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1.
为提高粉尘爆炸下限浓度(MEC)测试的可靠性,提出基于燃烧持续时间法的测试方法。在理论分析粉尘火焰传播速度与粉尘浓度关系的基础上,利用20 L爆炸球开展试验,研究燃烧持续时间在不同点火能量、粉尘粒径、粉尘浓度条件下的基本变化特征,并对比以燃烧持续时间与爆炸压力为判据获得的MEC的试验结果,验证以燃烧持续时间法测试MEC的可行性。结果表明:燃烧持续时间本质上表征爆炸动力学特征,其低浓度下的最大值对应的浓度即粉尘MEC;利用燃烧持续时间法判断得到的可燃粉尘MEC与现行压力基准测试方法的结果具有较好的一致性,且该方法稳定性更好、试验结果更准确。  相似文献   

2.
五氯硫酚锌盐的一些基本的危险性参数,如燃烧爆炸性能,目前国内外报道极少.笔者采用野外定性燃烧试验、哈特曼管实验及20 L球实验,对该物质粉尘爆炸的危险性进行研究.结果表明,该物质具有燃烧爆炸危险性,但与细小片状铝粉(燃爆危险性很强烈)相比,其粉尘的燃爆危险性很弱.以硅系点火具作为点火源,在20 L爆炸球中测试获得该粉尘爆炸下限浓度约为213 g/m3.根据ISO-6184及VDI-3673等标准,认为该粉尘的爆炸猛烈度为1级.所得结果为该物质的生产及使用安全提供了重要的参考.  相似文献   

3.
利用激光粒度仪对三环唑粉尘的粒径分布进行分析,并用20 L爆炸球测试装置、哈特曼管装置探讨了粉尘质量浓度、点火延迟时间、点火能量、粒径分布对粉尘爆炸的影响并总结了相关规律。实验结果表明:粉尘粒度是影响粉尘最小点火能和爆炸下限的单调因素,粉尘质量浓度是影响粉尘爆炸压力的极值因素,点火延迟时间是影响粉尘最小点火能的极值因素。  相似文献   

4.
为准确评价高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)粉尘爆炸敏感性和开展有效的粉尘防爆工作,采用Godbert-Greenwald恒温炉标准实验装置研究了典型HDPE粉尘云最低着火温度的分布特性,着重探讨了粉尘云浓度对不同喷尘压力条件下HDPE粉尘云最低着火温度的影响规律。研究表明:测试条件下HDPE粉尘云最低着火温度的变化处于360~445 ℃范围,随粉尘云浓度的增加呈现先降低后升高的总体趋势,粉尘云浓度为1.111 kg/m3时出现拐点,且粉尘云最低着火温度随喷尘压力的增加而降低。  相似文献   

5.
对最小爆炸浓度估算的方法进行了评论,论述了对一些标准测试方法修改的必要性,以及引入新参数(如最小危险质量)的必要性。  相似文献   

6.
采用MIE-D1.2型最小点火能测试装置及20 L球型粉尘爆炸测试装置,对苯乙烯丙烯酸共聚物/碳黑混合体系粉尘的爆炸特性进行研究。结果表明,过74μm、58μm、47μm孔径筛的粉尘对静电火花敏感,其最小点火能表征值分别为610 mJ、361 mJ、201 mJ。随粉尘质量浓度增加,最小点火能呈现先减小后增加的规律。随粉尘粒径减小,最小点火能与粉尘质量浓度变化关系曲线向低粉尘质量浓度和低点火能量方向偏移,且对应的最敏感爆炸质量浓度从500 g/m~3降至200 g/m~3。随粉尘质量浓度增加,过147μm、74μm、47μm孔径筛的苯乙烯丙烯酸共聚物/碳黑混合体系粉尘爆炸压力及爆炸压力上升速率呈现先增加后减小趋势。在相同粉尘质量浓度下,中位径小于74μm的苯乙烯丙烯酸共聚物/碳黑混合体系粉尘,粉尘的爆炸压力增幅明显减小。苯乙烯丙烯酸共聚物/碳黑混合体系粉尘爆炸下限质量浓度为25 g/m~3,最大爆炸指数为14.636 MPa·m/s,爆炸危险等级划分为St1。  相似文献   

7.
为了揭示静电因素驱动下的镁铝合金粉尘的爆炸特性,基于直流高压发生器和20 L球形爆炸测试装置,搭建了静电环境粉尘爆炸特性测试系统,测定了静电电压为3 kV、6 kV、9 kV与粉尘质量浓度为250 g/m^(3)、500 g/m^(3)、750 g/m^(3)、1000 g/m^(3)耦合条件下镁铝合金粉的爆炸特性。结果表明:静电场的存在主要影响爆炸时间和最大压力上升速率(dp/dt)_(max),对最大爆炸压力无显著影响;在同一质量浓度下,峰值压力时刻t_(max)随电压上升而缩短,如250 g/m^(3)下,静电场电压9 kV时峰值压力时刻t_(max)是压力0时的52.5%;将粉尘云爆炸过程按喷粉时刻、粉尘着火时刻、最大压力上升速率(dp/dt)_(max)时刻、峰值压力时刻t_(max)四个时刻划分为3个阶段(即t_(2)、t_(3)、t_(4)),静电场的存在使t_(2)和t_(3)缩短,对t_(4)则影响较小,整体而言静电场会加速镁铝合金粉尘爆炸过程。该研究可为深入认识静电环境下镁铝合金粉尘的爆炸机理和镁铝合金粉尘爆炸事故防治提供参考。  相似文献   

8.
<正>美国化学安全与危险调查委员会(Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board,CSB)统计发现,粉尘爆炸事故随着工业发展而逐年递增,进入21世纪后的粉尘爆炸事故是20世纪80年代的3倍之多。近年来,我国也发生了多起影响较大的粉尘爆炸事故,我们可从中认识到粉尘爆炸至少存在以下4个方面的误区。1.材料明火点不燃,认定该材料的粉尘不会爆炸。有些企业经常能碰到该类问题,企业管理人员当场拿出打火机试着去点燃某材料,但材料火焰没有蔓延,就认为该材料  相似文献   

9.
为研究玉米淀粉粉尘爆炸危险性,采用哈特曼管式爆炸测试装置和20 L球爆炸测试装置对200目(<75μm)以下的玉米淀粉粉尘爆炸危险性进行评估,基于静电火花和粉尘质量浓度对粉尘爆炸的影响,对玉米淀粉的静电火花最小点火能量、爆炸下限质量浓度、最大爆炸压力和爆炸指数进行了研究,根据试验结果对玉米淀粉爆炸危险性进行分级.试验结果表明:温度在25℃,喷粉压力为0.80 MPa,粉尘质量浓度在250 ~750g/m3范围内,粉尘的最小点火能量随着粉尘质量浓度增加而降低,其最小点火能量在40~80mJ之间;在点火能量为10 kJ时,粉尘爆炸下限质量浓度在50~60g/m3之间;在粉尘质量浓度为750g/m3时,爆炸压力达到最大,为0.66 MPa;在粉尘质量浓度为500 g/m3时,爆炸指数达到最大,为17.21 MPa·m/s,其粉尘爆炸危险性分级为Ⅰ级.  相似文献   

10.
为了解国内某啤酒企业平筛工艺过程除尘系统新鲜谷物粉尘爆炸特性,采用1.2 L哈特曼管式粉尘爆炸试验装置进行试验,以研究其粉尘粒径、质量浓度、含水率因素对谷物粉尘爆炸压力(P)及爆炸压力上升速率(dP/dt)的影响。结果表明,该谷物粉尘爆炸下限(LEL)质量浓度为125~166.67 g/m3,质量浓度为291.67g/m3时存在最大爆炸压力Pmax和最大爆炸压力上升速率(dP/dt)max,分别为1.81 MPa和10 MPa/s;dP/dt与P变化具有相似性。谷物粉尘粒径由98~105 μm增加至180~1 250 μm,其LEL质量浓度由50~58.33 g/m3增加至141.67~150 g/m3,且P由0.90 MPa降低至0.72 MPa;含水率由6.39%降低至0(绝对干燥)时,P由1.3 MPa增加至2.1 MPa。  相似文献   

11.
Current status and expected future trends in dust explosion research   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
In spite of extensive research and development for more than 100 years to prevent and mitigate dust explosions in the process industries, this hazard continues to threaten industries that manufacture, use and/or handle powders and dusts of combustible materials. Lack of methods for predicting real dust cloud structures and flame propagation processes has been a major obstacle to prediction of course and consequences of dust explosions in practice. However, work at developing comprehensive numerical simulation models for solving these problems is now on its way. This requires detailed experimental and theoretical studies of the physics and chemistry of dust cloud generation and combustion. The present paper discusses how this kind of work will promote the development of means for prevention and mitigation of dust explosions in practice. However, progress in other areas will also be discussed, e.g. ignition prevention. The importance of using inherently safe process design, building on knowledge in powder science and technology, and of systematic education/training of personnel, is also emphasized.  相似文献   

12.
对储存及转运粮食系统除尘粉尘回流问题进行了回顾和评述 ,对天津港散粮站日常处理主要粮食品种伴生粉尘进行了物性分析和粉尘爆炸性测试 ,并结合生产工艺过程进行了设备内部实际粉尘浓度的测试 ,在此基础上得出 :除尘粉尘具有爆炸的危险性 ;爆炸下限较高 ,有利于控制粉尘浓度在爆炸下限以下来预防粉尘爆炸 ;除尘粉尘回流工艺在无粉尘沉积的情况下是安全的。  相似文献   

13.
The reactivity of a combustible dust cloud is traditionally characterized by the so-called KSt value, defined as the maximum rate of pressure rise measured in constant volume explosion vessels, multiplied with the cube root of the vessel volume. The present paper explores the use of an alternative parameter, called the maximum effective burning velocity (ueff,max), which also is derived from pressure–time histories obtained in constant volume explosion experiments. The proposed parameter describes the reactivity of fuel–air mixtures as a function of the dispersion-induced turbulence intensity. Procedures for estimating ueff,max from tests in both spherical and cylindrical explosion vessels are outlined, and examples of calculated values for various fuel–air mixtures in closed vessels of different sizes and shapes are presented. Tested fuels include a mixture of 7.5% methane in air, and suspensions of 500 g/m3 cornstarch in air and 500 g/m3 coal dust in air. Three different test vessels have been used: a 20-l spherical vessel and two cylindrical vessels, 7 and 22 l. The results show that the estimated maximum effective burning velocities are less apparatus dependent than the corresponding KSt values.  相似文献   

14.
    
The understanding of dust explosion is still incomplete because of the lack of reliable data and accurate models accounting for all the physic-chemical aspects. Besides, most of the experimental data available in the current literature has been accumulated on the 20-l spherical bomb tests, which gives coarse results for the pressure history that cannot be easily converted into fundamental combustion parameters. Nevertheless, the large amount of experimental data available in the spherical bomb is attractive. In this work, the explosion of non-nano iron dust in the standard spherical vessel is analyzed, aiming at evaluating the burning velocity from the theoretical point of view and the simple experiments performed by the standard explosion tests. The choice of iron is of relevance because its adiabatic flame temperature is below the boiling temperature of both the reactants and oxidized gaseous, liquid, or solid (intermediate and final) products and for the negligible particle porosity, which instead is typical of organic dust. Therefore, a non-nano iron dust explosion can be reconducted to a reduced mechanism since heterogeneous (surface) combustion may be determinant, and the diffusion mechanism for oxygen is the only relevant. The laminar burning velocity is strongly dependant on the particle diameter, whereas little effects are due to the dust concentration. The reported final value was found in agreement with typical limiting laminar burning velocity, adopted for the estimation of flammability limits.  相似文献   

15.
粉尘爆炸事故模式及其预防研究   总被引:3,自引:4,他引:3  
随着粉体工业的发展,粉尘爆炸发生的危险性也随之增大.为了探讨粉尘爆炸发生的规律,笔者对粉尘爆炸发生的点火源类型、事故原因进行了统计、排序;在对已发生的典型的粉尘爆炸事故分析的基础上,总结、归纳了影响粉尘爆炸发生的,诸如粉尘自身的可燃性、粉尘所处的状态、粉尘所处的外部环境等因素;提炼出了7种粉尘爆炸事故模式,并对各种模式下粉尘爆炸发生的条件、机理进行了初步研究分析,然后提出了相应的事故预防措施.笔者所研究的成果,对粉体工业的安全生产具有实际的指导作用,对今后防灾决策的深入研究也具有一定的参考价值.  相似文献   

16.
    
A correlation of the lower flammability limit for hybrid mixtures was recently proposed by us. The experimental conditions including ignition energy and turbulence which play a primary role in a gas or dust explosion were at fixed values. The sensitivity of such experimental conditions to the accuracy of the proposed formula was not thoroughly discussed in the previous work. Therefore, this work studied the effect of varying the ignition energy and turbulence intensity to the formula proposed in our previous paper. For ignition energy effect, results from methane/niacin mixture demonstrated that the MEC and LFL will not be affected by changing ignition energy. There is no distinguishable difference among gas explosion index (KG) and dust explosion index (KSt) derived from tests with every ignition energy (2.5 kJ, 5 kJ and 10 kJ) in a 36 L vessel. The proposed formula is independent of ignition energy. For turbulence effect, the proposed formula can have a good prediction of the explosion and non-explosion zone if the ignition delay time is within a certain range. The formula prediction is good as the ignition delay time increases up to 100 ms in this work. Propane/niacin and propane/cornstarch mixtures are also tested to validate the proposed formula. It has been confirmed that the proposed formula predicts the explosion and non-explosion zone boundary of such mixtures.  相似文献   

17.
    
This paper reports some experimental work on hot surface ignition temperatures of dust deposits. Dust layers up to 75 mm in depth were ignited using a modified version of the standard 5 mm layer apparatus. The measured ignition temperatures show good agreement with predictions using the method given in EN 50281-2-1. Ignition temperatures of conical dust deposits over an electrically heated box were not predictable, but were not too dissimilar from the ignition temperatures of the thick layers. Both tests gave adequate reproducibility in round robin tests. Rotating steel wheels in contact, immersed in a dust deposit produce the frictional hot surfaces. A relation between the power lost by friction and the surface temperature developed has been derived. The surface temperatures leading to ignition were close to the ignition temperatures for the conical deposits on the heated box. The similarities between the ignition temperatures of dust deposits in several configurations indicate that a simple test for ignition temperature measurement could have wide application in dusty environments.  相似文献   

18.
    
Most industrial powder processes handle mixtures of various flammable powders. Consequently, hazard evaluation leads to a reduction of the disaster damage that arises from dust explosions. Determining the minimum ignition energy (MIE) of flammable mixtures is critical for identifying possibility of accidental hazard in industry. The aim of this work is to measure the critical ignition energy of different kinds of pure dusts with various particle sizes as well as mixtures thereof.The results show that even the addition of a modest amount of a highly flammable powder to a less combustible powder has a significant impact on the MIE. The MIE varies considerably when the fraction of the highly flammable powder exceeds 20%. For dust mixtures consisting of combustible dusts, the relationship between the ignition energy of the mixture and the minimum ignition energy of the components follows the so-called harmonic model based upon the volume fraction of the pure dusts in the mixture. This correlation provides results which show satisfactory agreement with the experimental values.  相似文献   

19.
热爆炸理论在粉尘爆炸机理研究中的应用   总被引:9,自引:5,他引:4  
笔者对粉尘爆炸的几种机理进行了简要分析,认为粉尘爆炸是由热爆炸引起的.在对粉尘燃烧过程作了较为合理的假设后,将热爆炸理论中均温系统的热爆炸判据,应用于粉尘爆炸中,得出了爆炸下限与粉尘粒径呈线性关系的结论,且与实验符合,并推导出粉尘的热爆炸判据.结果表明:用热爆炸理论来解释粉尘爆炸机理是可行的.  相似文献   

20.
    
Lower explosion limits of hybrid fuel mixtures are usually determined through time consuming and expensive experiments. Although, mathematical expressions like Le-Chatelier's Law and Bartknecht curve have been used by many researchers to predict the LEL of hybrid mixtures, significant deviations remain unexplained. This research work, presents a more sophisticated and general approach for the determination of LEL of hybrid mixtures.Assuming that the combustion kinetics of pure species are independent and unchanged by the presence of other combustible species, complete conversion of the reactants and no heat losses, a simple mathematical model has been derived from the enthalpy balance of the whole system. For the experimental validation of the modelled values, modified version of 20L sphere has been employed, following the European standard (EN 14034-3: 2011) as experimental protocol. Hybrid mixtures of three dusts with two gases were selected for the scope of this publication. By analyzing the modelled as well as the experimental values, it can be concluded that the LEL values of the individual components in the hybrid mixture set the upper and lower limit for the LEL of the hybrid mixture provided the total amount of fuel in the system is considered as the concentration of the hybrid mixture. Moreover, the amount of dust or gas required to render the hybrid mixture flammable mainly depends on the energy contribution upon combustion of the individual species to raise the temperature of the whole system from ambient to the flame temperature.Le-Chatelier's Law and Bartknecht curve are empirical relations, which might hold true for a first-order approximation of LEL of hybrid mixtures, but do not represent the most conservative values of LEL reported in literature. This implies that there is a non-zero probability of occurrence of an explosible mixture in the non-explosible concentrations ranges defined by these relations. Considering these arguments, the authors suggest to employ the model presented in this paper – which presents reasonably conservative values of LEL of hybrid mixtures – for theoretical calculation of LEL of hybrid mixtures, when no precise experimental data is available.  相似文献   

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