共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 78 毫秒
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在农药和化学品的风险评估工作中,环境动力学模型正得到越来越多的应用。采用Stella软件、Matlab M文件和Matlab Simulink 组件3种建模方式分别构建了微宇宙、湖泊和海湾系统的多介质环境动力学模型,并对3种方式的建模难度、计算耗时及模型直观性进行了比较。研究结果表明:Stella模型最直观,但提供的计算方法有限,更适用于微分方程数量不多且计算周期短的模型;M文件模型建模速度最快,但在直观性和计算速度上没有优势,不建议在环境动力学模型中使用;Simulink模型兼具直观性和计算速度快的优点,无论微分方程数量多少,在需要进行长周期计算的模型中都最具优势。 相似文献
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在电磁场数值计算方法中,有限差分法是应用最早的一种方法.由于其具有概念清晰,方法简单、直观等特点,在电磁场数值分析领域内得到了广泛应用.基于差分法建立了静电除尘器的粒子输送模型. 相似文献
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采用巨正则蒙特卡罗方法模拟了CO_2在FAU分子筛上的吸附情况,比较了不同CO_2逸度下,CO_2在分子筛模型上的吸附位、吸附量的变化,拟合了其吸附等温线。结果表明:在吸附饱和状态下,分子筛的孔结构越大,对CO_2的吸附量越大,对于比CO_2分子更小的微孔结构,吸附几乎不发生;在低逸度下,CO_2的吸附主要发生在小孔内,随着逸度的提高,CO_2的吸附量迅速上升;在高逸度下,吸附量的提高主要发生在大孔内;FAU分子筛吸附CO_2的过程符合Ⅰ型Langmuir吸附等温线,在高压下对CO_2的吸附能力远大于低压下的吸附能力。 相似文献
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王震 《再生资源与循环经济》2012,5(8):31-33,44
对生活垃圾处置计划管理政策的意义、生活垃圾处置计划指标测算模型建立的意义和作用进行分析,对建立模型的因素、计算公式、计算流程等进行详细说明,并对3个典型区县的实际情况进行了计算和分析,总结了模型存在的问题和完善方向。 相似文献
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根据某工程电除尘器钢架特点,利用ANSYS建立钢架有限元模型,分析了钢架在不同工况下的应力分布及变形情况,结果表明,应用ANSYS建立的钢架模型和计算方法合理,计算结果比较可靠,该方法与结果可为类似工程所借鉴. 相似文献
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动用多指标综合排序的双基点法,建立了环境治理工程评标的数学模型。应用实例表明,该模型可以为环境治理工程评标提供客观、合理的方法。 相似文献
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This article provides an overview of a dynamic methodology leading to the estimation of the level of mercury concentration in soil and soil cleanup volumes associated with a large number of gate stations suspected of having mercury in their soil. The methodology uses a unique screening approach that has been developed for relating measurements of volatile mercury near the surface to mercury concentration in the upper soil subsurface (about twelve inches deep). The screening approach was used in an effort to reduce the number of sites that are subject to extensive multimedia environmental sampling and analysis. The approach helps to focus on a small number of sites that are suspected of having the highest mercury concentration in soil, perform multimedia environmental sampling at these sites, use the field data to perform risk assessment, and determine the cleanup action levels and the volume of hot spots soil to be cleaned at these sites. The information obtained for the most contaminated sites is used to determine, if required, the level of cleanup for less contaminated sites. 相似文献
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J. N. Yesuf B. A. DeVantier L. R. Chevalier 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2008,8(3-4):387-393
Aqueous phase adsorption of three textile dyes onto a granular activated carbon produced from acid activation of almond shells
is presented. Primarily, the sorption of three basic dyes, methylene blue, rhodamine b, and malachite green oxalate were studied.
Four models, the Freundlich, the Langmuir, the Redlich-Peterson, and the Toth isotherms were compared for their quality of
fit to the single-solute sorption data. Next, sorption of the three likely binary systems was examined. Four bi-solute models,
the extended Langmuir with and without an interaction term, the extended Redlich-Peterson with an interaction term, and the
empirical extended Freundlich model were used to predict sorption in the binary systems. Nonlinearly determined constants
of the corresponding single-solute isotherms were used in the binary models to compare with experimental binary sorption data.
For the single-solute system, the three-parameter models of the Redlich-Peterson and the Toth isotherms outperformed the Langmuir
and Freundlich models. The empirical extended Freundlich model produced the closest comparison to the binary data in each
system. In general, the nonlinear method provided a simple and computationally effective technique of producing optimal fitting
parameters for the bi-solute sorption models. 相似文献
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Athanasios C. Karmperis Konstantinos Aravossis Ilias P. Tatsiopoulos Anastasios Sotirchos 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2013,33(5):1290-1301
This paper surveys decision support models that are commonly used in the solid waste management area. Most models are mainly developed within three decision support frameworks, which are the life-cycle assessment, the cost–benefit analysis and the multi-criteria decision-making. These frameworks are reviewed and their strengths and weaknesses as well as their critical issues are analyzed, while their possible combinations and extensions are also discussed. Furthermore, the paper presents how cooperative and non-cooperative game-theoretic approaches can be used for the purpose of modeling and analyzing decision-making in situations with multiple stakeholders. Specifically, since a waste management model is sustainable when considering not only environmental and economic but also social aspects, the waste management bargaining game is introduced as a specific decision support framework in which future models can be developed. 相似文献
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Modelling the aerobic degradation of organic wastes based on slowly and rapidly degradable fractions
Several organic wastes of major production in the world (municipal solid wastes, wastewater sludge, manures and bulking agents) and some already treated organic wastes have been investigated to determine the partition among the several fractions that compose them and their kinetics of biodegradation. Different literature models have been explored for their suitability to predict the behaviour in respiration studies of these wastes. All the models presented limitations related to their simplicity or their excessive complexity, which makes them unsuitable for reliable and fast studies at real scale. A new model based on the rapid, the slowly and the inert organic fractions has been tested for all the wastes, showing excellent correlations with actual respiration activity. Finally, the kinetic parameters for this model in its application to all the wastes studied are presented. 相似文献
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The type and amount of indoor air pollutants affects the comfort and quality of indoor environments. Therefore, indoor air
quality is an important issue with different social, economic, and health aspects because people in developing countries spend
most of their time indoors being exposed to different kinds of indoor pollutants. The indoor air quality can be assessed empirically
by measuring the pollutant concentrations or can be predicted by means of mathematical models. An indoor aerosol model describes
the dynamic behavior of indoor air pollutants. The basic concept of indoor air models is the mass-balance-conservation where
several factors that govern the indoor particle concentrations can be described. These factors may include direct emissions
from indoor sources, outdoor aerosol particles penetrating indoors as a result of the ventilation and filtration processes,
deposition onto indoor surfaces, and removal from indoor air by means of ventilation. Here we present principles of indoor
aerosol models and we also give examples of different kind of models. 相似文献
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In situ remediation represents a series of challenges in interpreting the monitoring data on remedial progress. Among these challenges are problems in determining the progress of the remediation and the mechanisms responsible, so that the process can be optimized. The release of organic pollutants to groundwater systems and in situ remediation technologies alter the groundwater chemistry, but outside of natural attenuation studies using inorganic chemical analyses as indicators of intrinsic biodegradation, typically little attention has been paid to the changes in inorganic groundwater chemistry. Smith (2008) noted that during an electrical resistance heating remediation that took place at a confidential site in Chicago, a two‐orders‐of‐magnitude increase in chloride concentrations occurred during the remediation. This increase in chloride resulted in a corresponding increase in calcium as a result of what is known as the common ion effect. Carbon dioxide is the gas found in highest concentrations in natural groundwater (Stumm & Morgan, 1981), and its fugacity (partial pressure) corresponds directly with calcium concentrations. Carbon dioxide at supersaturation in groundwater is capable of dissolving organic compounds, such as trichloroethene, facilitating removal of nonaqueous‐phase liquids at temperatures below the boiling point of water. One means of diagnosing these reactions is through the use of compound‐specific isotopic analysis, which is capable of distinguishing between evaporation, biodegradation, and differences in sources. The appropriate diagnosis has the potential to optimize the benefits from these reactions, lower energy costs for removal of nonaqueous‐phase liquids, and direct treatment where it is needed most. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
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The Millville Remediation Program recently received the 1995 Honor Award for national excellence in environmental engineering from the prestigious American Academy of Environmental Engineers (AAEE). This article discusses various aspects employed to investigate and remediate multimedia contamination at the site and the unique applications of technologies which were responsible for receiving the AAEE honor award. Unique aspects of the project included utilization of variable speed drives to set individual pumping rates for each groundwater recovery well, development of sophisticated remote monitoring and operation capabilities which minimized O&M labor costs, and development of a groundwater treatment system which has consistently achieved nondetect effluent discharges. The remote monitoring and operation capabilities enables O&M staff to monitor and change setpoints for the groundwater recovery, treatment, and recharge systems. 相似文献
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Rita Puig Pere Fullana-i-Palmer Grau Baquero Jordi-Roger Riba Alba Bala 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2013,33(12):2789-2797
Life cycle thinking is a good approach to be used for environmental decision-support, although the complexity of the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) studies sometimes prevents their wide use. The purpose of this paper is to show how LCA methodology can be simplified to be more useful for certain applications.In order to improve waste management in Catalonia (Spain), a Cumulative Energy Demand indicator (LCA-based) has been used to obtain four mathematical models to help the government in the decision of preventing or allowing a specific waste from going out of the borders. The conceptual equations and all the subsequent developments and assumptions made to obtain the simplified models are presented.One of the four models is discussed in detail, presenting the final simplified equation to be subsequently used by the government in decision making.The resulting model has been found to be scientifically robust, simple to implement and, above all, fulfilling its purpose: the limitation of waste transport out of Catalonia unless the waste recovery operations are significantly better and justify this transport. 相似文献