL超细水雾作用下的爆炸火焰传播特性,测定超细水雾作用下丙烷爆炸下限及火焰传播速度的变化规律,探讨超细水雾对管内丙烷爆炸火焰的抑制机理及效果.结果表明:超细水雾可显著提高丙烷的爆炸下限,降低丙烷爆炸的危险性;超细水雾可有效抑制丙烷爆炸的传播速度,且随超细水雾添加量增大,传播速度不断降低;根据抑制率计算结果,在贫燃料情况下,超细水雾对丙烷爆炸的抑制效果随雾量增大和体积分数降低而增强.     

不同含水率煤尘在瓦斯爆炸诱导下爆炸传播规律研究

为了探究不同含水率煤尘在瓦斯爆炸诱导下的爆炸传播规律,利用自行搭建的直管瓦斯爆炸诱导煤尘二次爆炸实验系统,从冲击波压力和火焰传播速度2个方面,研究了不同含水率沉积煤尘在瓦斯爆炸诱导下的爆炸传播规律和原因。研究结果表明:当煤尘含水率小于40%时,管道内沉积煤尘会在瓦斯爆炸诱导下产生二次爆炸,同时沉积煤尘总量一定时,沉积煤尘二次爆炸产生的冲击波超压峰值和火焰传播速度随着煤尘含水率的增加先增大后减小;当沉积煤尘含水率为20% 时,煤尘二次爆炸产生的冲击波超压峰值、火焰传播速度峰值达到最大值,分别为1.657 MPa和468.060 m/s;当沉积煤尘含水率大于40%时,沉积煤尘无法产生二次爆炸,此时爆炸产生的威力小于单一瓦斯爆炸,火焰传播速度衰减较无煤尘的瓦斯爆炸更快,沉积煤尘起到抑制瓦斯爆炸传播的作用。研究结果可以为防治煤尘二次爆炸提供理论依据。     

Experimental research on methane/air explosion inhibition using ultrafine water mist containing methane oxidizing bacteria

In order to deeply understand the inhibitory effect of ultrafine water mist containing methane-oxidizing bacteria on methane explosion, a small-sized semi-closed visual experimental platform was built. Five different application mist amounts (0.7 mL, 2.1 mL, 3.5 mL, 4.9 mL, 6.3 mL) of ultrafine water mist containing methane-oxidizing bacteria on 9.5% methane explosion were studied experimentally. Ultrafine water mist was generated by the ultrasonic atomization generator, and mist size was measured by a winner319 laser particle size analyzer. During the methane explosion, a high-frequency pressure sensor collected pressure change data, and a high-speed camera recorded the flame development process. The results indicated that the maximum explosion overpressure (ΔP_max) decreased with time, and the arrival time of the maximum explosion overpressure (ΔP_max) delayed. The appearance time of the “tulip” shaped flame delayed, and the flame propagation speed decreased. The ultrafine water mist and deposition can effectively inhibit the methane explosion. The explosion suppression effect of the second step spraying water mist was better. The improvement of the explosion suppression effect of the ultrafine water mist containing methane-oxidizing bacteria was attributed to the degradation effect of the methane-oxidizing bacteria. Under long-term degradation, methane-oxidizing bacteria in water mist play a role in inhibiting methane explosion.     

Study on the characteristics of gas explosion affected by induction charged water mist in confined space

To investigate the suppression effect of charged water mist on gas explosion, a small charged water mist generator and a gas explosion simulation device were designed based on the principle of electrostatic induction. Experiments for testing characteristics of the gas explosion in a confined space under different charged polarities, charged voltages and mist fluxes were carried out. Experimental results indicated that, compared with the normal water mist, the explosion peak overpressure and the flame propagation speed could be more effectively reduced by the charged water mist. And this suppression effect could be promoted by increasing the charged voltage. To visualize the effect of the charged water mist's polarity on gas explosion, comparative experiments were conducted. The results showed that the explosion peak overpressure, the overpressure rising rate, and the propagation speed of the flame were reduced by 64.7%, 33.0% and 19.4%, respectively, when a +8 kV charged voltage was applied. In situation where a -8 kV charged voltage was applied, 64.1%, 26.5% and 16.0% reductions were achieved for the explosion peak overpressure, the overpressure rising rate, and the flame propagation speed respectively. Comparison of this data leads to the conclusion that the gas explosion could be more efficiently suppressed by the positively charged water mist.     

Experimental study on the mitigation via an ultra-fine water mist of methane/coal dust mixture explosions in the presence of obstacles

In this paper, experimental investigations were performed for the mitigation via an ultra-fine water mist of methane/coal dust mixture explosions in the presence of obstacles to reveal the effects of the obstacles in this scenario. Two PCB piezo-electronic pressure transducers were used to acquire the pressure history, a Fastcam Ultima APX high-speed video camera was used to visualize both the process of the mixture explosion and its mitigation. The diameters of the coal dust, the types of obstacles and the volumes of ultra-fine water mist were varied in the tests. The parameters of the explosion overpressure and the range of critical volume flux of the ultra-fine water mist for explosion mitigation were determined. The results show that the mixture explosion and its mitigation are primarily influenced by the number, shape and set locations of the obstacles. When the volume flux of the water mist is larger than a certain amount, the mixture explosions and the effects of obstacles can be completely mitigated with the ultra-fine water mist.     

管道内瓦斯煤尘共混爆炸温度特性

采用瞬态火焰传播实验系统,对7%,8%,9%,10%和11%的瓦斯体积浓度分别与不同浓度的长焰煤煤尘混合,并使用直径25 μm的Pt/Rh13-Pt微细热电偶测量温度,揭示受限空间内瓦斯与煤尘混合爆炸温度特性。结果表明:煤尘浓度一定时,随着瓦斯浓度的增加,爆炸温度先增加后减小;纯瓦斯浓度在10%时爆炸温度最高,加入煤尘后的混合体系中,瓦斯浓度为9%时爆炸温度最高;瓦斯浓度不变时,随着煤尘浓度的增加,爆炸温度一直减小;7%~11%瓦斯分别与130 g/m3煤尘混合爆炸后测得最高温度分别为1 333.6,1 475.4,1 511.4,1 455.6,1 396.4 ℃;与9%纯瓦斯爆炸相比,9%瓦斯与130,260,520,780 g/m3煤尘混合爆炸后测得最高温度分别降低7.2%,11.5%,15.0%和22.9%。结论得到的瓦斯煤尘共混爆炸温度数据可为煤矿灾害高温防护提供参考依据。     

瓦斯爆炸引起沉积煤尘爆炸传播实验研究

运用井下大型实验巷道对瓦斯爆炸诱导沉积煤尘爆炸进行实验研究,并对几次实验结果进行对比分析。通过对爆炸压力以及火焰产生、发展、传播过程进行的分析,得出瓦斯爆炸引起沉积煤尘爆炸过程中压力波存在回传现象;在煤尘刚开始参与爆炸处,爆炸超压有一个较长的持续时间;爆炸火焰的传播速度在铺有煤尘段迅速上升,最后有一平缓的上升阶段,过了煤尘段开始下降;火焰区长度约为煤尘区长度的2倍等规律。实验研究发现的规律为有效的预防瓦斯煤尘爆炸事故提供了理论依据。     

The influence of the charge-to-mass ratio of the charged water mist on a methane explosion

To study the influence of the charge-to-mass ratio of a charged water mist on a methane explosion, the induction charging method was used to induce charge on a normal water mist; a mesh target method was employed to test the charge-to-mass ratio of its droplets. The propagation images, propagation average velocities, and overpressures of a methane explosion suppressed by charged water mist were analysed. The influence of the charge-to-mass ratio of the suppressant water mist on a methane explosion was studied. Results show that the explosion temperature, propagation average velocity, and peak overpressure deceased more obviously with charged water mist than ordinary water mist. With increasing charge-to-mass ratio, the suppression effect of the charged water mist underwent a significant increase. Under experimental conditions, compared with ordinary water mist, when the charge-to-mass ratio was 0.445 mC/kg and the mist flux was 4 L, the minimum flame propagation average velocity was 3.456 m/s, with a drop of 2.37 m/s (40.68%), and the peak overpressure of the methane explosion was 10.892 kPa, with a drop of 10.798 kPa (49.78%). The suppression effect is considered from the changes of the physico-chemical properties of the water mist as affected by the applied charge-to-mass ratio.     

大长径比管道汽油-空气混合气爆炸与抑制实验研究*

为探究狭长受限空间中油气爆炸失控时的发展状态,探索高效环保的油气爆炸抑制方法,利用长径比155的管道开展92号汽油-空气混合气爆炸发展规律和七氟丙烷主动抑爆技术研究。通过测量不同端部开口条件下油气爆炸超压、火焰传播速度、火焰强度等参数,对比研究空爆和抑爆工况下的油气爆炸变化规律,探讨长直管道中的油气爆炸特性,分析七氟丙烷抑爆效果。结果表明:大长径比管道中,端部开口泄爆对降低油气爆炸破坏能力的作用较小,开口与否对最大超压峰值的出现位置有影响;长直管道空爆时,油气爆炸由爆燃发展成爆轰,管道尾部的爆轰波速可达近2 000 m/s;密闭管道中,爆轰发生前火焰传播呈“已燃区-火焰锋面-待燃区-前驱激波-未燃区”的2波3区结构;主动抑爆方式下七氟丙烷抑爆效果良好,最大超压峰值降低幅度可达90%,火焰传播被及时阻断。