西安骊山滑坡区三维变形监测

介绍了骊山滑坡的现状及其监测目的，论述了地壳变形三维监测方案，分析了骊山滑坡监测中必须要考虑的一些特殊技术问题，简要叙述了三维变形监测的应用情况及良好效果。     

基于ArcSDE的地震紧急救援数据库建设

提出了建设地震紧急救援数据库的必要性，阐述了地震紧急救援数据库的建设目标，分析了ArcSDE的基础原理，以四川省紧急救援队为例，介绍了利用ArcSDE技术构建地震紧急数据库的建设方法。     

鞍山市区岩溶分布基本规律及其潜在灾害防治的初步探讨

本文简述了鞍山市区地势及地质构造,分析了隐伏岩溶及塌陷分布的基本规律,探讨了岩溶在漫长的地质时期形成的过程,及其表现的主要特征,指出了岩溶塌陷的形成机理及对建筑物的威胁,划出了防范区,最后,提出了防治对策。     

中国自然灾害转移、安置的财政补助机制

简要分析了转移、安置在应急管理与救灾实践中的重要意义。在分析转移、安置要素的基础上，结合灾害脆弱性分析提出了转移、安置规模和程度模型，讨论了人为决策影响因素对模型的影响，较好地体现了自然因素和人为因素的综合作用。根据对转移、安置的发生进程的分析，提出了转移、安置分级的概念并进行了简单的分级，阐述了转移、安置中的资源需求。在这些工作的基础上，进一步分析了我国当前转移、安置财政补助机制的优缺点，提出了基于上述模型和分级标准的改进建议。     

枣庄市防震减灾工作取得显著进展

近年来．随着山东枣庄市经济社会的快速发展．该市各级对防震减灾工作十分重视。围绕地震监测预报、震灾预防和紧急救援三大工作体系建设．采取积极有效的措施．推动防震减灾工作的全面开展。进一步提高了防震减灾综合能力。特别是2006年以来．进一步加强对防震减灾工作的领导．市政府在全省率先印发了市防震减灾“十一五”规划、全市地震应急预案和加强农村民居防震保安工作的意见。其次是加大了资金投入．在陶庄地震台增加了GDQJ-2型数字化强震仪．鲁-15井安装了数字化水位观测设备．增强了监测能力。三是按照依法行政的要求。强化了工程抗震设防管理．对新城区20平方公里地震小区划．与省地震工程院签订了工作协议。四是开展了矿区城市地震减灾对策课题研究．取得的主要研究成果．达到了国内领先水平：参加了中国东部10省市市县防震减灾工作研讨会。五是在熊耳山建成了地震科普馆．作为国家防震减灾科普教育基地：申报了熊耳山地震遗址，编制了《中小学生防震避震知识》。六是编制完成了《枣庄市地震志》。     

基于WebGIS的防灾信息网络发布系统

随着防灾研究的进展，提出了防灾信息发布的迫切要求。通过分析WebGIS技术功能，提出了用ASP结合ActiveX控件技术实现防灾信息网络发布的方案。结合唐山市灾害特点，探讨了唐山市防灾信息发布系统的体系结构、实现方法，分析了网络HTTP协议与Session对象的使用，及系统ASP应用程序开发等。开发了客户端应用程序，实现了防灾信息的实时发布与客户端的实时浏览。最后根据应用情况得出了几点结论，分析了系统在应用中尚存在的不足之处，为防灾信息的数据共享和网络发布系统开发提出了几点建议。     

震害信息遥感获取技术历史、现状和趋势

回顾了基于遥感进行的震害信息获取技术的发展历史,总结了各个遥感技术发展阶段所采用的震害识别技术,对震害识别技术进行了分类,给出了每种分类方法的划分标准和原则,并对每一种震害识别方法的特点进行了分析和评价,指出了其各自的技术关键、优势和不足.根据现行各种识别技术的特点,结合遥感技术发展状况和地震灾害的特点,分析了震害信息获取技术的发展趋势.     

治理热岛效应的新思路

<正>今年夏天,中国北方奇热,很多地方超过了40℃。在北京,气温创下了60年来的新高。地面的温度达到了63℃,北京电视台的记者现场做了一个实验,把一只鸡蛋打碎了,泼在马路的井盖上,三分钟后,鸡蛋被烤熟了。看看中国的城市,几乎是千篇一律,都是钢筋水泥筑成的森     

泥石流风险评价

针对当前泥石流灾害评价研究中的问题，论述了引入风险概念的重要性。简要介绍了泥石流危险度的研究方法。根据人的价值理论改进了泥石流灾害易损度评价体系，提出了社会易损度的定量化方法。将可能造成的人员伤亡在风险评价的成果中单列出来，解决了对人的社会价值评价难题。改进了泥石流风险评价指标体系，提出了对今后泥石流灾害评价的建议。     

航空遥感影像上震害解译的结构模型与几何特征的获取

首先给出了基于航空遥感影像的震害分类方案及各种震害在遥感图像上的主要特征，提出了一种震害解译的结构模型。然后讨论了震害的几何测度指标，并研究了震害几何特征的获取，最后对遥感影像震害解译的前景进行了展望。     

Cholera in Sudan: An account of an epidemic in a refugee camp in eastern Sudan, May-June 1985

In 1985 cholera has been a serious problem in the horn of Africa, particularly affecting the many famine victims and refugees in that region. In this paper the history of cholera in Africa is briefly summarized, as is the background to the current refugee situation in eastern Sudan. A cholera epidemic involving 1,175 cases in two adjacent refugee camps in eastern Sudan is described. In this epidemic there were thirteen inpatient deaths and thirty-eight known home deaths from cholera. The management of the epidemic is described in detail. Overall an average of 8 1. of intravenous fluid was used per case, a higher figure than was anticipated, probably because of the unexpected degree of vomiting and the shortage of trained nursing staff.
The relationship between cholera and malnutrition is explored and hypochlorhydria is suggested as the main reason for the increased susceptibility to cholera among malnourished populations. It was observed that severely malnourished adults and children appeared to nave less severe diarrhoea with their cholera, presumably because of reduced mucosal surface area and poor enterocyte function. Finally possible means of aborting cholera epidemics are discussed.     

A retrospective statistical review of deaths owing to migration through the southeasternmost land borders of the European Union,Greece 2000–14

The land borders of Evros, Greece, have been a common entry point for undocumented migrants on their way to Europe through Turkey. Adverse conditions, however, have resulted in many human casualties over the years. On the Greek side, 334 cadavers were retrieved between 2000 and 2014. This study provides a detailed forensic account of the humanitarian disaster in Evros to create an official scientific record of the situation. It showcases the gravity of the global issue of migration relating to health and mortality, and encourages communication and continual improvement of the approach and patterns of practices surrounding the subject. A retrospective statistical research review was conducted of border‐related fatalities between 2000 and 2014, assessing the age and gender of victims, the cause of death, the location of bodies, identification rates, and country of origin. Age ranged generally from 24 to 29 years, but infants and children were among the deceased.     

Complexity,continuity and change: livelihood resilience in the Darfur region of Sudan

Darfur farming and pastoralist livelihoods are both adaptations to the environmental variability that characterises the region. This article describes this adaptation and the longer‐term transformation of these specialised livelihoods from the perspective of local communities. Over several decades farmers and herders have experienced a continuous stream of climate, conflict and other shocks, which, combined with wider processes of change, have transformed livelihoods and undermined livelihood institutions. Their well‐rehearsed specialist strategies are now combined with new strategies to cope. These responses help people get by in the short term but risk antagonising not only their specialist strategies but also those of others. A combination of factors has undermined the former integration between farming and pastoralism and their livelihood institutions. Efforts to build resilience in similar contexts must take a long‐term view of livelihood adaptation as a specialisation, and consider the implications of new strategies for the continuity and integration of livelihood specialisations.     

Risk communication in emergency response to a simulated extreme flood

Risk communication in flood incident management can be improved through developing hydrometeorological and engineering models used as tools for communicating risk between scientists and emergency management professionals. A range of such models and tools was evaluated by participating flood emergency managers during a 4-day, real-time simulation of an extreme event in the Thamesmead area in the Thames estuary close to London, England. Emergency managers have different communication needs and value new tools differently, but the indications are that a range of new tools could be beneficial in flood incident management. Provided they are communicated large model uncertainties are not necessarily unwelcome among flood emergency managers. Even so they are cautious about sharing the ownership of weather and flood modelling uncertainties.     

Fiji, land of tropical cyclones and hurricanes: A case study of agricultural rehabilitation

Tropical cyclones and hurricanes have a severe impact on the social and economic activities of affected communities. For small island nations in the Pacific region, the effects can be devastating because of their smallness. FQi and several other countries in the region are vulnerable to such disasters as they are situated in the zone where cyclones occur frequently.
During the last decade, the frequency of natural disasters and their adverse impact on die economic and social development of small nations like Fiji, has aroused awareness mat relief efforts must go beyond immediate "mopping up" operations to those which contribute to attaining longer term benefits through reconstruction and rehabilitation.
The paper outlines the 1985 agricultural rehabilitation program and discusses related issues and problems.     

Risk and the neoliberal state: why post-Mitch lessons didn't reduce El Salvador's earthquake losses

Although El Salvador suffered light losses from Hurricane Mitch in 1998, it benefited from the increased international aid and encouragement for advance planning, especially mitigation and prevention interventions. Thus, one would have supposed, El Salvador would have been in a very advantageous position, able more easily than its economically crippled neighbours, Honduras and Nicaragua, to implement the 'lessons of Mitch'. A review of the recovery plan tabled by the El Salvador government following the earthquakes of early 2001 shows that despite the rhetoric in favour of 'learning the lessons of Mitch', very little mitigation and prevention had actually been put in place between the hurricane (1998) and the earthquakes (2001). The recovery plan is analysed in terms of the degree to which it deals with root causes of disaster vulnerability, namely, the economic and political marginality of much of the population and environmental degradation. An explanation for the failure to implement mitigation and preventive actions is traced to the adherence by the government of El Salvador to an extreme form of neoliberal, free market ideology, and the deep fissures and mistrust in a country that follow a long and bloody civil war.     

Epidemiology of tornado destruction in rural northern Bangladesh: risk factors for death and injury

The epidemiology of tornado-related disasters in the developing world is poorly understood. An August 2005 post-tornado cohort study in rural Bangladesh identified elevated levels of death and injury among the elderly (≥ 60 years of age) (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 8.9 (95 per cent confidence interval (CI): 3.9-20.2) and AOR = 1.6 (95 per cent CI: 1.4-1.8), respectively), as compared to 15-24 year-olds, and among those outdoors versus indoors during the tornado (AOR = 10.4 (95 per cent CI: 5.5-19.9) and AOR = 6.6 (95 per cent CI: 5.8-7.5), respectively). Females were 1.24 times (95 per cent CI: 1.15-1.33) more likely to be injured than males. Elevated risk of injury was significantly associated with structural damage to the house and tin construction materials. Seeking treatment was protective against death among the injured, odds ratio = 0.08 (95 per cent CI: 0.03-0.21). Further research is needed to develop injury prevention strategies and to address disparities in risk between age groups and between men and women.     

火灾场景中玻璃破裂行为研究综述

建筑物在火场中的结构响应问题中,门窗玻璃在火场中的热响应特性及破裂脱落是影响火灾发展的重要因素之一。通过事故案例分析了火灾场景中玻璃破裂脱落的危害性,指出了研究火灾场景中玻璃受热破裂脱落的意义,并对目前火灾场景中玻璃受热破裂过程和主要形态、玻璃的破裂机理和判据等的研究现状进行了详细的分析,总结了目前实验和计算机模拟的最新研究进展和不足,为今后进一步开展玻璃受热破裂脱落研究提出了若干建议。     

中国内陆自然环境的干旱化与未来趋势

根据中国内陆陕西、甘肃部分地区５０９ａ旱涝资料和主要测站气象、水文实测数据,应用Ｗｏｒｄ９７图形处理系统,证明在５２６ａ序列中目前处在１１ａ、５０ａ滑动的干旱期。近４６ａ气温上升了０．３℃,年降水减少了８０ｍｍ,径流量减少了０．７８％,出现了明显的干旱化,环境变化趋势不容乐观。