电网建设项目环保管理信息系统的开发与应用

针对目前电网建设项目环境保护工作管理现状，利用可视化面向对象开发技术和图形化组态的概念构建出一个图形导航、树状导航相结合的环境保护工作管理信息系统软件。系统分为电网建设项目环境保护工作基础数据管理——项目管理、电网建设项目环境保护工作管理文件查询——项目环保文件查询和国家环境保护法律和法规等文件查询、常用文件管理四部分。应用结果证明，该系统基本满足了当前电网建设项目环境保护工作管理及信息化的要求，为电网建设项目环境保护工作管理提供了更加准确、便利的工具。     

《国际化学品安全卡网络查询系统》研究通过专家鉴定

由中国石化集团北京化工研究院开发的《国际化学品安全卡 (中文版 )网络查询系统》已于 2 0 0 2年 4月 12日通过了国家安全生产监督管理局主持的科技成果鉴定。国际化学品安全卡 (ＩＣＳＣ)是联合国国际化学品安全规划署 (ＩＰＣＳ)编辑的一套权威性化学品安全信息卡片 ,扼要地介绍了 2 0 0 0多种危险化学品的理化性质、接触危害、爆炸预防、急救 /消防、储存、泄漏处置、包装与标志和环境数据等。目前 ,英文版卡片已被世界各国翻译成十几种文字。美国、日本、德国、法国等国还在因特网上建立了 8种语言文字的ＩＣＳＣ网络查询系统 ,极大地…     

《国际化学品安全卡（中文版）网络查询系统》全面改版

由中国石化集团北京化工研究院环保所和计算中心研究建立的《国际化学品安全卡(中文版)网络查询系统》最近完成了2004年度的更新改版工作。这次更新改版是根据2004年4月联合国国际化学品安全规划署(IPCS)在匈牙利召开的国际化学品安全卡翻译工作会议要求完成的。     

北京规范再生资源回收行业

正北京市商务委近日发布了首个《北京再生资源回收行业标准规范》(以下简称规范)。规范提出,城区每1 000~1 500户居民设置一个回收点,乡镇每2 000户居民设置一个回收点,同一系统回收点应统一标识、统一着装、统一价格等。北京市将对企业进行等级评定,并向符合标准的回收站点发放等级标牌,市民可通过网络查询附近回收点的等级情况。     

正压气力除灰系统管道的设计及工程应用

正压气力除灰系统的管道设计原则是按照现场条件、系统布置来确定管长，综合考虑系统运行能耗和管道的造价来确定管径，以物料启动速度、输出管道速度为边界条件来确定变径点。以内蒙古某电厂为例，给出了具体设计计算方法和计算结果，为管道设计的工程应用提供了依据。     

干式洗涤系统在化工环保中的应用

文中介绍了使用于化工厂废弃物焚烧炉烟道气处理的干式洗涤系统,讨论了该系统的主要部件和设计参数,并对干式洗涤系统的投资和运行费用与传统的湿式系统进行了比较。     

烟气循环流化床脱硫工艺辅助设计系统的研制

介绍了烟气循环流化床脱硫工艺辅助设计系统的设计思想、原理、结构、功能和特点，以及设计开发中的技术问题。     

旋流板塔脱硫除尘系统结构性能的中试研究

利用实验室建立的旋流板塔脱硫除尘中试系统开展了各种结构参数对系统阻力损失的影响研究，为系统的放大设计提供了实验依据。     

电除尘器控制数学模式的探讨

本文将电除尘过程作为一个系统,从控制理论角度出发,分析了电除尘过程的动态特性,导出了系统传递函数,为控制系统的设计提供了数学基础。     

徐州电厂正压浓相气力输灰系统

详细介绍了徐州发电厂5号炉正压浓相气力输灰系统的结构及其特点。自该系统投运以来，运行情况良好。各项技术经济指标均达到了设计要求。     

Redesigning a collection system for "small" consumer electronics

This paper establishes that the collection system within the recycling scheme for consumer electronics in the Netherlands has not been entirely successful in convincing consumers to hand in their used appliances by means of dedicated collection routes. Particularly regarding small appliances, consumers are persisting in their habit of discarding their appliances by means of the refuse bag/bin for regular household waste. Therefore, the current collection system has been unable to direct consumer behavior in the desired direction. Consequently, the layout of the current system is reviewed and redesigned in order to tackle this problem. This design effort applies the Triad model (behavioral model) in the analysis stage and the Morphological Chart method (design tool) in the synthesis stage, and results in a concrete proposal for a new system. Finally, the applicability of this design approach beyond the specific circumstances of the case study presented in this paper is discussed. This case represents only one example of the broader, worldwide challenge to design appropriate collection systems to direct consumer behavior in desired directions. It is argued that the approach presented in this paper could be a valuable contribution to research dealing with this challenge.     

优化循环冷却水系统技术经济分析模型研究

应用系统分析方法以及最优化技术研究循环冷却水系统,分析了系统内部水量、水质等条件与系统运行费用之间的关系,运用技术经济的方法建立了循环冷却水的数学模型,通过判定最佳循环冷却水浓缩倍数确定系统的最优化结果,使循环冷却水系统的设计和运行管理更为科学合理.     

Transient design of landfill liquid addition systems

This study presents the development of design charts that can be used to estimate lateral and vertical spacing of liquids addition devices (e.g., vertical well, horizontal trenches) and the operating duration needed for transient operating conditions (conditions until steady-state operating conditions are achieved). These design charts should be used in conjunction with steady-state design charts published earlier by Jain et al., 2010a, Jain et al., 2010b. The data suggest that the liquids addition system operating time can be significantly reduced by utilizing moderately closer spacing between liquids addition devices than the spacing needed for steady-state conditions. These design charts can be used by designers to readily estimate achievable flow rate and lateral and vertical extents of the zone of impact from liquid addition devices, and analyze the sensitivity of various input variables (e.g., hydraulic conductivity, anisotropy, well radius, screen length) to the design. The applicability of the design charts, which are developed based on simulations of a continuously operated system, was also evaluated for the design of a system that would be operated intermittently (e.g., systems only operated during facility operating hours). The design charts somewhat underestimates the flow rate achieved and overestimates the lateral extent of the zone of impact over an operating duration for an intermittently operated system. The associated estimation errors would be smaller than the margin of errors associated with measurement of other key design inputs such as waste properties (e.g., hydraulic conductivity) and wider variation of these properties at a given site due to heterogeneous nature of waste.     

Combinations of Horizontal and Vertical Flow Constructed Wetlands to Improve Nitrogen Removal

Nitrogen removal in wetlands is achieved through two pathways: (a) N cycling and (b) storage. N cycling is a permanent removal pathway. There has been an increasing interest in the development of technologies to alleviate permanent nitrogen removal limitation in constructed wetlands by ensuring prevalence of conditions enhancing N cycling. The purpose of this study is to review an emerging technology of vegetated submerged bed constructed wetland system aimed at improving nitrogen removal in wetlands through rational system design. The design and performance of this system type is evaluated. The oxygen transfer capacity and nitrogen removal mechanisms on system performance are evaluated. Constructed wetland combinations most commonly consist of vertical flow (VF) and horizontal flow (HF) beds where VF and HF are aimed at nitrification and denitrification, respectively. Nitrate nitrogen accumulation is the most limiting factor in typical VF based systems.     

A decision support system for assessing landfill performance

Designing environmentally sound landfills is a challenging engineering task due to complex interactions of numerous design variables; such as landfill size, waste characteristics, and site hydrogeology. Decision support systems (DSS) can be utilized to handle these complex interactions and to aid in a performance-based landfill design by coupling system simulation models (SSM). The aim of this paper is to present a decision support system developed for a performance-based landfill design. The developed DSS is called Landfill Design Decision Support System – LFDSS. A two-step DSS framework, composed of preliminary design and detailed design phases, is set to effectively couple and run the SSMs and calculation modules. In preliminary design phase, preliminary design alternatives are proposed using general site data. In detailed design phase, proposed design alternatives are further simulated under site-specific data using SSMs for performance evaluation. LFDSS calculates the required landfill volume, performs landfill base contour design, proposes preliminary design alternatives based on general site conditions, evaluates the performance of the proposed designs, calculates the factor of safety values for slope stability analyses, and performs major cost calculations. The DSS evaluates the results of all landfill design alternatives, and determines whether the design satisfies the predefined performance criteria. The DSS ultimately enables comparisons among different landfill designs based on their performances (i.e. leachate head stability, and groundwater contamination), constructional stability and costs. The developed DSS was applied to a real site, and the results demonstrated the strengths of the developed system on designing environmentally sound and feasible landfills.     

PBA添加剂在湿法脱硫系统中的应用

当前火电厂燃煤硫分普遍超出设计值,吸收塔入口SO2浓度过大,同时环境保护要求越来越严格,火电厂烟气中SO2浓度很难达标排放,为此脱硫装置迫切需要进行提高脱硫效率的增容改造。针对上述情况,介绍了一种使用新型复合有机酸添加剂PBA来满足脱硫系统设计脱硫效率的解决方案,探讨了PBA添加剂工作原理及使用方法,并就其在节能降耗方面的应用实例进行了分析。     

Nitrogen removal from recycled landfill leachate by ex situ nitrification and in situ denitrification

A three-compartment system, comprising a landfill column with fresh municipal solid waste, a column with a well-decomposed refuse layer as methane producer, and a sequential batch reactor as ex situ nitrifying reactor, was employed to remove nitrogen from municipal solid waste leachate. Since food waste comprised a major portion of refuse collected in Shanghai, an intense hydrolysis reaction occurred and caused the rapid accumulation of ammonia nitrogen (NH(3)-N) and total organic carbon in the leachate. This paper discusses the role of the three mentioned units and the design and operation of the proposed system. With most NH(3)-N being converted to nitrite nitrogen (NO(2)(-)-N) or nitrate nitrogen (NO(3)(-)-N) by the nitrifying reactor, and with the well-decomposed refuse layer transforming most dissolved organic compounds to CO(2), carbonates and methane, it was found that the fresh refuse column could efficiently denitrify the hydrolyzed nitrogen to N(2) gas. The role of the three mentioned units and comments on the design and operation of the proposed system are also discussed.     

大型燃煤火电机组取消脱硫旁路烟道的应对措施

介绍了大型燃煤电厂烟气脱硫系统设计中取消脱硫烟气旁路烟道所采取的针对性措施，为大型燃煤火电机组无旁路设计提供借鉴。     

Field trial of a new aeration system for enhancing biodegradation in a biopile

The influence of a new aeration system on the biopile performance was investigated. The purpose was to increase biodegradation efficiency by optimising airflow through the pile. During a 1-month field trial, the performance of a new system using two perforated vertical pipes with wind-driven turbines was compared with that of a standard pile configuration with two horizontal perforated pipes. Both piles were composed of a similar mix of diesel-contaminated soils, woodchips, compost and NPK fertiliser. Hydrocarbons were recovered using solvent extraction, and determined both gravimetrically and by gas chromatography. Total heterotrophs, pH and moisture content were also assessed. Air pressure measurements were made to compare the efficiency of suction in the pipes. Results at the end of the experiment showed that there was no significant difference between the two piles in the total amount of hydrocarbon biodegradation. The normalised degradation rate was, however, considerably higher in the new system than in the standard one, suggesting that the vertical venting method may have improved the efficiency of the biological reactions in the pile. The pressure measurements showed a significant improvement in the suction produced by the new aeration system. However, many factors other than the airflow (oxygen supply) may influence and limit the biodegradation rates, including moisture content, age of contaminants and the climatic conditions. Additional experiments and modelling need to be carried out to explore further the new aeration method and to develop criteria and guidelines for engineering design of optimal aeration schemes in order to achieve maximum biodegradation in biopiles.     

Leachate injection using vertical wells in bioreactor landfills

Leachate recirculation or liquid injection in municipal solid waste landfills offers economic and environmental benefits. The key objective of this study was to carry out numerical evaluation of key design variables for leachate recirculation system consisting of vertical wells. In order to achieve the objective, numerical modeling was carried out using the finite-element model HYDRUS-2D. The following design parameters were evaluated by simulating liquid pressure head on the liner and the wetted width of the waste under steady-state flow conditions: (1) hydraulic conductivities of the waste and vertical well backfill; (2) liquid injection rate and dosing frequency; (3) well diameter, screen height and screen depth; and (4) hydraulic conductivity of the leachate collection system, slope of the leachate collection system and spacing of the leachate collection pipes. The key findings of this study are as follows. The well diameter, hydraulic conductivity of the well drainage pack, and screen height and screen depth of the well have very little effect on the wetted width for a given liquid flux. The wetted width and the injection pressure for a given liquid flux decrease with the increase in the hydraulic conductivity of the waste. The pressure head on the liner increases with the decrease in the vertical distance between the bottom of the well screen and the top of leachate collection system. The liquid injection flux increases with the decrease in hydraulic conductivity of the leachate collection system. Unlike sand (k approximately 10(-4)m/s), pea gravel (k approximately 0.01 m/s) resulted in less than 0.3m pressure head on the liner for all simulations carried out in this study.