重点旧机电产品进口管理办法——商务部、海关总署、质检总局令2008年第5号

第一条为维护国家安全、社会公共利益，保护人的健康或者安全，保护动物、植物的生命或者健康，保护环境，依据《中华人民共和国对外贸易法》、《中华人民共和国进出口商品检验法》、《中华人民共和国行政许可法》、《中华人民共和国海关法》以及《中华人民共和国货物进出口管理条例》、《中华人民共和国进出口商品检验法实施条例》等相关法律和行政法规，制定本办法。     

工业固体废物资源化利用将暂予免征环境保护税

正近日,工信部节能与综合利用司对外发布了《工业固体废物资源综合利用评价管理暂行办法(征求意见稿)》(以下简称《办法》)和《国家工业固体废物资源综合利用产品目录(征求意见稿)》(以下简称《目录》)。《办法》指出,开展工业固体废物资源综合利用评价的企业,可依据评价结果按有关规定申请暂予免征环境保护税及相关产业扶持等优惠政策。     

环境保护部、外交部等11部委发布公告禁止六溴环十二烷生产使用

正环境保护部、外交部等11部委近日联合发布关于《关于持久性有机污染物的斯德哥尔摩公约新增列六溴环十二烷修正案》生效的公告。公告指出,自2016年12月26日起,禁止六溴环十二烷的生产、使用和进出口。但根据《关于持久性有机污染物的斯德哥尔摩公约》,以下情形除     

环境保护部、工业和信息化部联合印发《废弃电器电子产品规范拆解处理作业及生产管理指南(2015年版)》

<正>为了进一步规范废弃电器电子产品处理企业生产作业活动,提升环境管理水平,环境保护部、工业和信息化部近日联合印发《废弃电器电子产品规范拆解处理作业及生产管理指南(2015年版)》(公告2014年第82号,以下简称《指南》)。据悉,自《废弃电器电子产品回收处理管理条例》(以下简称《条例》)、《废弃电器电子产品处理基金征收使用管理     

国家发展改革委等部门成立废弃电器电子产品处理目录管理委员会并召开工作会议

<正>近日,国家发展改革委会同环境保护部、工业和信息化部(以下简称三部委),邀请有关专家、行业协会、企业代表,成立了《废弃电器电子产品处理目录》(以下简称《目录》)管理委员会,负责《目录》制订和调整的具体工作。3月16日,     

关于执行环境影响报告书制度中一些实际问题的探讨

为了防止环境的污染与破坏于未然,1979年人大常委会原则通过的《中华人民共和国环境保护法(试行)》(以下简称环保法)和1981年5月11日国家计委、建委、经委、国务院环境保护领导小组颁发的《基本建设项目环境保护管理办法》(以下简称管理办法),都明确规定了在基本建设项目中必须执行“环境影响报告书”制度。     

我国绿色轮胎的发展现状

介绍了欧盟颁布的《关于化学品注册、评估、许可和限制法规》（REACH法规）以及轮胎标签法等有关绿色轮胎的法规及实施情况。从轮胎设计及对原辅材料的选用等方面概括了绿色轮胎的主要技术要求。综述了我国绿色轮胎的发展现状。对我国绿色轮胎的发展提出了提高行业整体工艺水平、产品升级换代、制定相关标准、自愿进行绿色轮胎认证等建议。     

关于开展工业固体废物排污许可管理工作的通知

为贯彻落实《中华人民共和国固体废物污染环境防治法》和《排污许可管理条例》(以下简称《许可条例》),依法实施工业固体废物排污许可制度,现将有关事项通知如下. 一、总体要求 (一)工作目标 依法逐步将产生工业固体废物单位(以下简称产废单位)的工业固体废物(以下简称工业固废)环境管理要求纳入其排污许可证.     

东莞市政府审议通过《东莞市再生资源回收利用管理办法》

正东莞市市委副书记、市长肖亚非2018年4月17日上午主持召开市政府常务会议,审议通过《东莞市再生资源回收利用管理办法》(送审稿)(以下简称《管理办法》)。新《管理办法》重点从合理规划网点设置、规范回收经营管理、鼓励创新回收模式和综合利用、强化部门联动监管职责四方面,对东莞市2012年出台的《东莞市再生资源回收利用管理办法》进行了     

《废弃电器电子产品回收处理管理条例》配套方案学习研讨会在洛阳召开

家电"以旧换新"政策预计于2011年12月31日截止,根据《废弃电器电子产品回收处理管理条例》(以下简称《条例》)规定,对电子废弃物的回收、拆解实行基金管理。目前国家环保部、财政     

A comparison of refrigerant management policies and suggestions for improvement in South Korea

HFCs (hydrofluorocarbons) emerged as alternative refrigerants after the production of chlorofluorocarbons was banned and hydrochlorofluorocarbons were phased out, under the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer. However, because the Kyoto Protocol considered HFCs as greenhouse gases, and their impact on climate change has been increasing, major developed countries have been strengthening existing regulations on the use of HFCs as refrigerants. South Korea has also passed various legislations related to refrigerant management. However, reports indicate that implementation of these regulations has been ineffective, due to the absence of a specific system for managing the production, use, and disposal phases of refrigerants. To identify and resolve these issues, this study investigates the current state of refrigerant management in South Korea for those three phases. Refrigerant management policies are compared between different legislatures, using the examples of the European Union, United States, and Japan. Based on the findings, five types of measures are suggested to reduce the production and consumption of refrigerants, and to improve refrigerant management regulations in ways that are most appropriate to the South Korean context.     

Extension of EU Emissions Trading Scheme to Other Sectors and Gases: Consequences for Uncertainty of Total Tradable Amount

Emissions trading in the European Union (EU), covering the least uncertain emission sources of greenhouse gas emission inventories (CO₂ from combustion and selected industrial processes in large installations), began in 2005. During the first commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol (2008–2012), the emissions trading between Parties to the Protocol will cover all greenhouse gases (CO₂, CH₄, N₂O, HFCs, PFCs, and SF₆) and sectors (energy, industry, agriculture, waste, and selected land-use activities) included in the Protocol. In this paper, we estimate the uncertainties in different emissions trading schemes based on uncertainties in corresponding inventories. According to the results, uncertainty in emissions from the EU15 and the EU25 included in the first phase of the EU emissions trading scheme (2005–2007) is ±3% (at 95% confidence interval relative to the mean value). If the trading were extended to CH₄ and N₂O, in addition to CO₂, but no new emissions sectors were included, the tradable amount of emissions would increase by only 2% and the uncertainty in the emissions would range from −4 to +8%. Finally, uncertainty in emissions included in emissions trading under the Kyoto Protocol was estimated to vary from −6 to +21%. Inclusion of removals from forest-related activities under the Kyoto Protocol did not notably affect uncertainty, as the volume of these removals is estimated to be small.     

Comprehensive modeling of HFC-23 incineration in a CDM incinerator

Considering that a significant part of used refrigerants have to be destroyed in an environmentally friendly manner together with the high global warming potential (GWP) of HFCs (hydrofluorocarbons), the development of a proper incineration method of HFCs becomes one of the viable methods in the refrigeration and air-conditioning industry. To this end, in this study, the development of a comprehensive modeling of CHF₃ (HFC-23 or R-23) incineration is made to assist in the proper design and determination of optimal operating condition of a practical HFCs incinerator, since the refrigerant of CHF₃ is one of typical HFCs. For this, numerical investigation was performed by the development of a predictive model for the thermal destruction of the CHF₃ using CH₄–air flames in an incinerator designed for CDM (clean development mechanism) project. First of all, comparison between calculation and operation data was made to evaluate the program developed in this study. Numerical calculation of CHF₃–CH₄–air flame predicts successfully the operation data of a CDM incinerator such as temperature, CHF₃ destruction rate more than 99.99 % and other species concentrations such as CO and NO at the exit of the incinerator. Further parametric study was performed also in terms of important variables such as excess air, amount of steam and incinerator size. In general, the results obtained appear physically acceptable and give a clear physical insight into the role of the important variables. Further work is strongly recommended for the development of a general turbulent reaction model for the thermal destruction of HFCs, especially for the condition of non-equilibrium turbulent reaction dominance.     

微正压气力输灰系统技术改进

对徐州发电厂7号炉微正压气力输送系统进、出料阀进行了技术改进，采用柔性阀板解决了卸灰装置磨损块的问题，系统可靠性大幅度提高，效果显著。     

我国废铅蓄电池产生量与再生铅产能的讨论

废铅蓄电池是再生铅主要原料，铅蓄电池产量、进出口量、社会消费保有量，以及铅蓄电池消费使用领域与废铅蓄电池产生量有关。预测2015年废铅蓄电池产生量，并讨论我国再生铅产能规模，供再生铅产业结构调整与区域布局调整作参考。     

The current situation of solid waste generation and its environmental contamination in China

In China, controlling environmental pollution resulting from solid waste (SW) and hazardous waste (HW) has become one of the most pressing tasks in the field of environmental engineering. It is reported that the annual generation of industrial solid waste (ISW) in China exceeded 0.6 billion tons in the 1990s, and is increasing every year. Although ISW management has been strengthened in recent years, about 40% of SW is put in uncontrolled landfill without appropriate treatment. According to statistics from the national Environmental Protection Agency, the cumulative ISW uncontrolled landfill in China had reached 6.6 billion tons by the end of 1995, occupying around 55 000 hectares of land. Although some major uncontrolled landfills were constructed, nonetheless groundwater contamination resulted from the use of low-standard liners and poor management. Furthermore, about 20 million tons of ISW was discharged into the environment illegally, and a third of this waste was discharged directly into water bodies, making ISW one of the greatest pollution sources for surface water and ground water. Environmental pollution accidents resulting from SW occur about 100 times a year in China, and environmental issues frequently arise because of ISW pollution. The practices of SW management, treatment, and disposal started relatively late in China, and for a long time the management of SW pollution has received little attention compared with water and air pollution management. China faces problems such as the insufficiency of management laws and regulations, insufficient investment, inadequate treatment and disposal technology, and a lack of qualified technicians. At present, most treatment and disposal technology cannot meet the requests for solid waste pollution control. In order to protect, restore, and improve environmental quality in China and to realize sustainable development, the safe management and disposal of solid and hazardous wastes is a pressing challenge. In recent years, much attention has been paid to SW management in China, and investment to develop management and treatment technologies has increased. In 1995, the Law for Solid Waste Pollution Protection was issued, and work on solid waste treatment and disposal began to be legally managed. SW treatment and disposal facilities have been constructed, and now operate in some large and medium-sized cities. In particular, rapid improvements have been seen in ISW recycling, collection, and disposal of municipal solid waste and regional HW management. All the figures in this paper are from 1995, and represent the situation in China in that year. Received: April 18, 2000 / Accepted: May 15, 2000     

EU strategies and policies on soil and waste management to offset greenhouse gas emissions

Climate change has become an important political priority in the environmental field, and beyond. To revert the increase in the Earth’s temperature, developed country parties to the Kyoto Protocol committed to limit their greenhouse gas emissions. The 15 Member States that made up the European Community in 1997 have a combined reduction target of 8% in CO₂-equivalent emissions in the period 2008–2012 compared to 1990. The role of soil, both as a source and a sink for carbon, is particularly important. How can soil organic matter be maintained or increased? There is no single answer, and a broad range of options need to be explored. Among the different measures proposed, the promotion of organic input on arable land (crop residues, cover crops, farm yard manure, compost, sewage sludge) has been mentioned. The challenge is to ensure that organic wastes of good quality are used to increase soil organic matter in carbon depleted soils and that appropriate monitoring is established. On the waste management front, the European Commission intends to produce guidance for Member States on the management of biowaste that will take into account all related environmental issues, including soil aspects. As for monitoring, the European Commission has put forward legislation according to which Member States would have to identify the areas at risk of soil organic matter decline in their national territory. Such legislation should be regarded as a major step forward for Europe, as it would ensure a high level of soil protection across the Community. This development will have the potential to enable the kind of estimation, measurement or modelling of crop or grazing land management needed for accounting under Article 3.4 of the Kyoto Protocol.     

Status of recycling end-of-life vehicles and efforts to reduce automobile shredder residues in Korea

The present end-of-life vehicle (ELV) recycle rate and management status during the dismantling stage were investigated to aid the establishment of policies for the management of ELVs by surveying information and using the results gained from questionnaires given to dismantlers. The average recycle rate at the dismantling stage was 44% of the mass of a new vehicle and the rest of the ELV was then compressed and transported to shredding companies to recover mainly the iron content, which averaged 38.7% of the mass of a new vehicle. Nonferrous metals such as copper, antimony, zinc, and aluminum accounted for only 1.5%. The automobile shredder residues (ASRs) were composed of light and heavy fluffs and soil/dust and amounted to 15.8% based on the mass of a new vehicle. The dumping of fluff and inorganic residues in landfill sites, however, will be restricted when new regulations are implemented to reduce the disposal amount to less than 5% of a new car, as has been done in European countries and in Japan. The detailed characteristics of ASR were investigated to suggest appropriate means of treatment such as volume reduction or the utilization of thermal technologies to meet future expected enforcement. Also, some concerns on hazardous pollutant release such as that of dioxins while utilizing such thermal treatment methods were considered. The present on-going research and development projects to meet such future management targets are also introduced.     

Hazardous waste incineration in context with carbon dioxide.

The Kyoto Protocol of 1997 demands an emission reduction of climate-affecting gases in various industrial sectors. In this context CO2 is one of the relevant gases and waste management is one of the relevant sectors. Referring to the situation in Europe, waste incineration is one of the major sources of CO2 in the waste management sector. The Kyoto Protocol, however, only covers CO2-emissions originating from fossil fuels, whereas the incineration of renewable materials, e.g. wood, is considered to be climate-neutral since it does not make any net contribution to the CO2 inventory of the atmosphere. Unlike the situation with municipal waste, there is little if any information on the CO2-emissions caused by the incineration of hazardous waste in specialized plants, and the renewable fraction in these materials. The present paper focuses on this gap of knowledge. Taking the full-scale hazardous waste incineration plant in Biebesheim, Germany, as an example, a carbon balance was set up for the whole-plant taking into account all other material flows. Afterwards the determination of the proportion of renewable materials in the hazardous waste incinerated by means of the radiocarbon method (14C) is reported. On the basis of the results, optimization potentials are discussed.     

锅炉空预器堵灰的原因分析及处理措施

介绍了某电厂空预器的设计特点,该空预器运行过程中出现了一、二次风压与炉膛压力周期性波动、进出口差压偏大的问题.对该空预器实际运行情况的分析研究表明：燃用煤种含硫量超标、吹灰蒸汽带水、冬天暖风器投用不及时以及蓄热元件布置紧密是造成空预器堵灰的关键问题.通过控制入炉煤含硫量、加强吹灰、提高综合冷端温度和蓄热元件改造等措施,保证了空预器安全经济运行.