共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 78 毫秒
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《矿山资源开发利用与环境保护》2001,(6):9-11
煤炭是我国的主要能源,储量非常丰富。在当前能源利用结构中,煤炭占70%以上。但是由于煤炭在燃烧阶段,会产生大量含有二氧化硫、氮氧化物和粉尘的废气,严重污染了大气环境。因此,探讨煤炭加工过程中废气的产生及防治具有十分重要的意义。 相似文献
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环境中VOCs的污染现状及处理技术研究进展 总被引:7,自引:2,他引:5
综述了近十年来大气环境中挥发性有机物(VOcs)的污染现状及其主要处理技术的研究进展.介绍了目前大气环境中VOCs的主要处理技术(包括吸附、冷凝及膜分离等回收技术和燃烧、等离子体、光催化降解和生物降解等销毁技术)的适用条件、经济性、可操作性和净化效率.提出要对VOCs的吸收和生物降解的反应动力学模型、催化机制、材料的性能及微生物活性进行深入研究的建议. 相似文献
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物元分析在大气环境质量评价中的应用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
将大气环境质量级别、评价指标及其特征值作为物元,根据大气环境质量标准建立关联函数,提出了一种用物元分析评价大气环境质量的方法。用实例与贴近度法及模糊综合评判法进行了对比,结果完全一致。 相似文献
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近年来,燃煤电厂烟气中的汞成为继SO2、NOx和烟尘之后又一公认的大气环境污染物,我国已正式立法控制燃煤电厂汞排放,这使得燃煤电厂汞排放技术的研究迫在眉睫。不同形态汞的理化性质不同,元素态汞( Hg0)较之氧化态汞(Hg2+)和颗粒态汞(Hgp)更难去除,因此,脱汞的前提是提高Hg0的氧化率。介绍并简单分析了目前国内外已有的汞排放控制技术:燃烧前控制(清洁燃煤发电技术)、燃烧中控制(煤基添加剂技术和炉膛喷射技术),和燃烧后控制(利用现有的烟气控制设备协同控制),并对我国脱汞技术发展方向提出了展望。 相似文献
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Stephen A. Norton 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2007,7(1-3):93-98
Pollution of the atmosphere with cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), and lead (Pb) is a consequence of human activities. Natural archives
are necessary to reconstruct the long-term history of metal deposition because accurate measurement of atmospheric deposition
is a recent accomplishment. Reconstructions require: (1) accurate determination of concentrations of elements and isotopes,
(2) accurate chronology of archives, and (3) archives that faithfully record atmosphere deposition. The most useful long-term
archives are accumulations of ice and snow, peat, and lake sediment. Quantification of Cd deposition is uncommon because of
its low concentration and substantial chemical mobility. Nonetheless, trends in peat and lake sediment are similar to those
of Hg and Pb since ca. 1800 a.d. Both Hg and Pb are relatively chemically immobile and thus the peat and lake archives are believed to record historic trends
of atmospheric deposition. Isotopic and concentration studies of Pb indicate a history of northern hemisphere atmospheric
pollution extending back prior to 0 a.d. Although measurements of Hg concentration are now routine, isotopic measurements are in their infancy. Some Hg pollution
sources have unique isotopic ratios, thereby contributing unique signals to the total Hg. Maximum accumulation rates of Hg
and Pb occur up to 10 years later than for Cd (1970s versus 1960s in eastern North America, perhaps slightly later in Europe).
By 2004, deposition of Cd, Hg, and Pb had declined from peak values in eastern North America more than 75, 75, and 90%, respectively. 相似文献
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Lake sediment cores were analyzedto study the history of mercury (Hg) pollution andparticularly to determine whether recent sedimentconcentrations have declined in response todeclining atmospheric deposition of Hg. Sedimentcores from 6 forest lakes distributed fromsouthern to northern Sweden and 3 northernmountain lakes were analyzed for Hg using CVAAS. A400 cm sediment profile from Måkevatten insouthwest Sweden indicates that the onset of Hgpollution occurred in the 18th century. Anindisputable increase in Hg concentrationsoccurred concurrent with the appearance ofspheroidal carbonaceous flyash particles (SCP)derived from fossil-fuel combustion, in themid-19th century. There is a strong correlationbetween Hg and SCP concentrations in the sedimentcores (r=0.67 to 0.91), which suggests a strongrelationship between historical Hg pollution andfossil fuel burning. In contrast to sediment corestaken in 1979, maximum Hg concentrations are nowobserved below the sediment surface and declinetowards the sediment surface. This study confirmsthat reductions in atmospheric deposition of Hgover Sweden have resulted in a decreased transferof total Hg to aquatic environments as reflectedby lake sediments, and that lake sediment profilesof Hg concentrations reflect relative trends inthe atmospheric deposition of Hg rather thanpost-depositional diagenetic processes. 相似文献
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中国大气环境质量现状及趋势分析 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
近年来我国经济的快速发展在引起能源消费急剧增长的同时带来了严重的环境污染问题.回顾近年来我国大气环境质量的基本状况,综合分析造成我国大气污染的主要原因,对造成我国大气污染的主要污染源火电行业的污染现状做了具体阐述,并在此基础上预测大气环境质量的变化趋势. 相似文献
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Trends in the Water Chemistry of High Altitude Lakes in Europe 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Mosello R. Lami A. Marchetto A. Rogora M. Wathne B. Lien L. Catalan J. Camarero L. Ventura M. Psenner R. Koinig K. Thies H. Sommaruga-Wögrath S. Nickus U. Tait D. Thaler B. Barbieri A. Harriman R. 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2002,2(2):75-89
Here we present the chemical trends of seven high altitude lakes, analysed within the AL:PE and MOLAR Projects of the EU (1999) and selected on the basis of the availability of complete and reliable data for the period 1984–1999. The lakes are representative of the Scandinavian Alps, the Cairngorm Mountains in Scotland, the Alps and the Pyrenees. Significant trends were identified for some indicators of acidification, for instance pH and alkalinity, but not all lakes reacted similarly to decreasing depositions of sulphate and base cations. Differences in lake response are discussed in relation to recent variations of atmospheric deposition chemistry and associated changes in climatic conditions. Beside individual variations of the studied lakes, depending, among other things, on altitude and morphology, catchment characteristics and climate trends play a major role for the reaction of high altitude lakes on changes in atmospheric depositions. 相似文献
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石化企业的酸性水汽提装置、酸性干气脱硫装置和硫磺回收装置统称为#x0201c;两酸#x0201d;装置。对#x0201c;两酸#x0201d;装置所采用的工艺流程进行详细分析,得出#x0201c;两酸#x0201d;装置的有组织排放大气污染物主要为SO2和NOx,无组织排放大气污染物主要为H2S、NH3、有机硫化物和烃类。无组织排放源集中在各单元反应器、储罐和酸性气管线。针对无组织排放源,从防止逸散和恶臭治理两个方面提出了相应的污染防治措施,并比较了溶剂吸收法、燃烧法、湿法化学吸收法等目前常用的恶臭治理技术的优缺点。 相似文献