液膜分离技术在废水处理中的应用

综述了液膜分离的原理及该技术在废水处理领域中的研究进展和应用实例,介绍了静电式准液膜,离子交换膜支撑液膜和乳状液膜包酶的液膜分离技术。     

膜生物反应器及其在工业废水处理中的应用

介绍了膜生物反应器的工艺流程、膜材料与膜组件形式、工艺特点及其在工业废水处理应用中对CDD、氮、磷及挥发性有机物的去除效果；分析了影响膜生物反应器废水处理效果的主要因素及对策；指出了膜生物反应器在工业废水处理方面具有广泛的应用前景。     

专利文摘

含铬废水处理方法；难生物降解有机废水处理方法及其装置；膜集成技术处理工业废水的方法；用于植物修复土壤的包膜式缓释络合剂及其制备方法；厌氧-缺氧-好氧-混凝沉淀废水处理方法。     

聚偏氟乙烯中空纤维疏水膜及其初步应用

使用聚偏氟乙烯中空纤维疏水膜，比较了三种膜蒸馏过程用于质量分数为3．5％的氯化钠溶液的脱盐效果。实验结果表明：真空膜蒸馏的通量最大，达到21．8kg／（m^2·h），其次为直接接触式膜蒸馏，气扫式膜蒸馏的通量最小；三种膜蒸馏过程的脱盐率均在99．99％以上；膜蒸馏通量随膜内径增加略有增加，与膜壁厚呈反比。真空膜蒸馏法可用于反渗透浓水的进一步处理，当反渗透浓水浓缩4倍时，原水电导率从5980μS／cm增加到22800μS／cm，膜蒸馏产水电导率保持在1．8～1．9μS／cm以内，脱盐率大于99．99％。     

Research Progress on Visible Light Response and Easy Recoverable TiO2 Photocatalyst

介绍了TiO2光催化技术在废水处理应用研究中取得的快速发展.针对TiO2在废水处理过程中出现的光生电子空穴易复合和难回收等问题,综述了通过对TiO2进行掺杂负载改性和形态的改性使其达到可见光响应功能的研究进展；综述了通过固载磁载等方法使TiO2达到可分离易回收功能的研究进展.对TiO2光催化技术在废水处理领域的未来研究方向进行了展望.     

低含磷废水处理方法研究进展

介绍了含磷废水中磷的主要形态；综述了吸附法、化学沉淀法、结晶法等低含磷废水处理技术的研究现状，以及各种超低磷废水处理方法所能达到的最低浓度；例举了几种已商业化应用的低磷废水处理技术的应用实例。     

高效菌处理难降解有机工业废水研究进展

总结了高效菌在造纸、印染、化丁、农药、制药等工业有机废水处理中的研究现状；认为大力开展和加强高效菌的选育和应用工艺研究，是生物强化技术领域今后的发展方向。     

微波技术在环境保护领域的应用

综述了当前微波技术在环境保护领域的应用和研究状况，着重介绍了微波技术在废气处理，废水处理，固体废弃物处理，环境监测等方面的应用，讨论了应用存在的一些问题，并展望了微波技术在环境保护领域的应用前景。     

膜材料应用于化工废水回用的思考

调查了使用膜材料的化工废水回用工程的若干案例后，总结了目前使用膜材料化工废水回用工程的经验和教训。为使化工废水回用目标顺利实现，应做到：要认认真真地做试验，要以试验为基础；按科学研究的规律，开发废水回用的全流程技术；明确职责，开好车，加强装置的日常操作管理；开发、使用有针对性的清洗约剂；充分利用废水处理的成熟技术。建议新建项目废水处理的目标应直接定在回用，而不是达到排放标准；膜材料、废水回用技术术语、使用标准等应规范化，制定、修订废水回用于锅炉补充水、循环冷却补充水、杂用水的水质标准。     

膜技术在水处理中的应用及膜材料研究进展

综述了膜技术在给水处理、废水处理和特殊行业水处理中的应用，介绍了近年来膜材料的研究进展：包括开发新型的膜材料和对现有的膜材料进行改性。新型膜材料有金属膜、有机一无机混合膜和新型有机膜等；几种最常用的膜材料改性方法有等离子体改性法、表现活性剂改性法、紫外辐照法、高分子合金法和表面化学反应法。     

超声波技术降解水中氯代有机物的研究进展

介绍了超声波技术的基本原理，概述了超声波和各种超声联用（超声波与紫外光、过氧化氢、臭氧、Fenton试剂等联用）技术降解氯代有机物的效果和影响因素，总结了氯代有机物降解机理与动力学的研究进展，并在此基础上提出了今后超声波及其联用技术降解水中氯代有机物的研究方向。     

Effects of cosolvency in the fate and transport of PCBs in soil

Under the purview of EPA's Remedial Engineering Management (REM III) Superfund contract, a CERCLA RI/FS was performed at the Pinettes Salvage Yard site located in Washburn, Maine (EPA Region I). The purpose of the RI/FS was to fully characterize the nature, extent, and fate and transport of PCB contamination resulting from an alleged surface spill of transformer dielectric fluid containing Arochlor 1260 (a polychlorinated biphenyl) and various volatile and semivolatile organic constituents. The RI/FS was performed subsequent to both an immediate removal action (IRA) and a deletion remedial investigation (DRI) performed by EPA contractors. Results of both efforts indicated that the site was unsuitable for deletion from the National Priorities List (NPL) because the site soils contained elevated levels of PCBs. This article presents a case history of the extensive field investigations performed to characterize the contaminant source and evaluate the fate and transport of PCBs in site soils. These investigations included on-site mobile laboratory gas chromatograph (GC) analytical techniques for PCBs and targeted volatile and semivolatile organic compounds; confirmatory Contact Laboratory Program (CLP) laboratory analyses of soils, sediments, surface water, and groundwater samples; statistical analyses and correlation of field mobile laboratory GC data with CLP laboratory analytical results; and an evaluation of the potential effects of cosolvency in the fate and transport of PCBs in subsurface soils.     

Variations in the Fluoride Level in Precipitation in a Region of Human Impact

The research concerns the Wielkopolski National Park (West Poland), which suffered a huge human impact in the 1970s and 1980s owing to the nearby location of an industrial plant. Since then, fundamental technological changes that it introduced into its production of phosphate fertilizers have radically reduced the amount of pollution emitted. A three-year study (2002–2004) of fluorides in precipitation in open terrain and under tree crowns showed their concentrations to range from levels below the detection limit (0.003 mg/l) to 0.560 mg/l. Those registered under tree crowns were several times higher and indicated substantial dry deposition of fluorides on the trees. The highest values were recorded in 2003, with 43% of samples ranging from 0.01 to 0.05 mg/l, and with 51% of throughfall ranging from 0.10 to 0.50 mg/l. A strong connection was shown to exist between fluoride and sulphate concentrations in the precipitation. An analysis was made of the available data on F concentrations in the air and the dust levels around the factory, but these figures did not show an unequivocal effect on F concentrations in precipitation. A great similarity was found to occur between the fluoride content in rainwater in the Wielkopolski National Park and in the centre of the nearby Poznań metropolitan area, which indicates that there are also other F sources besides the local factory.     

广州市推动再生资源回收利用行业转型的有效探索

广州市作为国家再生资源回收体系建设试点城市，在大力发展循环经济、推进再生资源回收利用网络体系建设方面进行了先行先试探索，取得了明显成效。“广州模式”对推进广东省加快转型升级具有启示借鉴意义。     

Field Intercomparison of Main Components in Air in EMEP

Within the European monitoring network (EMEP, ) several different sampling procedures for measuring the main air components have been applied. This has contributed to systematic concentration differences and a comparability problem. Since 1997 co-located experiments in 15 countries have been carried out to quantify these differences. In addition, three major measurement campaigns were organized by EMEP between 1985 and 1991. Differences among results depend on the concentration level and methods used. The decrease in SO₂ concentrations over the last twenty years has placed greater demands on the methodology. Absorbing solutions methods for SO₂, (H₂O₂ and tetrachloromercurate (TCM)) typically have higher detection limits than the reference method, which uses KOH impregnated filters. The TCM method also has problems with negative interference, especially in summertime. UV fluorescence monitors have in a few cases proven to give good results, but interferences, detection limit and poor maintenance can be problems. For NO₂, many countries are using the TGS absorption solution method, which has a higher detection limit than the reference method using NaI impregnated glass sinters. The Salzmann method gives unreliable results at concentrations below 1 μgN/m³, and even at higher concentrations the uncertainty is rather unsatisfactory. The chemiluminescence monitor with molybdenum converters tends to systematically overestimate NO₂ concentrations, possibly because zero-drift problems and the non-specific response to NO₂. Particulate sulphate measurements in general have lower bias and uncertainties than gas and other aerosol measurements.     

Assessment of the leaching of metallic elements in the technology of solidification in aqueous solution

Results are presented of experiments performed to optimize the solidification/stabilization system for metallic elements in aqueous solution. This system involves mixing cement and a solution of metallic elements in a conventional mixer: the paste thus obtained is transferred drop by drop into a recipient filled with an aqueous solution of NaOH at 20% by weight, in which it solidifies immediately. The separate use of chloride solutions of Li+, Cr3+, Pb2+ and Zn2+ makes it possible to obtain granules displaying various levels of compressive strength. Three different inertization matrices were used in the experiments, the first consisting solely of Portland cement, the second of Portland cement and a superplasticizer additive, and the third of Portland cement partially replaced with silica-fume and superplasticizer. The results of the tests performed showed a very low level of leaching into the alkaline solidification solution for Cr3+, the quantity leached being under 2% as against higher levels for the other metallic elements. For all the considered elements, the best results were obtained by using silica-fume in the inertization matrix.     

我国大气铅浓度水平与污染源排放特征

总结和评价了我国大气铅浓度水平、大气铅污染源的主要类型和排放特征,对今后我国大气铅污染发展趋势进行了说明.汽油无铅化以后,我国城市大气环境中的铅浓度有所下降,一般不超过国家标准的限值,但农村地区大气铅污染状况应引起高度重视.涉铅工业排放、燃煤排放和汽车尾气是大气铅污染的主要来源.我国大气铅污染源涉及行业和部门庞杂,伴随着铅产品的整个生命周期.     

我国电子垃圾回收存在的问题与解决途径

介绍了我国电子垃圾回收利用存在的问题与现状、国外可供借鉴的经验，以及电子垃圾分类情况，最后提出我国电子垃圾再生利用的产业化发展方向。     

Migration of radionuclides in porous rock in the presence of colloids: effects of kinetic interactions

This work investigates the colloid-facilitated migration of radionuclides with radioactive decay in porous media. The sorption processes for radionuclides with both the solid matrix and colloids are treated as equilibrium or nonequilibrium. An analytical solution is obtained from a simplified linear equilibrium interaction mechanism. In addition, the adsorption processes for radionuclides with colloids and porous rock can be assumed as nonequilibrium and modeled by the linear kinetic adsorption. The numerical method is employed to solve the coupled colloid and radionuclide transport equations under nonequilibrium sorption assumption. Moreover, the reaction rates of the adsorption processes for radionuclides with the solid matrix and colloids affect the transport characteristics of radionuclides. The fast reaction rate of radionuclides with colloids causes a higher concentration of radionuclides adsorbed on colloids in a dispersed phase and enlarges acceleration caused by colloids. However, the fast reaction rate for radionuclides with solid matrix increases the retardation effect caused by the solid matrix. This work developed a predictive model for the transport of colloid-facilitated radionuclides in porous medium and to assess the importance of various phenomenological coefficients, particularly parameters for the adsorption interactions.     

撞击流技术在环保领域的应用研究进展

撞击流作为一种过程强化技术,其优势在于能够显著强化相间传递和微观混合,可应用于环保工艺、设备中,以达到提高污染物去除效率的目的。本文在简述撞击流基本原理和特性的基础上,详细阐述了国内外撞击流技术在细颗粒物(PM2.5)脱除、烟气脱硫脱硝、废水处理、废气吸收等方面的应用现状,分析了该技术的应用效果和优势,同时介绍了一种可用于废水处理的新型双组分层式撞击流反应器。最后指出,深入探究撞击流复杂体系的机理以及耦合其他新型技术是未来研究的主要方向。