专利资讯

专利名称：回收聚氨酯硬泡混凝土复合自保温砌块 专利申请号：CN201320448711．6 公开号：CN203412175U 申请日：2013．07．26 公开日：2014．01．29 申请人：江苏绿源新材料有限公司 本实用新型公开了一种回收聚氨酯硬泡混凝土复合自保温砌块，包括砌块体，砌块体上设置三排平行的矩形盲孔，中间一排盲孔中充填聚氨酯泡沫。本实用新型结构合理，利用废旧PU颗粒作为轻骨料而制成自保温砌块，具有密度低、导热系数小、隔声、抗震、造价低廉等优点，是一种经济效益和社会效益都很高的保温材料。     

废旧电冰箱聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料回收处理技木研究

从废旧电冰箱聚氨酯硬泡塑料的回收、处理、资源化等方面阐述了国内外的研究技术现状.近年来我国电冰箱报废量剧增,聚氨酯硬泡塑料是电冰箱最主要的塑料品种,具有资源性和环境污染的双重特性.从循环经济和清洁生产的理念出发,提出我国进行废旧电冰箱聚氨酯硬泡塑料的回收处理处置,有利于促进我国可持续发展和建设“美丽中国”.     

电子废弃物回收利用领域技术开发难点问题探讨

电子废弃物的资源化、减量化和无害化问题正日益受到人们的关注和重视。废弃电子线路板、硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料、CRT显像管物料的回收利用已成为废旧电子产品处置中的三大难题。结合承担国家和省相关项目的进展，根据中国国情，提出了资源化、无害化处置上述三类电子废弃物的技术方案。     

聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料无害化环保再生技术研究

聚苯乙烯(PS)泡沫塑料的回收再生主要是采取熔融挤出造粒的生产工艺,在加工过程中塑料易发生受热降解,大大降低了塑料的使用性能和利用价值。在聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料的回收生产中加入自主创新研发的一种分子量调节剂,可以修复断裂的塑料分子链,最大限度恢复再生塑料的性能,回收的再生聚苯乙烯粒子可替代新料作为建筑保温XPS板、仿木装饰板(线)材、橡胶改性等行业的原料,和新料相比,本创新产品具有极高的性价比优势。     

废氨纶短纤维/废聚氨酯/丁腈橡胶复合材料的性能研究

对废氨纶短纤维/废聚氨酯(PU)/丁腈橡胶(NBR)复合材料的性能进行研究,探讨了废氨纶短纤维含量、废PU含量和两种低聚物对NBR胶复合材料的性能影响。结果表明,废氨纶短纤维含量在20份左右,材料的综合性能最佳;废PU能改善废氨纶短纤维/NBR胶的综合性能;两种低聚物均能明显改善复合材料的物理机械性能,酚醛树脂的改善效果较好。     

磁性活性炭催化臭氧氧化降解水中甲基橙

通过浸渍法制备了钕铁硼磁性活性炭(Nd Fe B/AC),采用SEM和VSM技术对其进行了表征,并将其作为非均相催化剂用于臭氧氧化降解水中甲基橙(MO)。表征结果显示:Nd Fe B/AC具有硬磁特性;当m(Nd Fe B)∶m(AC)=1∶2时,其比饱和磁化强度和比剩余磁化强度分别为15.9 A·m2/kg和6.0 A·m2/kg,矫顽力可达104.5k A/m。实验结果表明:在Nd Fe B/AC投加量为3.0 g/L、初始溶液p H为5.0、初始MO质量浓度为20 mg/L、臭氧质量浓度为15.0 mg/L、室温的条件下反应40 min,MO降解率达93.9%,显著优于投加AC的64.4%;AC和Nd Fe B/AC催化臭氧氧化降解MO的反应过程均遵循一级动力学规律,且Nd Fe B/AC的反应速率常数为AC的近3倍。     

无皂乳液聚合改性废聚苯乙烯

以聚(甲基丙烯酸丁酯—丙烯酸钠)(P (BMA- AANa))为乳化剂,采用无皂乳液聚合技术,利用BMA对废聚苯乙烯(PS)泡沫塑料进行接枝改性.实验得出适宜的工艺条件:P(BMA - AANa)质量分数为51.5％,m(BMA)∶m(丙烯酸)=4∶6,PS和BMA质量分数之和为10.0％；m(PS)∶m(BMA) =...     

脱硝性能V2O5-WO3-CeO2/TiO2催化剂的制备及其

采用一步浸渍法和分步浸渍法分别制备了V_2O_5-WO_3-CeO_2/TiO_2催化剂,考查了其脱硝性能、抗SO_2中毒性能和脱硝活性稳定性,并通过SEM、EDS、XRD、激光拉曼等技术对催化剂进行了表征。实验结果表明:分步浸渍法制备的催化剂的脱硝活性优于一步浸渍法,且抗SO_2中毒能力更强;在m(V_2O_5)∶m(WO_3)∶m(CeO_2)∶m(TiO_2)=1∶5∶10∶100时催化剂脱硝活性最佳,且具有良好的脱硝活性稳定性。表征结果显示,分步浸渍法与一步浸渍法制备的催化剂晶型结构相差不大,而分步浸渍法制备的催化剂颗粒粒径更小、更均匀,催化剂中Ce、O、V和W元素的含量更高。     

活性碳纤维负载纳米TiO_2光催化材料的制备

采用浸渍液中添加环氧树脂黏结剂并高温热处理的方法,制备出活性碳纤维(ACF)负载纳米TiO2光催化材料。对光催化材料的表面形貌和TiO2晶相进行了表征,发现所制备的光催化材料很好地保持了m(锐钛矿型)∶m(金红石型)为79∶21的混晶结构。评价了光催化材料对亚甲基蓝溶液的光催化降解性能。结果表明,当浸渍液中黏结剂质量浓度为5g/L时,ACF负载纳米TiO2光催化材料失重率较低,表明TiO2的负载强度较高。浸渍液中黏结剂质量浓度为15g/L时,ACF上TiO2负载率最高,为65%。当浸渍液中黏结剂质量浓度为25g/L时,ACF负载纳米TiO2光催化材料对亚甲基蓝的降解率最高,反应120min时,亚甲基蓝降解率均接近100%。     

Preparation of Cationic Asphalt Emulsifier from Cyclohexanone Wastewater

以环己酮生产废水(以下简称废水)为溶剂,以木质素、三乙烯四胺及甲醛为原料,通过Mannich反应制备了阳离子沥青乳化剂木质素胺.实验结果表明,制备木质素胺的最佳工艺条件为:反应温度85℃,反应时间5h,n(甲醛)∶n(三乙烯四胺)=3.0.经FTIR表征,以废水为溶剂和以去离子水为溶剂所制备的木质素胺结构相同.以实验制备的木质素胺为乳化剂制成的乳化沥青的性能指标达到JTG E20-2011《公路工程沥青及沥青混合料试验规程》的指标.     

Effects of Wood Fiber and Microclay on the Performance of Soy Based Polyurethane Foams

Various polyurethane (PU) foams were prepared by in situ reaction of isocyanate and soy-based polyol. The effects of wood fiber and microclay on the foam morphologies, mechanical properties and thermal behaviors of PU foams were investigated. NCO index had fundamental impacts on the influences of wood fiber and microclay on the performance of PU foams. The reinforcement behavior of flexible foams was different to that of both semi-rigid and rigid foams. Both fiber and microclay improved the compressive strength at a high NCO index of 140–250, and contributed to relative high decomposition temperatures. Unlike the compressive strength, the tensile strength was decreased due to the amount of hard polyurea formation from secondary reactions at the highest NCO level. In addition, wood fiber had different reinforcement mechanism from microclay. Wood fiber desired to form chemical bonds during foaming while microclay had potential to form physical insertions. This difference was expressed by the change of their thermal degradation temperature.     

Development of Lignin and Nanocellulose Enhanced Bio PU Foams for Automotive Parts

The green rigid polyurethane (PU) foam has been developed with 100 % soy polyol after optimization of formulation ingredients and lignin has been introduced and isocyanate content reduced in the green rigid PU foam. The cellulosic nanofibers have also been successfully incorporated and dispersed in green rigid PU foam to improve the rigidity. The influence of nano cellulose fiber modification (enzymatic treatment, hydrophobic modification with latex) on the foam density, open cell content, foam raise height, water vapor, and mechanical properties of rigid PU foam were studied. The foamed structures were examined using scanning electron microscopy to determine the cell size and shape due to the addition of cellulosic nanofibers. The odor test were performed to evaluate the odor concentration 100 % soyol based PU foam including lignin and nanofiber and compared to 100 % synthetic based polyol PU foam. The experimental results indicated that the compression and impact properties improved due to the modification of nano cellulosic fibers. The odor concentration level of nanofiber reinforced rigid PU foam reduced significantly compared to 100 % PU foam due to the replacing of isocyanate content. It can be said that with an appropriate combination of replacing isocyanate by lignin and addition of nanofiber, rigid PU foam properties could be improved.     

强酸性硫化砷废渣的稳定固化

采用污泥、石灰、氧化镁和水泥等药剂稳定固化强酸性硫化砷废渣(简称砷渣)。以浸出液中砷的质量浓度为考核指标,采用正交实验考察了稳定化药剂加入量对废渣浸出毒性的影响。实验结果表明:污泥加入量是影响废渣浸出毒性的最主要因素;在m(污泥):m(砷渣)=2.0、m(石灰):m(砷渣)=1.0、m(氧化镁):m(砷渣)=0.10、m(水泥):m(砷渣)=0.3的最佳实验条件下,砷的浸出质量浓度由1780.00 mg/L降至1.37 mg/L,低于GB 18598—2001《危险废物填埋污染控制标准》中砷浸出质量浓度为2.5 mg/L的填埋限值;处理后废渣中其他金属的浸出质量浓度也低于标准限值。     

阴极射线管锥玻璃碱性浸出渣制备泡沫玻璃

以废弃的阴极射线管锥玻璃碱性浸出渣及屏玻璃混合粉末为原料烧制泡沫玻璃。考察了发泡温度、屏玻璃加入量、发泡剂种类、发泡剂加入量、稳泡剂添加量对所制备的泡沫玻璃密度及抗压强度的影响。实验结果表明：在发泡温度800 ℃、屏玻璃加入量50%（w）、稳泡剂硼酸加入量5%（以锥玻璃碱性浸出渣及屏玻璃粉末总质量为基准,下同）、发泡剂SiC加入量15%最佳条件下烧制的泡沫玻璃密度达417 kg/m³,抗压强度达1.09 MPa,可满足建筑用泡沫玻璃的Ⅳ型物理性能指标。本实验烧制的泡沫玻璃的Pb浸出量为1.27 mg/L,Ba浸出量为0.06 mg/L,均满足固体废物的浸出毒性标准。     

Structure,Mechanical, Thermal and Fire Behavior Assessments of Environmentally Friendly Crude Glycerol-Based Rigid Polyisocyanurate Foams

In this work, rigid polyisocyanurate foams were prepared at partial substitution (0–70 wt%) of commercially available petrochemical polyol, with previously synthesized biopolyol based on crude glycerol and castor oil. Influence of the biopolyol content on morphology, chemical structure, static and dynamic mechanical properties, thermal insulation properties, thermal stability and flammability was investigated. Incorporation of 35 wt% of crude glycerol-based polyol had reduced average cell size by more than 30% and slightly increased closed cell content, simultaneously reducing thermal conductivity coefficient of foam by 12% and inhibiting their thermal aging. Applied modifications showed also positive impact on the mechanical performance of rigid foams. Increase of crosslink density resulted in enhancement of compressive strength by more than 100%. Incorporation of prepared biopolyol resulted in enhancement of thermal stability and changes in degradation pathway. Up to 35 wt% share of crude glycerol-based polyol, foams showed similar flammability as reference sample, which can be considered very beneficial from the environmental point of view.     

高氯离子、低COD废水中COD的测定

建立了适用于高氯离子、低COD废水中COD的重铬酸钾测定方法。分别采用甘油、二氯丙醇、β,β′-二氯异丙醚和氯化钙配制模拟高氯废水,考察了氧化剂重铬酸钾溶液浓度、掩蔽剂加入量(以m(HgSO_4)∶m(Cl~-)表示)对测定效果的影响。实验结果表明:以低浓度(0.05 mol/L)重铬酸钾溶液为氧化剂时,测定数据波动范围小,相对误差也低(-1.4%~+0.4%);对于高氯低COD废水的COD测定,当COD大于100 mg/L时按m(HgSO_4)∶m(Cl~-)=10∶1加入硫酸汞掩蔽剂,当COD小于100 mg/L时按m(HgSO_4)∶m(Cl~-)=20∶1加入硫酸汞掩蔽剂,并采用浓度为0.05 mol/L的重铬酸钾溶液作为氧化剂,能较好地消除氯离子对COD测定的干扰,相对误差在5%以内;将优化后的测定条件应用于实际环氧氯丙烷生产废水COD的测定,重现性良好,当m(HgSO_4)∶m(Cl-)分别为10∶1和20∶1时,相对误差分别为+3.3%和+2.9%,COD平均回收率分别为103.4%和102.9%。     

Novel Renewable Polyols Based on Limonene for Rigid Polyurethane Foams

Novel renewable polyols based on limonene were synthesized using thiol-ene “click” chemistry. These limonene based polyols were structurally characterized using wet methods (hydroxyl number, acid value and viscosity), gel permeation chromatography and spectroscopic methods. The results indicated that high yield of polyols from limonene based materials can be obtained using thiol-ene reaction. These limonene based polyols were used successfully for preparation of rigid polyurethane foams. These foams had regular shape cells and uniform cell size distribution. Thermal studies on these foams indicated that foams were thermally stable up to 250 °C. The glass transition temperature of the foams was higher than 200 °C. These rigid polyurethane foams had high compressive strength and the highest compressive strength of 195 kPa was observed. These foams have good physical–mechanical characteristics and could be suitable for all the applications of rigid polyurethane foams such as thermal insulation of freezers, storage tanks for the chemical and food industries, and packing materials for food industries.     

CdSe量子点的合成及其在重金属离子检测中的应用

以3-巯基丙酸（3-MPA）为修饰剂合成了水溶性CdSe量子点,优化了合成条件,并以其为荧光探针建立了水样中Pb²⁺和Hg²⁺的检测方法。实验结果表明：在n（Se）∶n（Cd²⁺）为1∶6、n（Se）∶n（NaBH₄）为1∶3、n（Cd²⁺）∶n（3-MPA）为1∶6、反应pH为11、回流温度为100 ℃、回流时间为60 min的优化条件下合成的量子点荧光性能较优;量子点的荧光猝灭强度与Pb²⁺或Hg²⁺的质量浓度呈良好的线性关系,线性范围分别为0.005~10 mg/L和0.001~1 mg/L,检出限分别为0.003 mg/L和0.001 mg/L,相对标准偏差分别为1.23%和1.29%,可应用于实际水样中Pb²⁺和Hg²⁺的检测。     

CeO2/TiO2纳米管催化剂脱硝性能研究

利用废气中本身含有的CO催化还原烟气中的NO_x,可以实现以废治废。采用TiO₂纳米管负载CeO₂,制备CeO₂/TiO₂纳米管催化剂,并对其进行了SEM表征及影响因素实验。实验结果表明：在n（Ce）∶n（Ti）=3∶7、焙烧温度500 ℃、焙烧时间3 h时制备的CeO₂/TiO₂纳米管催化剂形貌较好,表面颗粒分布相对均匀;反应温度400~600 ℃时NO脱除率达98%;该催化剂具有一定的抗氧性能;当n（SO₂）∶n（NO）=（1∶2）~（2∶1）时,NO脱除率仍然在95%以上。