旋转填充床分离沼气中的CO_2

以水为吸收液,采用旋转填充床分离微生物厌氧发酵沼气中的CO_2,考察了工艺条件对CO_2吸收效果的影响。实验结果表明:进液量越大、气液比越小、进口CO_2体积分数越小、操作压力越大、进液温度越低则CO_2的吸收效果越好,而床转速以适中为宜;在进液量60 L/h、气液比3.3、床转速1 000 r/min、进口CO_2体积分数40%、操作压力1.2 MPa、进液温度5℃的条件下,CO_2吸收率为57.4%,提纯后气体的CO_2体积分数为17%。     

转盘式光催化燃料电池处理染料废水

采用阳极氧化法制备转盘式TiO_2阳极,设计并开发了转盘式光催化燃料电池(PFC),探讨了圆盘转速对PFC中染料降解效果的影响。实验结果表明:随着圆盘转速的提高,污染物和光电界面反应产物的传质作用得以强化,罗丹明B降解率提高;在圆盘转速为1 600 r/min、反应时间为60 min的条件下,罗丹明B降解率达90.8%,是圆盘转速为0 r/min时的8.5倍;光电流也随着圆盘转速的提高而提高,但提高幅度远小于罗丹明B降解率的提高幅度;同时,加强传质作用后再外加电压对PFC催化降解性能的提高作用有限。     

螺杆组合及工艺条件对玻纤增强回收PP性能的影响

采用熔融挤出的方法制备了玻璃纤维增强废旧聚丙烯(RPP)复合材料(GF/RPP),研究了不同挤出温度、螺杆转速、螺杆组合等工艺参数对玻纤增强再生聚丙烯材料性能的影响.结果表明:随着加工温度的上升,材料的拉伸强度和弯曲强度都是先增大后减小,随着螺杆转速的增加,玻纤的保留长度逐渐降低,材料的拉伸强度先增大后减小,在转速超过...     

高浓度悬浮液的混凝实验及机理研究

进行了高浓度悬浮液的混凝实验研究。为研究混合阶段渐变剪切速率对混凝沉降效果的影响，在混合阶段分别采用固定搅拌转速和渐变搅拌转速进行实验。在混合阶段采用固定搅拌转速，当搅拌转速为210r/min时，絮体二维分形维数最高为1.8847，悬浮液浊度最低为118NTU。采用渐变搅拌转速的方法，由210r/min开始逐渐降低搅拌转速，絮体二维分形维数最大，为1.9205，处理后悬浮液浊度最小，为107NTU。在一般混凝沉降过程的规律及模型的基础上，提出了高浓度悬浮液混凝沉降过程的物理模型。     

灰色摆动序列的GM（1,1）拟合建模法及其应用

建立了灰色摆动序列ＧＭ（１,１）动态指数变换拟合建模方法,对某地工业固体废物产生量的预测结果表明,该法合理有效,切实可行,并有良好的精度。     

电化学转盘法处理活性艳红X-3B废水

采用电化学转盘法处理模拟活性艳红X-3B染料废水，考察了电解槽电压、电化学转盘转速、废水pH、电解时间、电导率等因素对废水色度、总有机碳（TOC）去除率的影响。在废水pH为6、电解槽电压17V、电化学转盘转速70r／min、电导率1500μs／cm、电解时间60min的条件下，废水色度和TOC去除率分别达98．2％和57．2％。通过对活性艳红X-3B紫外-可见吸收光谱的分析，探讨了活性艳红X-3B的降解机理。     

节能与环保专栏 案例1 变频调速装置在风机、水泵中的应用

案例研究目的通过对实际项目的研究 ,着重从理论和应用、市场潜力及经济效益等方面分析采用变频调速装置控制风机、水泵的可行性和必要性。案例分析概述丽都动力中心成立于 1986年 ,在满足给丽都酒店供能的同时 ,还为附近其他几家单位供能。该中心的锅炉系统有 3台 2 0ｔ/ｈ蒸汽锅炉 ,其辅机系统包括 :3台 75ｋＷ引风机、3台 55ｋＷ鼓风机、1台 2 2 .5ｋＷ给水泵、1台 7.5ｋＷ冷凝水泵及 1台 2 2ｋＷ冲渣泵等共 9台 ,总功率为 4 4 2ｋＷ。由于季节、气候等因素的影响 ,要求锅炉系统提供变化的蒸汽量 ,因此其辅机系统也要提供与之匹配、变化…     

锌粉对聚氯乙烯的机械化学还原脱氯

以锌粉为还原剂进行了聚氯乙烯（PVC）的机械化学还原脱氯（简称脱氯）探索研究，考察了球磨转速、球料比（磨球与试样的质量比）、锌粉与PVC质量比等对脱氯率的影响，并对脱氯产物进行了X射线衍射、红外光谱等分析。实验结果表明，最佳工艺条件为球料比33、球磨转速528r／min、锌粉与PVC质量比9；产物中未形成结晶性氯化锌，且锌粉被氧化成ZnO；行星球磨比搅拌球磨对PVC的脱氯效果好，球磨时间超过3h，PVC的脱氯率可接近100％。     

壳聚糖的絮凝性能及其在废水脱色处理中的应用

介绍了壳聚糖的理化性质及其作为絮凝剂的优点,探讨了壳聚糖的絮凝机理,分析了壳聚糖絮凝效果的影响因素(包括废水p H、絮凝温度、搅拌转速及时间、壳聚糖投加量、壳聚糖脱乙酰度及相对分子质量、废水浊度),总结了壳聚糖改性和复合后在废水脱色处理中的应用。指出:未来还需更深入地研究絮凝机理,同时也需进一步研究影响絮凝效果的因素;新型壳聚糖絮凝剂将向更高效、成本更低且环境友好的方向发展。     

阳膜电解法处理含镍废水

采用阳膜电解法处理低浓度含镍废水。考察了电解质种类及其加入量、电解电流、电流密度、搅拌转速、电解温度和电解时间等对电解效果的影响。实验结果表明,在电解质NaCl加入量为2.5 g/L、电解电流为0.10A、电流密度为150 A/m~2、搅拌转速为800 r/min、电解温度为35℃、电解时间为8 h的最佳条件下,处理Ni2+质量浓度为2 g/L的含镍废水,镍析出率达到95.16%,电流效率为86.87%,单位质量能耗为5 254 k W·h/t。     

旋流萃取分离技术处理石化电脱盐废水

采用旋流萃取分离技术处理某炼油厂常减压装置电脱盐废水(初始废水含油量约为5 000 mg/L),优化了废水除油的工艺条件。试验结果表明,废水除油的最佳工艺条件为:旋流萃取分离机中心转子的转速960 r/min、废水流量2 000 L/h、废水温度80℃。废水经旋流萃取分离后,废水的含油量小于200 mg/L,废水除油效果较好;分离后油相的含水量约为0.1%(w),盐质量浓度小于20 mg/L,可回注到常减压装置原料罐循环利用。对于2 Mt/a的常减压装置,采用旋流萃取分离技术后,每年可减少支出100.4万元。     

燃机进气冷却技术探讨

燃机进气冷却技术是一种提高燃机发电机组在高温环境下出力的关键技术,研究、实践燃机进气冷却技术具有重要意义.探讨了大气温度影响燃机出力、效率的机理,介绍了燃机进气冷却应用的发展过程,并分析对比了燃机进气冷却的主要方式及主要优缺点,可对燃机进气冷却技术的工程应用提供参考.     

旋转填充床中臭氧氧化处理兰炭废水生化出水

以旋转填充床（RPB）为反应器,采用臭氧氧化工艺处理实际兰炭废水一级生化池出水。考察了臭氧浓度、RPB转速、气液比、初始废水pH、废水温度和RPB处理级数对废水处理效果和臭氧利用率的影响。实验得到的适宜工艺条件为：保持进气流量90 L/h不变,不调节废水pH和温度,控制臭氧质量浓度50 mg/L、气液比5∶1、RPB转速1 500 r/min,进行二级处理。在上述工艺条件下,处理COD为340.0 mg/L、BOD₅/COD为0.18、pH为7.77、温度为24.7 ℃的废水,处理后出水COD去除率为19.7%,BOD₅/COD为0.34,可生化性大幅提高,可满足后续生化处理要求。     

基于Excel和VBA的汽轮机排汽焓求解

热力性能测试和计算是火电机组热经济性分析的基础,其中排汽焓的确定不容忽视。在分析比较目前各种在线和离线计算方法的基础上,介绍了利用Excel的矩阵函数,配合少量VBA代码,快速求解汽轮机排汽焓的具体方法。该方法以汽轮机及回热系统能量平衡为基础,遵循GB 8117-1987要求并参考ASME PTC6-1996规范。实例计算表明,该方法编程简单,计算快速,可满足汽轮机热力性能试验报告等的需要。     

空气涡轮制冷低温粉碎法回收废弃橡胶

利用带回冷循环的空气涡轮制冷系统，在低温条件下，将废旧橡胶进行冷冻、粉碎、制成６０目以上的精细胶粉。此法的冷冻能耗成本仅为国际上通用的液氮法的１／１０，整具工艺过程不产生二次污染，为废旧橡胶的综合利用提供了一条新途径。     

Improvement in the feeding method to an inclined conveyor designed for the recycling of foundry sand

 The goal of the inclined conveyor method for particle shape separation is to process a large amount of feed material for recycling technology. The high feed rate has been achieved because the movement of particles is faster than for other previously introduced equipment. The separation performance of the apparatus was tested with foundry sand. A large amount of sand was treated, and various processing capacities were studied experimentally. The feed method was improved from point to line with wide troughs to process the higher feed rate. We succeeded in attaining a feed rate of 1.49 × 10⁻³ kg/s with a 0.3-m trough. The space filling, which was an important factor in deciding the capacity of the feed rate, was defined. This method is useful for any kind of line-feed method. Received: March 25, 2002 / Accepted: August 5, 2002     

给水加氧处理在超超临界1000MW机组的应用

徐州电厂超超临界1000MW机组投产后及时采用了给水加氧处理技术，介绍了1号机组给水加氧转换过程、水汽指标的变化情况。加氧处理技术实施后水汽系统含铁量显著降低，精处理混床运行周期延长，加药量减少，效果显著，提高了机组运行的经济性和安全性。     

Using wind to power a groundwater circulation well—preliminary results

In areas of the country where the U.S. Department of Energy has classified the available wind resources as Class 3 or greater, the use of wind turbines to provide power to relatively small remediation systems such as groundwater circulation wells may be technically and economically feasible. Groundwater circulation wells are a good candidate technology to couple with renewable energy, because the remediation system removes contamination from the subject aquifer with no net loss of the groundwater resource, while the wind turbine does not create potentially harmful air emissions. Wind data collected in the vicinity of the former Nebraska Ordnance Plant Superfund site were used to select a wind turbine system to provide a portion of the energy necessary to power a groundwater circulation well located in an area of high trichloroethylene groundwater contamination. Because utility power was already installed at the remediation system, a 10 kW grid inter‐tie wind turbine system supplements the utility system without requiring batteries for energy storage. The historical data from the site indicate that the quantity of energy purchased correlates poorly with the quantity of groundwater treated. Preliminary data from the wind turbine system indicate that the wind turbine provides more energy than the remediation system treatment components and the well submersible pump require on a monthly average. The preliminary results indicate that the coupling of wind turbines and groundwater circulation wells may be an attractive alternative in terms of the system operation time, cost savings, and contaminant mass removal. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Groundwater circulation well operation using wind turbine–generated energy

An investigation was conducted regarding the potential economic benefits associated with using a wind turbine to power a groundwater circulation well (GCW) at the former Nebraska Ordnance Plant Superfund site. The first phase of the investigation used a 10‐kilowatt‐rated grid inter‐tie wind turbine to partially offset the purchase of electricity from the utility company. The second phase consisted of the conversion of the grid inter‐tie system to an off‐grid system that stored energy using batteries. During the second phase, the GCW system was operated using either wind turbine power or utility power, and the other system components were operated using utility power. The study showed that a significant amount of power purchased from the utility company was used for nonessential purposes (other than operating the GCW pump and essential treatment components). One nonessential power consumer was the continuous heating of the equipment shelter for operator comfort during their 10‐minute visit every few days. Wind‐turbine reduction in utility power consumption was evaluated, and the operating time of a hypothetical system powered solely by the wind turbine was compared to the actual GCW operating time. This study indicates that retrofitting this GCW system did not economically offset power costs from a cheap, readily available grid system. Perhaps at a remote location with a more energy‐efficient design and operation and the inclusion of green power benefits (in some monetary amount), the wind turbine results will be more favorable. The study of a renewable energy application at the site highlighted opportunities for significant electrical energy savings regardless of the source of the electricity. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.