中新开展城市搜索与救援队冬季适应性联合训练

正2014年1月6-9日,由中国地震局、新加坡民防部队土办的中新城市搜索与救援队冬季适应性联合训练在位于北京西郊的国家地震紧急救援训练基地举行。中国地震局局长陈建民会见了专程来华出席联合训练的新加坡民防部队总监叶伟德一行,双方就进一步加强中新在地震应急救援领域合作达成共识。希望继续深化和扩大双方合作与交     

新加坡民防部队成立化武特别拯救连

化武特别拯救连的目标新加坡民防部队最近成立一支专门应付生化武器威胁的特别拯救连(Special RescueCompany),以加强对这类非常规威胁的应对能力。这支由107人组成的连队,除了已接受处理化学物质方面的训练外,也能执行大规模疏散及在城市内展开搜寻与拯救的任务。民防总监     

新加坡民防部队总监叶伟德一行访问中国地震局

2013年5月6日,中国地震局局长陈建民和副局长赵和平在地震局办公大楼会见了新加坡民防部队总监叶伟德一行,双方就共同感兴趣的其他话题进行了交流,就深化中新在地震应急救援领域的交流与合作达成共识,并探讨了下一步合作计划。陈建民局长代表中国地震局感谢新加坡民防部队一直以来对中国地震局的支持和帮助,充分肯定了第一批武警工化中队救援骨干赴新加坡民防学院培训的成效,并详细介绍了四川省芦山"4.20"7.0级强烈地震的应急响     

新西兰防灾减灾工作现状

新西兰政府非常重视自然灾害的防御工作,国家设有民防部专门负责地震、洪水、火山、滑坡、土壤流失、海啸、风暴等灾害防御工作。各大区（相当于我国的省）和地方（相当于我国的市、县）三级都设有负责灾害防御的政府民防总指挥中心。     

北京市民防融入城市应急管理体系障碍性因素分析

分析了北京市民防系统在城市应急管理体系中的地位、作用和职能现状。北京市民防在融入城市应急管理体系过程中,存在双重领导体制和高层缺位、基层缺腿的体制障碍;政府职能结构不合理、法律障碍和融入模式缺乏共识等也是民防融入城市应急管理体系重要的障碍性因素。从调整国家和北京市领导组织机构、加强民防应急管理法制建设以及在应急预案中体现民防应急管理职能等方面提出建议。     

我国城市灾害预警系统建设的思考

城市是人们赖以生存和发展的地方,是国家政治、经济及文化的中心。同时,城市是现今各种自然灾害的承载体。随着近些年自然灾害不断地增多,城市灾害预警系统变得越来越重要,它成为减少民众生命财产损失的一项十分有效的措施。我国的城市灾害预警系统已经初具雏形,在城市的防灾减灾方面发挥了重要作用。结合近些年我国城市灾害的特点,以及世界上一些灾害预警系统建设先行国家的经验,阐述城市灾害预警系统的概念、重要性及基本构成;同时针对我国城市灾害预警系统建设的现状、发展状况以及存在的问题,对我国城市灾害预警系统的建设和实施进行分析和讨论,并提供可行的建议。     

声明

正为了促进民防信息的交流,扩大民防科学知识的普及,提高全民灾害预防意识和减灾防护技能,凡《生命与灾害》杂志刊登的文章,均在出版后一次性付清稿酬,除继续录入上海民防网外,还将在《中国期刊网全     

2011年上半年《生命与灾害》民防科技论文增刊征文启事

《生命与灾害》(原名《民防苑》)杂志由上海市民防办公室主管,上海市民防科研所主办。是全国人(民)防系统唯一一本公开发行的科普期刊(国际标准连续出版物号:ISSN1674-571X,国     

古巴召开第3届国际灾害大会

在世界卫生组织泛美卫生组织的支持下,古巴科学院、公共卫生部、农业部、内务部、古巴红十字会、国家民防指挥部等联合召开第三届国际灾害大全,会议于1992年10月12日至15日在哈瓦那举行。目的是为在灾害情况下从事生命财产的环境保护的专家们提供交流经验     

“9.19”上海市民防办公室将组织防灾警报试鸣

为增强广大市民应对突发灾害的意识,提高城市综合防护能力,上海市民防办公室将于2009年9月19日(全民国防教育日)在全市范围内组织防灾警报试鸣。这是上海历史上第一次鸣响防灾警报。组织防灾警报试鸣的依据《中华人民共和国人民防空法》第三十六条规定:"人     

突出重点 全面防御 健全体系 强化管理 社会参与 共同抵御

陈建民局长在2011年全国地震局长会暨党风廉政建设工作会议上指出,科学规划＂十二五＂时期的事业发展,按照＂科学防灾、积极避灾＂的要求,大力开展基础探测工作,加强抗震设防要求与行业抗震设计规范的衔接,强化监管,把防震保安工作纳入新农村建设,全面提升民居的抗震能力,实现有效减灾。     

岩土矿物与疾病

地方病是与地质环境有一定依存性的疾病。它的致病物质除直接来自人类生产和生活制品外,主要源于自然界的大气、水土、岩石中。换言之,人类生存发育与一定地区的水、土和生物化学元素含量有关,当某些元素含量过高,与人需要量不相适应时,就可能导致人发生某种疾病。归纳与地质因素有关的地方病有甲状腺肿(克汀病)、克山病、硒中毒、氟中毒、铜毒、铅毒症、不孕症、食道癌、肝癌、布鲁氏菌病、鼻咽癌、口腔癌、乳腺癌等。     

陕西汉中“98.7”洪涝灾害剖析

对汉中市１９９８年７月上旬的雨情、灾情作了初步统计,分析了致灾原因及经验与教训。     

Foundations of community disaster resilience: well-being,identity, services,and capitals

If community disaster resilience is to mature into a robust and lasting area of research, methodologically facilitated dialogue between empirical observations and theory is necessary. However, methodological and empirical research has outpaced community disaster resilience theory. To address this gap, a theoretical framework called WISC is presented. WISC is named after four constructs of the framework: well-being, identity, services, and capitals. WISC relates the two concepts of community and infrastructure, broadly defined, to the four constructs it is named after. The 4 constructs are respectively defined by 29 variables. The broadest interpretation of WISC is that infrastructure supports and facilitates components of community within human settlements. Infrastructure is represented as combinations of capitals and services; community is represented by connections of identity and well-being. Ultimately, well-being of a community is dependent on that community's collective capital. But these two constructs are mediated by the intervening constructs of identity and services. WISC goes beyond existing frameworks by addressing essential elements of theory building that have been overlooked in the literature, while synthesizing other frameworks and areas of knowledge. WISC provides a powerful foundation for posing and evaluating hypotheses, improving data collection efforts, and, most importantly, enabling critical theory building.     

Ethnicity,income, and disaster preparedness in Deep South Texas,United States

This paper examines the influence of a series of demographic and socioeconomic factors on preparedness outcomes for a sample of residents of the Rio Grande Valley in the southernmost part of Texas, United States. Data were collected as part of the regional Pulse of the Valley Study, a general social survey of south Texas residents conducted by the Center for Survey Research at the University of Texas‐Rio Grande Valley. The purpose of this investigation is to understand better the effects of ethnicity and income on preparedness within a region of the US that suffers from widespread poverty and limited infrastructure and is prone to flooding and hurricanes. Taken together, the results suggest that while age, disaster experience, and income are associated with preparedness, the relationship between preparedness and ethnicity remains complex. Furthermore, policymakers should consider initiatives that address the socioeconomic and other issues that shape preparedness for a disaster.     

Social entrepreneurship,co-production,and post-disaster recovery

Post-disaster recovery requires co-production; that is, the inputs of citizens are essential for successful community recovery to occur. Citizens contribute to post-disaster recovery by volunteering, taking on consultative and decision-making roles within their communities, and directly participating in post-disaster reconstruction efforts. Without meaning ful contributions from citizens—the intended beneficiaries—unilateral efforts by public officials and authorities will inevitably fail. This study shows that social entrepreneurs can thus play a critical role in spurring post-disaster recovery by facilitating co-production. It focuses on the role of social entrepreneurs after disasters and centres on one rural village, Giranchaur Namuna Basti in the Sindhupalchowk District of Nepal. Specifically, the study uses the case of the Dhurmus Suntali Foundation's Namuna village project in Giranchaur following the 7.8-magnitude earthquake that struck on 25 April 2015 to examine the pivotal role that social entrepreneurs assume in promoting voluntary activities, community engagement, and participation in post-disaster recovery efforts.     

滇、桂、粤、闽、台灾害链讨论

由于对洪水、台风和巨大风暴潮的长期预测尚有一定困难，因之需要多学科进行综合研究。本文通过对滇、桂、粤、闽、台地区历史上大震后同年或次年发生上述重大气象灾害的事实，讨论了灾害链的预测，同时也讨论了灾害链的形成机制，包括构造活动、北回归线效应以及孟加拉湾大桥活动的双重后果。文中还提出了4条减灾对策。