石油产品装卸过程中的油气回收技术

介绍了石油产品装卸过程产生的油气污染及其治理方法、工艺过程与技术特点。结合中国石化股份有限公司长岭分公司石油产品装卸过程产生的油气污染情况,对油气回收方案的选择、回收工艺及油品回收情况与经济效益进行了论述。     

石油加工过程的环境影响后评价

我国的石油加工过程环境影响评价工作属于前期预测评价,存在一定的局限性。目前,石油加工过程的环境影响后评价工作尚处于探索发展阶段。本文主要介绍了石油加工过程及其环境影响后评价的概念,分析了石油加工过程的主要环境影响,详述了石油加工过程环境影响后评价的程序、内容及评价指标,并结合实例加以说明。最后指出,开展石油加工过程的环境影响后评价工作势在必行。     

石油污染土壤修复技术的进展

综述了石油污染土壤修复技术的发展现状及存在的瓶颈,分析了石油污染对油-水-土界面性质、土-水关系和土壤渗透性等水理性质的影响.对石油污染土壤再利用于工程建设进行了探讨,并总结了石油污染土壤主要的力学性质变化,为石油污染土壤修复技术的工程实践和机理研究提供参考.     

微生物降解石油烃污染物的研究进展

对石油烃污染物的生物处理技术进行了较全面的介绍,总结了国内外在该领域的研究成果.重点介绍了石油烃降解微生物种类、石油烃降解酶、环境影响因素以及微生物降解石油烃技术的应用等方面的研究进展.分析了现有研究中存在的不足,并对今后的研究趋势作了预测和展望.     

石油化工厂排放废水致癌致突变性研究

本文叙述了利用细胞遗传毒理学方法,即诱导 V_(79)细胞姐妹染色单体交换及微核试验,对石油化工厂所排废水(部分经过净化处理)进行了致癌致突变性研究。该研究工作为石油化工厂进一步做好废水净化、加强排放管理、保护水土资源,防止环境污染提供了科学依据。     

含油石蜡与石油脂真空蒸馏残渣的除油方法

СайфуллинН.Р.等人发明了一种将含油石蜡与石油脂的真空蒸馏残渣进行除油处理的新方法。将含油石蜡与石油脂蒸馏残渣在加有水的丁酮溶液中冷却 ,可使石蜡从液相中分离出。该方法的优点在于 ,真空蒸馏残渣与丁酮的体积比为 1∶ 7,加水量为物料的45%。获得的混合物冷却到 30℃ ,通过沉淀析出的石蜡 ,其含油质量分数不超过 1 8%含油石蜡与石油脂真空蒸馏残渣的除油方法     

石油烃污染土壤微生物修复促进技术

采用原位修复法处理石油烃污染土壤,考察了土壤中石油烃的自然降解情况,研究了土壤改良剂和生物营养剂对石油烃降解的促进作用。实验结果表明:将总石油烃含量约为5 g/kg的实验土样降解30 d,自然降解时总石油烃降解率为7.8%;当单独加入1.0%(w)的土壤改良剂时,总石油烃降解率达36.0%;当单独加入1.0 g/kg的生物营养剂时,总石油烃降解率为51.6%;最佳促进剂配方为土壤改良剂加入量1.0%(w),生物营养剂加入量1.0 g/kg,此条件下总石油烃降解率为80.1%。     

国内简讯

搞好《两评》将石油和化工行业信息化提升到一个新水平———庆祝石油和化工信息事业创建4 5周年195 8年12月8日,原化学工业部颁发了《化学工业技术情报工作方案》,拉开了我国石油和化学工业信息事业的序幕。为庆祝石油和化工信息事业创建4 5周年,把石油和化工行业信息化提升到一个新水平,2 0 0 4年2月中旬,中国石油和化学工业协会作为主办单位,委托中国化工信息中心和中国化工情报信息协会承办,连续发出了《关于开展第五届全国石油和化工行业优秀信息成果评选和第二次全国石油和化工行业优秀信息工作者评选的通知》,简称《两评》。随着计算…     

植物修复石油污染土壤的研究进展

石油污染土壤的植物修复技术以其处理成本低、无二次污染、自然美观等特点,正逐步成为未来石油污染治理研究的一个重要方向。文章综述了植物修复石油污染土壤的研究进展,阐述了植物修复的机理、影响因素、转基因植物的应用及与其他技术的联用,并探讨了植物修复石油污染土壤研究中存在的问题。     

铁活化过硫酸盐修复石油烃污染土壤的研究进展

分析了Fe~0、Fe~(2+)和Fe~(3+)活化过硫酸盐氧化石油烃的机理,介绍了土壤中石油烃污染物降解的影响因素以及总结了铁活化过硫酸盐修复石油烃污染土壤技术的不足。指出应以铁活化过硫酸盐原位修复作为土壤中高浓度有机污染物的前处置方法,再结合微生物或植物修复等技术,以减少对土壤理化性质的影响;另外,检测仪器的发展有利于土壤修复技术的应用。     

老化油处理技术研究进展

老化油是石油工业生产过程中产生的含大量化学药剂、水、黏土及无机盐的状态稳定的复杂乳液,其产生量大、处理难度高。介绍了老化油的来源、成分、数量、对生产的危害、特点及处理难点,总结了老化油现有的处理方法,包括物理法、化学法、生物法及组合工艺,分析了各种方法的优缺点,并对老化油的管理和研究方向提出了建议。     

厌氧消化-A/O-臭氧催化氧化-BAF工艺处理农药废水生化出水的中试研究

采用“厌氧消化-A/O-臭氧催化氧化-BAF”组合工艺对某农药企业污水处理站生化出水进行中试研究。中试装置设计处理规模为12 t/d,进水水质主要指标： COD为214~346 mg/L,ρ（NH₃-N）为8~35 mg/L,TN为65~108 mg/L。经组合工艺处理后,出水COD为51.2~71.4 mg/L,ρ（NH₃-N）为2.4~6.8 mg/L,TN为13.6~19.2 mg/L,出水水质可达到江苏省《化学工业主要水污染物排放标准》（DB 32/939-2006）中的一级标准。整套工艺对进水具有较强的耐冲击负荷能力,可适应难降解、高氮废水,具有较好的经济效益。     

Using ultraviolet light to investigate petroleum-contaminated soil

Ultraviolet (UV) light can aid in the investigation of petroleum-contaminated soil and sediment. The visible fluorescence of many petroleum products under UV illumination often results in a striking contrast when compared with surrounding, uncontaminated media. This contrast can be used in a variety of applications, including delineating the extent of petroleum in excavations, locating seeps along shorelines, and selecting sample intervals in sediment cores. In another application, a field screening test using UV light combined with solvent extraction was developed to detect low levels of petroleum in soil. The test rapidly screens soil samples for the presence and relative concentration of petroleum hydrocarbons. The test was used to screen samples for laboratory analysis and identify residual petroleum product in boring samples.     

Examining the economics of remediation by fluid injection with vacuum extraction

Enhanced methods of in-situ remediation based on patented technology involving fluid injection with vacuum extraction have been used successfully at the Sand Creek Superfund Site in Commerce City, Colorado. Approximately 177,000 pounds of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were removed from the subsurface in six months, two months ahead of schedule. Remediation goals were achieved on this thermally enhanced soil vapor extraction project by using vertical and horizontal wells interchangeably in vacuum or pressure service for vapor extraction, dual vacuum extraction, heated vapor reinjection, and air sparging. Although VOCs consisted of mixed chlorinated and petroleum hydrocarbons, the petroleum hydrocarbons, some in the form of nonaqueous phase liquids, had not been fully characterized. This article examines the evolution of the remedial design from that conceptualized in the Record of Decision (ROD) of the U.S. EPA, presents the rationale for the selection of alternative system components, and provides a cost analysis of the selected remedial technology, with comparisons to that of alternatives considered for use at Sand Creek.     

Petroleum Hydrocarbons Rhizodegradation by Sebastiania commersoniana (Baill.) L. B. SM. & Downs

Petroliferous activities in Brazil have an accelerated development in the last years. As a consequence, the incidence of environmental accidents such as oil spills and contamination of soils has increased significantly. Therefore, it is extremely necessary to develop remediation techniques with lower costs, decontamination efficiency and impact minimisation. The aim of this work was to evaluate Sebastiania commersoniana phytoremediation potential in soil contaminated by petroleum. This species, which is a native tree, was selected due to its proven capacity for surviving in areas contaminated by petroleum. Experiments were carried out with soils that were vegetated but non-contaminated, soils that were freshly contaminated (25, 50 and 75 g kg^?1) but non-vegetated, and soils that were vegetated and contaminated, samples were collected 60 and 424 days after contamination with the purpose of evaluating the percentage of petroleum degradation in relation to the time. The results obtained in the present study allow us to state that S. commersoniana proves to be tolerant to petroleum contamination with respect to plant’s growth. The degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons was evaluated by gas chromatography with a flame ionisation detector (GC-FID) equipped with a capillary column HP-5 (5% phenyl-methylpolysiloxane, 30 m; 0.25 mm; 0.25 μm). According to chromatographic analysis, samples in contact with S. commersoniana showed a significant area reduction of the hydrocarbon peaks. Analysis of the 60-day samples showed a reduction of petroleum hydrocarbons area higher than 60% and the 424-day samples showed a reduction higher than 94%, which demonstrates that a petroleum degradation process is occurring.     

黄孢原毛平革菌的生长及降解石油条件的优化

在限氮振荡的条件下研究了藜芦醇、Tween-80、草酸、H2O2对黄孢原毛平革菌(P.C.菌)的生长量和石油降解性能的影响。实验结果表明:藜芦醇质量浓度低于0.05 g/L时促进P.C.菌的生长,高质量浓度时抑制P.C.菌的生长,石油降解率随藜芦醇质量浓度增加先升高后下降;Tween-80质量浓度低于7 mg/L时,P.C.菌生长量和石油降解率均随Tween-80质量浓度增大而增加,Tween-80质量浓度大于其临界胶束浓度时,P.C.菌生长量和石油降解率均低于未加Tween-80时;添加草酸抑制P.C.菌的生长,草酸质量浓度为35 mg/L时石油降解率最高,草酸质量浓度为350 mg/L时石油降解率低于未加草酸时;加入H2O2的体系中,石油降解率明显高于无H2O2体系。     

Laser-induced fluorescence and fast gas chromatography/mass spectrometry with subsurface thermal extraction of organics: Field analytical technologies for expediting site characterization and cleanup

This article describes new field-based technologies that support the Dynamic Workplan/Adaptive Sampling and Analysis Program employed to better characterize hazardous waste sites at lower cost. A laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) probe was designed and field-tested with a cone penetrometer (CP) for investigating petroleum contaminants present at under-ground tank farms. The LIF produced real-time quantitative data for naphthalene and semiquantitative results for total petroleum hydrocarbons and diesel range organics. Two different projects are described employing fast gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) in the field. A 70-foot heated transfer line and probe were used in combination with a cone penetrometer to thermally extract (TE) subsurface soil-bound semivolatile organics. In the second project, soil samples were collected by a Geoprobe^TM and brought to the surface for analysis. The direct measurement TECP data produced semiquantitative results while the more conventional means of collecting and analyzing samples produced risk analysis quality data in the field. A new set of mass spectrometry algorithms provided the technology breakthrough for identifying and quantifying a wide range of Environmental-Protection-Agency-listed target compounds in the presence of high levels of matrix (petroleum) interferents under fast, 7 min/sample, GC conditions.