建筑施工班组安全氛围量表设计与应用

为有效测量建筑工程施工班组安全氛围,预防安全事故,设计建筑工程施工班组安全氛围量表。通过文献回顾和专家访谈,确定安全氛围测量指标;利用问卷调查建筑工人对其所在班组和项目安全情况的认识;采用探索性因子分析方法确定班组安全氛围维度;编制施工班组安全氛围量表;最后,将量表应用于南京某项目架子工班组进行安全氛围测量与分析。结果显示,建筑工程施工班组安全氛围影响因素主要来自班组成员、项目部和工作环境。该架子工班组成员安全施工合作与项目部的安全监管表现不好,仍需要加强。从施工班组的角度进行安全氛围测量与分析,有助于管理者开展施工安全管理,提高施工安全水平。     

核电厂建造施工班组安全氛围测量量表研究

为提高核电厂建造施工安全管理水平,基于软件、硬件、环境、人员(SHEL)模型,从4个方面划分维度,设计核电厂建造施工班组安全氛围量表;在建筑工人中开展问卷调查,并利用SPSS20. 0和AMOS22. 0软件分析收集到的数据。结果表明:核电厂建造施工班组安全氛围有项目部安全职责、班组内沟通、班组成员安全态度、施工现场安全管理以及施工作业环境5个维度;该量表可有效测量核电厂建造过程中的班组安全氛围,测量结果可为核电施工企业开展安全管理工作提供依据。     

建筑施工企业安全成本研究综述

建筑施工企业事故频发,对建筑安全成本认识不足是导致事故发生的重要原因。建筑施工企业安全成本包括保证性安全成本和损失性安全成本。通过合理的保证性安全投入,提升安全水平,减少损失性成本,成为建筑安全领域的重要课题。对建筑施工企业安全成本研究成果进行梳理,从3个方面进行了综述:安全教育及培训投入,间接损失成本估算方法,建筑安全成本的影响因素。最后,从法律、政府、建筑施工企业自身等角度提出提升我国建筑施工企业安全成本管理的对策,并根据现有研究不足指明未来研究的方向。     

基于SEM的建筑施工企业KPI安全绩效评价

鉴于建筑施工企业生产安全和服务质量管理以及企业员工综合素质和工作效率的重要性,探讨影响建筑施工企业安全生产的因素,并对建筑施工企业的安全绩效进行全面、客观的评价。采用关键绩效指标(KPI)建立基于人的因素、管理制度、施工设备和环境条件四维度的建筑施工企业安全绩效评价指标体系,研究将结构方程模型理论引入到评价体系中,构建安全绩效评价的结构方程模型(SEM)。总结评价的一般程序,并结合实例,从定量的角度对某建筑施工企业安全绩效进行评价。结果表明,KPI评价体系和SEM评价模型评估得出建筑企业安全绩效影响因素的程度是:人的因素>管理制度>环境条件>施工设备。     

企业安全绩效研究:内涵、测量及影响因素

为系统梳理安全绩效的研究成果,收集近30 a来国内外相关重要文献。通过对安全绩效的内涵、维度、测量与影响因素的回顾,对以往的研究取得的进展和存在的不足进行述评。结果发现:以往研究主要从行为、结果及2者相结合的视角,对安全绩效进行界定和维度划分;安全绩效的测量量表已相对成熟,测量方式也日益丰富;安全绩效受安全氛围、安全文化及领导力等因素的影响,安全投资、盈利水平等因素也对安全绩效有解释作用。未来研究应深入探讨安全绩效的内涵与测量问题,深化研究各种因素对安全绩效的影响机理,更深入探讨安全绩效与企业其他绩效间的关系。     

建筑施工作业安全感影响因素研究

为研究建筑施工作业人员的安全感及其影响因素,基于影响因素的建筑施工作业安全感水平模型。首先,采用作业安全感量表测量建筑施工人员的作业安全感;其次,通过问卷调查分析作业安全感影响因素,将影响因素概括为个体特征因素、作业环境因素、安全管理综合因素3类;最后,通过相关性分析及主成分分析(PCA)方法建模。结果表明,建筑施工人员的作业安全感普遍较低,安全效能、作业危险性等因素对建筑施工作业安全感有显著影响,而年龄、情绪稳定性等因素的影响较弱。基于影响因素的建筑施工作业安全感水平模型计算结果与安全感量表测量结果相近。     

水利工程建设施工班组安全氛围量表研究

为有效提高水利工程建设的安全管理能力,基于SHEL(软件、硬件、环境、人员)模型,从4个角度划分出7个维度,设计了水利工程建设施工班组安全氛围量表;对湖南省湘江流域数个大型航电枢纽项目的各施工班组的工人进行问卷调研,并利用相关软件分析所收集的数据,采用探索性因子分析法确定安全氛围的维度.结果 表明:水利工程建设施工班组安全氛围的主要影响因素包括安全制度建设、设备设施管理、安全教育考核、事故预防与处理、人员沟通与态度5个方面;该量表从施工班组的角度出发,对安全氛围进行有效测量,可为水利建设单位的安全管理工作提供依据,提高安全管理水平.     

煤矿环境对矿工个体行为的影响机制研究

为了研究煤矿环境对矿工个体行为的影响机制,基于计划行为理论与文献研究法,建立了3个维度个体因素与7个维度环境因素之间的假设关系,编制了矿工不安全行为影响因素测量量表.构建了环境因素与个体因素影响关系结构方程模型,通过分析结构方程模型的路径系数和拟合数据,得出矿工不安全行为中环境因素对个体因素的影响关系.结果 表明:个体行为态度受安全氛围、物理因素正向影响效果较大,受生活事件、工作性质负向影响效果较大;主观规范受教育培训、安全氛围正向影响效果较大;知觉行为控制受安全氛围、教育培训及安全监管正向影响效果较大.3类个体因素共同作用于矿工意向,从而影响其生产行为.     

浅析建筑施工企业安全管理措施

<正>工程项目是建筑施工企业的载体,具有一次性、分散性等特点,安全管理难度较大。当前,建设施工领域形势严峻,如何抓好在建项目的安全生产工作,实现企业的可持续发展,是建筑施工企业关注的焦点。笔者认为,建筑施工企业应以安全生产目标控制为龙头,以危险源控制为主线,以安全责任书为载体,以安全防护、现场控制、应急响应为措施,以     

安全氛围对企业安全行为的影响研究

国外大量研究表明,安全氛围调查在改进企业的安全行为方面有积极的作用,为组织制订未来的安全政策提供依据。本研究通过查阅文献、国外类似的诊断调查工具及软件,根据所提出的理论假设,采用线性结构方程建模的方法,构建了本研究的LISREL理论模型,并设计了相应的调查问卷和量表。从所建立的安全氛围的三个构面(安全管理、安全认知、安全态度)入手探讨企业的安全氛围对企业的安全行为(两个构面:安全执行、安全处理)的影响。本研究采用问卷调查的方式采集数据,将所得资料用SPSS11.0和LISREL8.3软件来分析处理和检验研究假设,研究结果为实证单位改进企业的安全行为提供了帮助。     

安全文化测量数据的有效性论证

安全文化对于改善企业安全生产、公民安全意识、预防事故都有不可低估的力量。安全文化定量测量数据可以用于定量跟踪企业安全文化建设的进展,因此证明安全文化定量测量数据的有效性就显得极为重要。本文分析2007年以来已经在39个煤矿测得的安全文化量值和安全业绩数据,得到我国安全文化值在国际最好企业和最差企业之间;分析某集团企业的安全文化水平数据,得到安全业绩和安全文化的逻辑对应关系;应用自2007年以来已经在39个煤矿测得的安全文化量值和安全业绩数据得到百万吨死亡率和安全文化之间的对应关系;调研并得到结论———77%的企业经理认为安全文化定量测量与改善对企业安全业绩的提高很有效果。通过以上四个方面的论证,证明我们的安全文化测量数据是有效的。     

组织氛围对建筑工人不安全行为的影响机理及实证研究

为了研究组织氛围对建筑工人不安全行为的影响,从班组级安全氛围、班组级安全教育和项目级安全氛围三个层面测量组织氛围,基于组织氛围与安全态度、不安全动机及安全能力之间的关系,构建建筑工人不安全行为发生的机理。通过23个项目267份有效问卷收集数据,采用结构方程模型（SEM）进行验证,采用决策试验和评价实验室（DEMATEL）进一步计算和分析各潜变量之间的影响度和被影响度。研究结果表明:班组级安全氛围对安全态度、班组级安全教育对安全态度、安全能力对安全态度、安全态度对安全动机的影响显著;安全动机和安全能力对不安全行为的影响显著;班组级安全氛围、班组级安全教育和项目级安全氛围之间相互关系显著;班组级安全氛围、班组级安全教育和项目级安全教育是典型的原因影响因素,通过安全态度共同影响不安全行为。根据研究结果,提出应对措施,可为安全管理工作提供理论指导。     

Relation between senior managers’ safety leadership and safety behavior in the Chinese petrochemical industry

Senior managers in organizations are authorized and obliged to maintain organizational safety. However, to date, little research has considered the relation of senior managers' safety leadership to safety behavior. This study addresses this gap by using path analysis to confirm the validity of a hypothetical model that relates six dimensions of senior managers' safety leadership to two safety behaviors through the safety climate in the petrochemical industry. A questionnaire survey was sent randomly to workers (other than senior managers) in two petrochemical companies in China, and data from 155 usable responses were compiled for the path analysis. Results indicate that in the petrochemical industry, senior managers' safety leadership has a positive impact on safety behavior, and the safety climate plays an intermediary role between them. From the perspective of the dimensions of senior managers' safety leadership and safety behavior, safety concern has the greatest positive effect on safety compliance. Moreover, safety vision has the greatest positive impact on safety participation, whereas safety inspiration and safety awards and punishment have negative effects on safety compliance. Personal character does not directly influence any dimension of safety behavior but indirectly does so by influencing the safety climate. On the basis of these results, measures of improving senior managers' safety leadership in the petrochemical industry are presented to help improve the overall safety performance of the industry. A new view is provided for the petrochemical industry in China to suggest that senior managers’ safety leadership can be treated earnestly.     

施工企业安全文化的核心——保护员工的安全与健康

分析了企业安全文化的发展和施工安全的特点，围绕企业目标、市场占有率、生产成本、企业形象、经济效益等内容，论述了保护员工安全与健康是施工企业安全文化的核心     

Safety climate factors, group differences and safety behaviour in road construction

This study determines the factor structure of safety climate within a road construction organization using a modified version of the safety climate questionnaire (SCQ). It also investigates the relationship between safety climate and safety performance. The SCQ was administered to 192 employees from two districts and in two job categories — construction and maintenance. A behavioural observation measure of safety performance was also developed. Factor analysis derived six factors, which were similar to those obtained in an earlier study using the SCQ. Differences in the safety climate of job sub-groups were found on two of the factors. No differences between the two districts were found. No relationship was found between safety climate and the safety performance measure. While identical safety climate factors cannot apply to all organizations, some general safety climate factors may emerge. Discussion focuses upon the measurement of safety climate.     

安全认知观念的研究与决策分析

通过分析当前石油石化企业发生的事故数据,发现由于人为因素造成的事故时有发生,给企业安全生产造成重大影响。为了深入了解造成事故发生的人为因素产生根源,笔者通过多种方式获取资料,利用系统论研究方法,得出了企业员工和管理者普遍存在的安全认知观念。在此基础上,提出员工和管理者之间推荐的共同安全认知观念,从观念上让员工和管理者对不安全行为形成一致的认知,并在减少员工不安全行为、规范员工的安全行为方面给出了行之有效的解决方法,即在企业推行行为安全管理工具-HSE观察卡。应用结果表明,通过推行HSE观察卡,可有效提高企业员工在现场作业活动中的安全作业意识,从而避免或减少由于人的不安全行为造成事故发生率,提升了企业安全生产水平。     

Measuring safety climate in elderly homes

IntroductionProvision of a valid and reliable safety climate dimension brings enormous benefits to the elderly home sector. The aim of the present study was to make use of the safety climate instrument developed by OSHC to measure the safety perceptions of employees in elderly homes such that the factor structure of the safety climate dimensions of elderly homes could be explored.MethodIn 2010, surveys by mustering on site method were administered in 27 elderly homes that had participated in the "Hong Kong Safe and Healthy Residential Care Home Accreditation Scheme" organized by the Occupational Safety and Health Council.ResultsSix hundred and fifty-one surveys were returned with a response rate of 54.3%. To examine the factor structure of safety climate dimensions in our study, an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) using principal components analysis method was conducted to identify the underlying factors. The results of the modified seven-factor's safety climate structure extracted from 35 items better reflected the safety climate dimensions of elderly homes. The Cronbach alpha range for this study (0.655 to 0.851) indicated good internal consistency among the seven-factor structure. Responses from managerial level, supervisory and professional level, and front-line staff were analyzed to come up with the suggestion on effective ways of improving the safety culture of elderly homes. The overall results showed that managers generally gave positive responses in the factors evaluated, such as "management commitment and concern to safety," "perception of work risks and some contributory influences," "safety communication and awareness," and "safe working attitude and participation." Supervisors / professionals, and frontline level staff on the other hand, have less positive responses. The result of the lowest score in the factors - "perception of safety rules and procedures" underlined the importance of the relevance and practicability of safety rules and procedures.ConclusionThe modified OSHC safety climate tool provided better evidence of structural validity and reliability for use by elderly homes' decision makers as an indicator of employee perception of safety in their institution.Impact on industryThe findings and suggestions in the study provide useful information for the management, supervisors/professionals and frontline level staff to cultivate the safety culture in the elderly home sector. Most important, elderly homes can use the modified safety climate scale to identify problem areas in their safety culture and safety management practices and then target these for intervention.     

企业安全文化评估与企业安全行为的质化研究

通过总结国内外各种不同的安全文化概念,归纳分析了国内外较为流行的近10种安全文化建立模式。在研讨文献的基础上,通过深入访谈、焦点小组与参与观察,归纳构造了一套共11个维度,总题项为152题的安全文化评估量表。通过对选定企业的实证问卷调查,进行统计分析,采用多元逐步回归分析等方法对安全文化各评核因素及整体安全文化进行预测,并以百分数呈现其整体的安全文化现状水平。通过基于扎根理论的各种质化研究方法,对案例企业的安全文化建设和企业安全行为进行研究,得到了7点关于企业安全行为的研究发现,并提出了相应的改进建议。     

地铁工程建设中安全气候测度工具研究

对现有安全维度研究进行总结,结合中国项目安全管理特征以及地铁工程特征,在专家调查及一轮补充调查的基础上,通过决策实验室分析法(DEMATEL)对地铁工程建设安全气候的维度进行筛选,获得可以对安全效果进行预测的安全气候的维度。结合各个维度在安全气候问卷调查中的调研要素,概括中国地铁工程建设安全气候主要调查指标。研究确定的安全气候主要因子可以为地铁工程建设中安全气候问卷调查提供基础,并通过对安全效果的有效预测指导安全管理决策。     

Assessing the not‐invented‐here syndrome: Development and validation of implicit and explicit measurements

The not‐invented‐here (NIH) syndrome has been called one of the largest obstacles in innovation management, preventing effective knowledge transfer between organizational units and individuals. NIH is defined as a negatively shaped attitude towards knowledge that has to cross a disciplinary, spatial, or organizational boundary, resulting in either its suboptimal utilization or its rejection. Our goal is to equip scholars with appropriate measurement instruments for the phenomenon. On the basis of 4 studies with 1,238 subjects overall, we developed an implicit measure based on the implicit‐association test as well as an explicit (survey) measure of NIH, taking into account theoretical insights on attitude structure. We provide evidence for reliability as well as construct and criterion validity. We want to facilitate further research on NIH and knowledge transfer (a) by providing a better theoretical framework for NIH on the basis of the tripartite componential model of attitudes, (b) by demonstrating the application of association‐based implicit measures for management research, and (c) by providing a validated multidimensional survey scale to measure NIH explicitly. We also provide recommendations on how managers can utilize the NIH measurement instruments to investigate NIH and potential countermeasures in detail and they can test the behavioral outcomes postulated by previous research.