重大危险源监控与事故应急技术国家安全监管总局安全生产重点实验室

正由中国安全生产科学研究院建设运行的重大危险源监控与事故应急技术国家安全监管总局安全生产重点实验室,围绕重大危险源监控预警及事故应急救援的重大需求,聚焦于化学品危险性鉴定评价理论与技术研究、重大危险源监控及仪表功能安全理论与技术研究、重大危险源事故模拟及应急救援理论与技术研究等,通过理论研究、模拟实验、技术与装备研发、高层次人才培养,实现我国重大危险源监测预警、事故预防、应急救援     

重大危险源监控与事故应急技术国家安全监管总局安全生产重点实验室

正由中国安全生产科学研究院建设运行的重大危险源监控与事故应急技术国家安全监管总局安全生产重点实验室,围绕重大危险源监控预警及事故应急救援的重大需求,聚焦于化学品危险性鉴定评价理论与技术研究、重大危险源监控及仪表功能安全理论与技术研究、重大危险源事故模拟及应急救援理论与技术研究等,通过理论研究、模拟实验、技术与装备研发、高层次人才培养,实现我国重大危险源监测预警、事故预防、应急救援与处置理论的突破,为我国重大危险源安全监管、监控理论和技术研究提供一流的基础设施条件和全方位的技     

时事

全国矿山救援队伍建设经验交流会在京召开 7月4日,国家安全生产应急救援指挥中心、矿山救援指挥中心在北京召开了全国矿山救援队伍建设经验交流会。会议旨在深入贯彻落实国家安监总局＂三项行动＂、＂三项建设＂工作部署,交流矿山救援队伍建设典型经验,努力打造一支政治合格、作风过硬、技术精湛和特别能战斗的应急救援生力军;表彰在矿山救护队建设中取得优秀成绩、第七届全国矿山救援技术竞赛获得荣誉称号的单位和个人，进一步掀起矿山救援宣传工作新高潮。国家安监总局副局长、国家安全生产应急救援指挥中心主任王德学出席会议。     

应急救援生命至上——访国家安全生产监管总局副局长国家安全生产应急救援指挥中心主任王德学

随着我国安全生产应急管理水平的不断提高,应急救援能力的提升,对于突发事件和事故的有效应对已成为应急救援工作的目标之一.那么,在应急救援工作中,我们应该坚持什么样的理念和原则?如何提高应急救援的装备水平和救援能力?国家安全生产监管总局副局长、国家安全生产应急救援指挥中心主任王德学对此进行了解读.     

基于事故后果分析的煤矿应急演练平台设计

为了做好煤矿安全风险监测预警系统数据协同应用、加强煤矿应急救援体系建设,设计了基于事故后果分析的煤矿应急演练平台,提出了该平台的架构设计和应急救援演练业务流程,总结监测预警数据可视化集成、预警信息智能分析研判等关键技术,利用信息化手段模拟事故的发生和演变,突破传统应急演练方式,有效提升应急救援能力和现场指挥的处置能力,为煤矿应急信息化建设提供参考。     

英国危险化学品应急管理

正2016年10月9日-29日,国家安全生产应急救援指挥中心牵头组织22人培训团赴英国,就危险化学品应急预案及事故应急处置能力建设进行培训学习。2016年10月9日-29日,由国家安全生产应急救援指挥中心牵头组织22人培训团赴英国,就危险化学品应急预案及事故应急处置能力建设进行培训学习。通过     

开展东北区域应急联动机制建设工作座谈会在吉林省召开 集思广益促发展

<正>12月26日,由国家安全生产应急救援指挥中心组织的开展东北区域应急联动机制建设工作座谈会在长春召开。吉林、辽宁、黑龙江三省安全生产应急管理机构负责人参加座谈。会议由国家安全生产应急救援指挥中心综合部主任华梅主持,吉林省安监局副局长孙传军到会并发言。会议主要征集对《2015年全国安全生产应急管理工作要点》的意见和建议,座谈交流东北三省安全生产应急管理工作开展情况,分析典型事故案例,探索推动区域信息     

安全生产应急救授体系初具规模

《安全生产法》对安全生产事故建立应急救援体系专门提出了要求。党和政府给予了高度重视。党的十六届三中全会又提出了“建立健全各种预警和应急机制，提高政府应对突发事件和风险的能力”的要求，十届全国人大二次会议《政府工作报告》要求各级政府“要更加注重履行社会管理和公共服务职能。特别要加快建立健全各种突发事件应急机制，提高政府应对公共危机的能力。”今年初，《国务院关于进一步加强安全生产工作的决定》提出“要加快生产安全应急救援体系建设，尽快建立国家生产安全应急救援指挥中心。”充分显示了安全生产应急救援体系作为一个有机的整体和安全生产监管体系的重要组成部分进行建设的必要性、重要性和紧迫性。     

长输油气管道运营的安全管理

当前时期长输油气管道建设、维护及检测技术得到快速发展,但管道运营期间事故仍屡屡发生,因此,如何做好长输油气管道的安全管理,全面保障其安全运营显得尤为重要。本文从长输油气管道沿线地质灾害、社会稳定、潜在隐患、应急响应等几个方面进行安全风险和应对措施分析,旨在为做好长输油气管道运营期间安全管理提供参考。     

冶金企业煤气设施取缔固定钢直梯的探讨

走梯平台是实现人机交流的基础。从煤气事故案例发生的实际情况、多年来煤气生产操作和煤气事故应急处置的实践,反映出煤气管线、设备的走梯平台使用固定式钢直梯,在煤气生产实际操作和发生煤气事故后的应急救援中易发生事故和扩大事故。     

焦炉煤气泄漏、着火的处理对策

介绍了焦炉煤气生产工艺流程中的管网、设备发生煤气泄露、着火时的应急处理和灭火预案；根据焦炉煤气的理化性质、燃烧特性，进行了危险性分析，制定出发生煤气事故后的可行性处置对策。     

Risk-based optimization of the design of on-shore pipeline shutdown systems

Crude oil and other liquid materials are transported in large quantities through pipelines. Pipelines are an efficient and safe transport way as compared to both rail and road transportation, both from the economical and environmental points of view. Nevertheless, loss of containment accidents can occur due to external action –a mechanical impact, for example– or to corrosion, aging, etc. Even though the frequency of such events is certainly very low, the effects and consequences on environment can be very important.The consequences of accidents in pipelines can be efficiently reduced through a suitable design of the whole system. One of the points which must be decided in the design is the installation of blocking valves at appropriate distances, so that emergency shutdowns can interrupt the flow of substance and isolate the section where the loss of containment has taken place. In the case of pipe rupture the amount released is therefore limited to the content between two consecutive valves, usually placed according to heuristic criteria. However, if too many valves are used, the capital cost of equipment increases excessively, and if too few are used, the risk of serious accidents increases.In this paper we consider the possibility of improving the design of such systems by applying risk-based optimization criteria. We propose an optimization methodology to solve this conflict by means of an objective function that analyzes the variations in overall costs, including the cost of the investment (with specific reference to blocking valves) and the cost of accidents. The result is an optimum situation in which costs are kept to a minimum. As an example, we apply the methodology to the transportation of gasoline by pipeline.     

An integrated quantitative risk analysis method for natural gas pipeline network

Natural gas industry is developing rapidly, and its accidents are threatening the urban safety. Risk management through quantitative assessment has become an important way to improve the safety performance of the natural gas supply system. In this paper, an integrated quantitative risk analysis method for natural gas pipeline network is proposed. This method is composed of the probability assessment of accidents, the analysis of consequences and the evaluation of risk. It is noteworthy that the consequences analyzed here include those of the outside and inside gas pipelines. The analysis of consequences of the outside pipelines focuses on the individual risk and societal risk caused by different accidents, while those of the inside pipelines concerns about the risk of the economic loss because of the pressure re-distribution. Risk of a sample urban gas pipeline network is analyzed to demonstrate the presented method. The results show that this presented integrated quantitative risk analysis method for natural gas pipeline network can be used in practical application.     

光气生产装置事故后果分析及提高装置安全性的对策措施

分析光气及光气化产品生产工艺过程中原料及工艺过程危险性,通过选择该工艺过程中较为典型的光气、氯气管道泄漏事故,并针对光气和氯气不同性质,假设事故形态,采用修正的高斯扩散模型及SAFETI定量风险软件对光气和氯气泄漏事故后果进行定量风险分析,其结果给出在光气及氯气泄漏10min时,在下风向人员可承受的风险范围。该分析结果可为光气及光气化产品生产装置风险评价提供科学依据。根据该结果,从工程和工艺设计、原料质量控制、重大危险源监控、操作管理措施及自控技术方面提出了提高光气及光气化生产装置安全性的对策措施。     

工业管道压力试验应注意的安全问题

按有关规定,我国压力管道分为长输管道、工业管道和公用管道,工业管道是指工业企业所属的用于运输工艺介质的工艺管道、公用工程管道和其他辅助管道,即工业企业内运行的压力管道均为工业管道.主要介绍了我国工业企业内工业管道相关运行维护管理与检验现状,重点强调工业管道运行中安全性能,及对工业安全性能确定所进行的压力试验的相关要求,为企业内部如何防止工业管道事故发生,实现安全生产提供有益的探索.     

Integrated leakage detection and localization model for gas pipelines based on the acoustic wave method

With the development of natural gas transportation systems, major accidents can result from internal gas leaks in pipelines that transport high-pressure gases. Leaks in pipelines that carry natural gas result in enormous financial loss to the industry and affect public health. Hence, leak detection and localization is a major concern for researchers studying pipeline systems. To ensure the safety and improve the efficiency of pipeline emergency repair, a high-pressure and long-distance circular pipe leakage simulation platform is designed and established by similarity analysis with a field transmission pipeline, and an integrated leakage detection and localization model for gas pipelines is proposed. Given that the spread velocity of acoustic waves in pipelines is related to the properties of the medium, such as pressure, density, specific heat, and so on, this paper proposes a modified acoustic velocity and location formula. An improved wavelet double-threshold de-noising optimization method is also proposed to address the original acoustic wave signal collected by the test platform. Finally, the least squares support vector machine (LS-SVM) method is applied to determine the leakage degree and operation condition. Experimental results show that the integrated model can enhance the accuracy and precision of pipeline leakage detection and localization.     

基于UHBs的输气管道高后果区泄漏燃爆事故分析

为探究输气管道高后果区中人的不安全行为（Unsafe Human Behaviors,UHBs）对输气管道泄漏燃爆事故发生的影响,结合模糊Bow-tie模型和贝叶斯网络对输气管道泄漏燃爆事故进行分析。构建基于T-S模糊故障树的输气管道泄漏燃爆模糊Bow-tie模型,并转化为贝叶斯网络;从人的不安全行为发生的可能性出发,将不同等级高后果区划分为不同等级人口敏感区;利用专家经验评判法得到不同等级人口敏感区基本事件的先验概率和中间事件的条件概率表;运用贝叶斯网络双向推理算法求解模糊Bow-tie模型。结果表明:随着地区人口敏感等级的提高,输气管道泄漏燃爆事故发生的概率随之增大,发现导致输气管道失效泄漏事故发生的最主要原因为施工破坏,失效原因与EGIG分析的结果基本相符,验证该方法在高后果区输气管道泄漏燃爆事故分析上的可行性,可为输气管道高后果区的安全管理提供决策依据。     

电石公路运输事故特征与安全条件的研究

基于电石生产销售实际以及公路运输特征,笔者系统研究了电石公路运输应该具备的道路条件、人员条件、车辆条件、包装条件、仓储条件、自然条件、装卸条件、承运与交付条件;提出了电石道路运输耐压力、耐冲击、耐震动、耐水、耐低气压的实验设计;分析了电石公路运输事故的主要原因并结合电石公路运输事故中典型的火灾事故的特征;给出了电石火灾的水泥罐车灭火方法以及电石运输事故的紧急救援预案。     

基于X3D技术的化学灾害事故处置在线培训系统

从消防部门处置化学灾害事故训练需求出发,采用基于Web的虚拟现实和智能组卷技术,设计并实现了一种化学灾害事故处置在线培训系统。按照化学危险品在储存、运输、生产环节中发生泄漏、燃烧和爆炸等事故类型进行分类,提供了危险源理化性质、事故特点及危害性分析、灭火救援行动措施等知识的在线学习和考试功能。在技术实现方面,采用互联网Web3D标准X3D技术,以三维方式模拟事故场景和表现知识内容,为用户提供了一个网络化、沉浸式的三维互动学习模式和环境。系统的设计和实现为化学灾害事故处置培训工作网络化、培训内容系统化、表现形式多样化提供了一种新的思路。     

Empirical research on diffusion behavior of leaked gas in the ground

Chemical plants and gas utilities own large underground pipelines to transport material such as combustible gas. For example, city gas utilities in Japan have about 230,000 km of pipelines, even if only the pipelines to deliver gas to their customers are considered. Any accidents involving such pipelines can lead to enormous human and physical damage, and their security is therefore a top-priority issue for utilities. For the safety management of underground pipelines, in addition to assessment of the long-term reliability of pipeline materials, it is extremely important to understand the diffusion behavior of gases in the ground, such as the diffusion range and time, in the case of leakage, and the impact on the surrounding area is a fundamental factor to be considered in the design and maintenance of safe facilities and for emergency response. Although many papers introduce the situations of gas diffusion in the atmosphere such as indoor and outdoor conditions, only fundamental surveys have been conducted on gas diffusion in the ground, and there have been few full-scale empirical studies. This study reports the results of the verification of the diffusion behavior with full-scale gas leakage experiments simulating real underground pipelines, as well as the outcomes of the applicability test of a numerical simulation model investigated and proposed based on the results. This technical knowledge regarding security will contribute to further improvement of safety in the industry.