2018年1-2月国内生产安全事故统计分析

统计了2018年1-2月国内发生的各种生产安全事故86起,其中包括交通事故、矿业事故、爆炸事故、火灾、毒物泄漏与中毒和其他事故.统计表明,在86起事故中,交通事故占41.86％,矿业事故占3.49％,爆炸事故占13.95％,火灾占17.44％,毒物泄漏与中毒占5.81％,其他事故占17.44％.86起事故共死亡265人.死亡人数的百分比分别为交通事故48.30％,矿业事故3.77％,爆炸事故7.92％,火灾13.21％,毒物泄漏与中毒8.30％,其他事故18.49％.2018年1-2月生产安全事故发生较多的4个省、自治区分别为广西(9起)、云南(7起)、陕西(7起)和安徽(7起);死亡人数较多的4个省、自治区分别为广东(32人)、广西(27人)、云南(26人)和河北(21人).     

2012年9-10月国内生产安全事故统计分析

统计了2012年9-10月国内发生的各种生产安全事故174起,其中包括矿业事故、交通事故、爆炸事故、火灾、毒物泄漏与中毒和其他事故.统计表明,在174起事故中,交通事故占64.94％,矿业事故占12.64％,火灾占4.02％,爆炸事故占2.87％,毒物泄漏与中毒占1.15％,其他事故占14.37％.174起事故共死亡755人,伤566人.死亡人数的百分比分别为交通事故60.26％,矿业事故16.82％,火灾4.64％,爆炸事故1.99％,毒物泄漏与中毒0.93％,其他事故15.36％;受伤人数的百分比分别为交通事故79.15％,爆炸事故3.71％,矿业事故3.00％,毒物泄漏与中毒1.41％,火灾6.0t％,其他事故6.71％.2012年9-10月生产安全事故发生较多的5个省、自治区、直辖市分别为广东(21起)、云南(15起)、广西(14起)、湖南(11起)、重庆(10起);死亡人数较多的5个省、自治区分别为广东(82人)、甘肃(61人)、云南(59人)、湖南(51人)、广西(47人);受伤人数较多的5个省、直辖市分别为甘肃(81人)、广东(78人)、湖南(62人)、天津(57人)、陕西(45人).     

2017年11-12月国内生产安全事故统计分析

统计了2017年11-12月国内发生的各种生产安全事故115起,其中包括交通事故、矿业事故、爆炸事故、火灾、毒物泄漏与中毒和其他事故.统计表明,在115起事故中,交通事故占47.83％,矿业事故占6.96％,爆炸事故占12.17％,火灾占8.70％,毒物泄漏与中毒占6.09％,其他事故占18.26％.115起事故共死亡388人.死亡人数的百分比分别为交通事故49.74％,矿业事故6.70％,爆炸事故6.96％,火灾13.92％,毒物泄漏与中毒7.73％,其他事故14.95％.2017年11-12月生产安全事故发生较多的5个省分别为山东(11起)、云南(9起)、陕西(8起)、广东(8起)和四川(7起);死亡人数较多的5个省分别为安徽(37人)、云南(36人)、河北(34人)、山东(28人)和陕西(24人).     

2012年5-6月国内生产安全事故统计分析

统计了2012年5-6月国内发生的各种生产安全事故171起,其中包括矿业事故、交通事故、爆炸事故、火灾、毒物泄漏与中毒和其他事故.统计表明,在171起事故中,交通事故占61.99％,矿业事故占10.53％,火灾占2.92％,爆炸事故占5.26％,毒物泄漏与中毒占4.68％,其他事故占14.62％.171起事故共死亡715人,伤694人.死亡人数的百分比分别为交通事故62.80％,矿业事故11.05％,火灾2.52％,爆炸事故8.11％,毒物泄漏与中毒3.78％,其他事故11.75％;受伤人数的百分比分别为交通事故84.15％,爆炸事故5.91％,矿业事故0.29％,毒物泄漏与中毒1.01％,火灾2.59％,其他事故6.05％.2012年5-6月生产安全事故发生较多的6个省分别为广西(14起)、云南(13起)、湖南(12起)、四川(11起)、广东(11起)、福建(11起);死亡人数较多的省分别为湖南(69人)、云南(59人)、福建(51人)、广西(46人)、四川(44人);受伤人数较多的省分别为安徽(136人)、内蒙古(79人)、河南(65人)、云南(53人)、贵州(48人).     

2016年5-6月国内生产安全事故统计分析

统计了2016年5-6月国内发生的各种生产安全事故99起,其中包括交通事故、矿业事故、爆炸事故、火灾、毒物泄漏与中毒和其他事故.统计表明,在99起事故中,交通事故占55.56％,矿业事故占5.05％,爆炸事故占5.05％,火灾占6.06％,毒物泄漏与中毒占5.05％,其他事故占23.23％.99起事故共死亡468人.死亡人数的百分比分别为交通事故52.56％,矿业事故4.49％,爆炸事故4.06％,火灾5.34％,毒物泄漏与中毒3.21％,其他事故30.34％.2016年5--6月生产安全事故发生较多的6个省分别为安徽(9起)、河南(7起)、广东(7起)、云南(6起)、山西(6起)和山东(6起);死亡人数较多的6个省分别为湖南(44人)、浙江(43人)、河南(42人)、辽宁(36人)、安徽(27人)和广东(27人).     

2015年3-4月国内生产安全事故统计分析

统计了2015年3-4月国内发生的各种生产安全事故130起,其中包括交通事故、矿业事故、爆炸事故、火灾、毒物泄漏与中毒和其他事故.统计表明,在130起事故中,交通事故占68.46％,矿业事故占7.69％,爆炸事故占1.54％,火灾占5.38％,毒物泄漏与中毒占5.38％,其他事故占11.54％.130起事故共死亡532人,伤108人.死亡人数的百分比分别为交通事故65.79％,矿业事故11.65％,爆炸事故1.32％,火灾5.64％,毒物泄漏与中毒4.51％,其他事故11.09％;受伤人数的百分比分别为交通事故81.48％,矿业事故0.93％,爆炸事故3.70％,火灾2.78％,毒物泄漏与中毒7.41％,其他事故3.70％.2015年3-4月生产安全事故发生较多的5个省、自治区分别为广东(17起)、云南(15起)、广西(10起)、安徽(10起)、黑龙江(9起);死亡人数较多的5个省分别为云南(65人)、广东(59人)、浙江(42人)、山西(40人)、安徽(39人);受伤人数较多的5个省、自治区分别为福建(24人)、内蒙古(15人)、广东(11人)、广西(10人)、云南(7人).     

2015年1-2月国内生产安全事故统计分析

统计了2015年1-2月国内发生的各种生产安全事故122起,其中包括交通事故、矿业事故、爆炸事故、火灾、毒物泄漏与中毒和其他事故.统计表明,在122起事故中,交通事故占74.59％,矿业事故占2.46％,爆炸事故占3.28％,火灾占2.46％,毒物泄漏与中毒占5.74％,其他事故占10.66％.122起事故共死亡463人,伤113人.死亡人数的百分比分别为交通事故76.46％,矿业事故2.81％,爆炸事故3.89％,火灾3.24％,毒物泄漏与中毒4.54％,其他事故9.07％;受伤人数的百分比分别为交通事故68.14％,矿业事故6.19％,爆炸事故4.42％,火灾0,毒物泄漏与中毒10.62％,其他事故10.62％.2015年1-2月生产安全事故发生较多的5个省、自治区分别为黑龙江(12起)、广西(12起)、云南(10起)、湖南(10起)、广东(10起);死亡人数较多的5个省、自治区分别为云南(44人)、湖南(43人)、黑龙江(42人)、广西(42人)、安徽(36人);受伤人数较多的5个省、直辖市分别为湖南(18人)、安徽(17人)、云南(16人)、重庆(10人)、辽宁(9人).     

2014年11-12月国内生产安全事故统计分析

统计了2014年11-12月国内发生的各种生产安全事故128起,其中包括交通事故、矿业事故、爆炸事故、火灾、毒物泄漏与中毒和其他事故.统计表明,在128起事故中,交通事故占53.13％,矿业事故占7.81％,爆炸事故占5.47％,火灾占6.25％,毒物泄漏与中毒占3.13％,其他事故占24.22％.128起事故共死亡502人,伤232人.死亡人数的百分比分别为交通事故55.78％,矿业事故5.98％,爆炸事故6.77％,火灾5.78％,毒物泄漏与中毒2.39％,其他事故23.31％;受伤人数的百分比分别为交通事故37.93％,矿业事故2.16％,爆炸事故23.28％,火灾3.45％,毒物泄漏与中毒0.43％,其他事故32.76％.2014年11-12月生产安全事故发生较多的5个省分别为广东(19起)、云南(10起)、安徽(9起)、辽宁(8起)浙江(7起);死亡人数较多的5个省、自治区、直辖市分别为广东(72人)、上海(42人)、云南(38人)、安徽(36人)、广西(33人);受伤人数较多的5个省、直辖市分别为上海(48人)、广东(45人)、辽宁(21人)、湖北(17人)、陕西(16人).     

2015年7-8月国内生产安全事故统计分析

统计了2015年7-8月国内发生的各种生产安全事故143起,其中包括交通事故、矿业事故、爆炸事故、火灾、毒物泄漏与中毒和其他事故.统计表明,在143起事故中,交通事故占66.43％,矿业事故占5.60％,爆炸事故占2.80％,火灾占4.90％,毒物泄漏与中毒占6.99％,其他事故占13.29％.143起事故共死亡770入.死亡人数的百分比分别为交通事故49.74％,矿业事故5.06％,爆炸事故25.32％,火灾3.51％,毒物泄漏与中毒4.55％,其他事故11.82％.2015年7-8月生产安全事故发生较多的6个省分别为广东(21起)、云南(12起)、安徽(8起)、江西(7起)、湖南(7起)和黑龙江(7起);死亡人数较多的6个省、市分别为天津(165人)、广东(75人)、云南(46人)、安徽(32人)、江西(29人)和黑龙江(29人).     

2017年3-4月国内生产安全事故统计分析

统计了2017年3-4月国内发生的各种生产安全事故163起,其中包括交通事故、矿业事故、爆炸事故、火灾、毒物泄漏与中毒和其他事故.统计表明,在163起事故中,交通事故占42.94％,矿业事故占7.98％,爆炸事故占9.20％,火灾占9.20％,毒物泄漏与中毒占4.91％,其他事故占25.77％.163起事故共死亡477人.死亡人数的百分比分别为交通事故55.35％,矿业事故10.69％,爆炸事故5.45％,火灾8.81％,毒物泄漏与中毒3.56％,其他事故16.14％.2017年3-4月生产安全事故发生较多的5个省、自治区分别为云南(11起)、广东(11起)、江西(10起)、河南(10起)和广西(10起);死亡人数较多的5个省、自治区分别为广东(38人)、云南(37人)、广西(32人)、湖南(30人)和安徽(28人).     

Trends in occupational hygiene in Finland

The aim of this work is to evaluate and describe the current status of, and prospects for, the future of occupational hygiene in Finland. The main sources of information include a seminar held in the annual meeting of Finnish Occupational Hygiene Society and interviews with different stakeholders. Nanotechnology and other new materials, changing work environments, circular economy including green jobs, new medical methods and advances of construction methods were recognized as future challenges. Future work opportunities for occupational hygiene experts included exposure assessments in indoor air surveys, private consulting and entrepreneurship in general, international activities and product safety issues. Unclear topics needing more attention in the future were thought to be in new exposures, sensitive persons, combined effects, skin exposures and applicability of personal protective equipment. Occupational hygiene should broaden its view; occupational hygienists should have to cooperate with other specialists and grasp new challenges.     

Gender differences in DUI offenders in treatment in Texas

OBJECTIVE: This is a study of 8,464 adult women and 21,155 adult males who entered substance abuse treatment in Texas between 2000 and 2005. Participants were either on probation for driving under the influence (DUI), were referred to treatment by DUI probation, or had been arrested for DUI in the past year. METHODS: The female and male clients were compared on demographic characteristics, substance use patterns, DSM-IV diagnoses, and levels of impairment. T tests and chi square tests were used to determine significance and multivariate logistic regression identified predictors of completing treatment and being abstinent at follow-up. RESULTS: The proportion of females who were sent to treatment as a result of DUI increased from 27% in 2000 to 32% in 2005. Females were significantly more likely than males to be White (73% vs. 56%), to have used substances a shorter period of time (17 vs. 19 years), to be seeking custody to regain their children (11% vs. 2%), to meet the DSM criteria for drug dependence (32% vs. 23%), to have injected drugs (31% vs. 23%), to have used substances daily (42% vs. 40%), to have a depressive disorder (16% vs. 7%) or bipolar disorder (12% vs. 5%), and to be have been in treatment before (60% vs. 49%). In contrast, males were more likely to be alcohol dependent (49% vs. 44%). Females were less likely to complete treatment (67% vs. 72%) and reported significantly more days of problems on the 6 domains of the ASI at both admission and at 60-day follow-up. Furthermore, at follow-up, they were more likely to be living with someone who abused alcohol or used drugs (9% vs.7%). CONCLUSIONS: Although females comprised only 29% of the DUI treatment admissions, they were more impaired and experienced more problems than their male counterparts. The findings indicate that additional resources, including treatment for co-occurring mental health problems and living in sober households, may be keys to helping these women achieve abstinence and prevent additional DUI episodes.     

Risk Assessment in the Working Environment in Estonia

The first step to chart hazards in the working environment in Estonia (labour force: 0.65 million) was taken by the National Board of Health Protection in the beginning of 1996.

The existing chemical, physical, and biological agents in the working environment were investigated with the help of local health inspectors in all counties. An identification of hazards and workers at risk was carried out. The results of the analysis showed that 16% of Estonian industrial workers are exposed to different hazards: 20,000 persons are exposed to noise, 11,000 are working in the conditions of vibration, 10,000 are affected by unsatisfactory microclimate, 6,000 complain about long-lasting work in a compulsory posture, the overexertion of eyes is suffered by 5,500 persons, and physical overload by 3,500 workers. In the group of chemical hazards the greatest numbers of workers are exposed to organic dust (6,500) and welding aerosols (5,400), followed by petroleum products (2,700), and oil-shale dust (4,300). The measurements of working conditions showed that an average of 30.3% of the results are above the standards. Proposals for the improvement of the situation in occupational safety and health are presented.     

Trends in chemical hazards in Japan

In the past, the chemical industry in Japan has been the cause of a number of major industrial accidents. Subsequent to each accident, specific lessons have been learned. These lessons learned have been implemented in terms of safety education of the employees and/or safety measures of the equipment and facilities resulting in a rapid decrease of corresponding accident frequencies. In this paper, we summarized both recent and past major accidents caused by chemical substances in fixed installations in Japan. Case studies show that runaway reactions are among the main causes of major accident occurrences in the chemical process industry in Japan. A recent fatal poisoning accident caused by H₂S gas generated during maintenance work again highlights the necessity of adequate safety management in a chemical factory. Therefore, even if hazard evaluation of chemical substances and chemical processes is necessary to prevent runaway reactions, human error is also an important factor contributing to reaction hazards [Wakakura, M. (1997) Human factor in chemical accidents, J. Safety Eng. High Press. Gas. Safety Inst. Japan, 34, 846].     

我国化学品安全技术说明书(SDS)的管理现状研究

从分析我国化学品安全技术说明书的监管现状出发,研究对比了我国和国外在SDS覆盖化学品的范围、审核监督制度以及信息保密机制等管理技术方面的不同做法;指出我国对化学品安全技术说明书的监管在这三方面存在缺陷和不足;提出加强和完善化学品安全技术说明书的监管是提高我国化学品安全监管水平的重要手段;认为借鉴欧盟、美国和加拿大等国家的先进做法拓宽需要编制SDS的化学品范围、建立化学品安全技术说明书第三方检测制度、加强监督、完善信息保密机制将对促进我国的化学品安全监管水平具有重要意义。     

我国非煤矿山安全生产的差距

从我国非煤矿山安全生产立法、安全生产管理体制、监察执法、群众监督、宣传教育、科研、矿山企业等方面与国外矿业进行了对比分析，分析了我国非煤矿山存在的问题以及与国外的差距，最后分析了产生问题与差距的原因。     

Features of fatal injuries in older cyclists in vehicle–bicycle accidents in Japan

Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify and better understand the features of fatal injuries in cyclists aged 75 years and over involved in collisions with either hood- or van-type vehicles.

Methods: This study investigated the fatal injuries of cyclists aged 75 years old and over by analyzing accident data. We focused on the body regions to which the fatal injury occurred using vehicle–bicycle accident data from the Institute for Traffic Accident Research and Data Analysis (ITARDA) in Japan. Using data from 2009 to 2013, we examined the frequency of fatally injured body region by gender, age, and actual vehicle travel speed. We investigated any significant differences in distributions of fatal injuries by body region for cyclists aged 75 years and over using chi-square tests to compare with cyclists in other age groups. We also investigated the cause of fatal head injuries, such as impact with a road surface or vehicle.

Results: The results indicated that head injuries were the most common cause of fatalities among the study group. At low vehicle travel speeds for both hood- and van-type vehicles, fatalities were most likely to be the result of head impacts against the road surface.

The percentage of fatalities following hip injuries was significantly higher for cyclists aged 75 years and over than for those aged 65–74 or 13–59 in impacts with hood-type vehicles. It was also higher for women than men in the over-75 age group in impacts with these vehicles.

Conclusions: For cyclists aged 75 years and over, wearing a helmet may be helpful to prevent head injuries in vehicle-to-cyclist accidents. It may also be helpful to introduce some safety measures to prevent hip injuries, given the higher level of fatalities following hip injury among all cyclists aged 75 and over, particularly women.     

我国林区直升机吊桶灭火应用分析

直升机吊桶灭火是一项成熟有效的航空森林消防技术,是国外林业发达国家的重要森林消防手段。我国经过多年的探索和实践,已经在多数重点林区推广应用并取得成效。分析了直升机吊桶灭火的特点、机型和设备,对吊桶灭火的方法进行了探讨。     

Working Conditions in Small Private Enterprises in Poland

The study deals with working conditions in small private enterprises in Poland. Data come from 50 small enterprises from the Warsaw area. Information about the evaluation of working conditions and the existence of programmes for their improvement was gathered with the help of questionnaires addressed to employees and employers. The results constitute a ‘photograph’ of the Polish reality at the beginning of its transition from planned to market economy. The study revealed a lack of programmes for the improvement of working conditions in a significant number of the enterprises studied as well as little interest in occupational safety on the part of employers (owners).

The study also revealed that all decisions—including those about the improvement of working conditions—were made by employers. Hence, the need for the widest possible dissemination of knowledge on occupational safety and the protection of human in the working environment with particular stress put on employers. Employers who are knowledgeable in this field and who are aware of its importance can significantly influence the improvement of working conditions in small enterprises.