钢渣活化过一硫酸盐氧化法深度处理焦化废水

采用钢渣活化过一硫酸盐(PMS)氧化法深度处理焦化废水生化出水，研究了钢渣加入量、PMS浓度和初始p H对该废水处理效果的影响，考察了钢渣的重复利用性能，分析了钢渣-PMS氧化处理前后废水中有机物和急性毒性的变化。实验结果表明：在钢渣加入量5 g/L、PMS浓度7 mmol/L、初始p H 8.1、反应时间3 h的条件下，废水中色度和COD去除率分别为82.99%和62.89%，出水毒性变小；钢渣重复使用5次后，COD去除率降低至38.73%。钢渣-PMS体系氧化降解有机污染物的途径可能有两种：一种是钢渣中的CaO水解使溶液呈碱性，活化PMS生成了O₂^-·和¹O₂；另一种是钢渣中的铁氧化物活化PMS生成SO₄^-·和·OH。三维荧光光谱分析结果表明，钢渣活化PMS所产生的活性物种可以有效破坏废水中的芳香蛋白类物质、腐殖酸类物质和溶解性微生物代谢产物。     

纳米二氧化钛光催化降解水中有机污染物的研究进展

TiO2在光催化降解水中有机污染物方面具有明显的优势。综述了pH、TiO2表面改性、载体、外加氧化剂及其他因素对TiO2光催化降解水中有机污染物催化活性的影响，讨论了光电催化 、太阳能利用等对光催化领域的推动作用，展望了这方面工作的发展方向。     

氧基氯化铁催化降解水中污染物的研究进展

氧基氯化铁(FeOCl)具有二维层状晶体结构且表面有丰富的活性位点,可作为一种新型的非均相Fenton催化剂.本文阐述了FeOCl催化降解水中污染物的机理和FeOCl的改性方法;综述了FeOCl材料催化降解水中污染物(染料、抗生素以及内分泌干扰物等)的研究进展;最后总结了该领域存在的问题并对今后的研究方向进行了展望.指...     

Fe3O4-MnO2复合材料催化降解水中有机污染物的研究进展

综述了Fe₃O₄-MnO₂复合材料催化降解水中有机污染物的研究进展,介绍了Fe₃O₄-MnO₂复合材料的负载方式,总结了Fe₃O₄-MnO₂复合材料在催化降解水中有机污染物方面的应用。同时,阐述了Fe₃O₄-MnO₂复合材料催化降解水中有机污染物的机理。指出：Fe₃O₄-MnO₂复合材料未来的研发方向是实现负载方式的多样性和提高复合材料的热稳定性,制备出形貌多样、结晶性能好、稳定性高、经济性好、功能多样的Fe₃O₄-MnO₂复合材料。     

纳米TiO2在有机废水处理方面的研究进展

综述了光催化材料纳米TiO2的制备、光催化降解水中有机污染物的机理、动力学规律及其研究现状和发展方向。     

铁基催化剂在过硫酸盐高级氧化中的研究进展——非自由基途径

综述了铁基催化剂活化过硫酸盐产生非自由基降解有机污染物的机理，介绍了零价铁、铁氧化物、铁碳复合材料和铁单原子催化剂通过非自由基途径降解有机物的研究进展，展望了铁基催化剂在过硫酸盐非自由基高级氧化方面的发展方向，为该技术在实际有机废水处理方面的研究和应用提供参考。     

二氧化钛的改性及其对降解水中有机污染物的促进作用

综述了TiO2光催化剂的改性方法及其对光催化降解水中有机污染物的促进作用,介绍了复合物、煅烧温度、掺杂量、掺杂金属离子的种类和浓度对TiO2光催化性能的影响。     

多金属氧酸盐非均相光催化降解处理有机废水的研究进展

非均相光催化氧化是一种催化剂易于回收利用且研究广泛的高级氧化技术。本文综述了多金属氧酸盐(POMs)非均相光催化降解废水中有机污染物的研究现状。该类非均相光催化剂主要包括负载型POMs(载体主要有半导体氧化物、离子交换树脂和分子筛)、POMs复合膜材料、不溶性盐和多元复合物。讨论了其制备方法、降解效果、反应机理和重复使用性。最后,指出了该领域未来可能的研究方向,为该领域的进一步研究提供参考。     

铁活化过硫酸盐修复石油烃污染土壤的研究进展

分析了Fe~0、Fe~(2+)和Fe~(3+)活化过硫酸盐氧化石油烃的机理,介绍了土壤中石油烃污染物降解的影响因素以及总结了铁活化过硫酸盐修复石油烃污染土壤技术的不足。指出应以铁活化过硫酸盐原位修复作为土壤中高浓度有机污染物的前处置方法,再结合微生物或植物修复等技术,以减少对土壤理化性质的影响;另外,检测仪器的发展有利于土壤修复技术的应用。     

超声强化高级氧化技术降解水中有机污染物的研究进展

介绍了用于降解水中有机污染物的超声强化技术，分析了超声与臭氧氧化、Fenton试剂氧化和光催化氧化等高级氧化技术联用的机理，综述了这些联用技术在降解有机污染物方面的研究进展，并展望了超声强化高级氧化技术的发展前景。     

Papermill industrial waste as a sustainable source for high efficiency absorbent production

Papermill sludge (PMS) is generated during the wastewater treatment process of paper production. Its handling and disposal techniques are of great concern for the environment. It can be landfilled as a waste, or it can be recycled and converted into useful products of high value. It has a very promising application as an absorbing agent for the cleaning of water surfaces polluted with hydrophobic substances (vegetable, synthetic and mineral oils, animal fats, fuels, organic chemicals and even coal dust). Here, we present the pretreatment procedure (hydrophobation, mechanical and thermal treatments) of PMS that produces a lightweight absorbent material (HAWSC - high efficiency absorbent for water surface cleaning), which floats on the water surface and binds hydrophobic pollutants with considerably higher efficiency than commercially available mineral and synthetic absorbents. After its application, it can be incinerated, due to its high caloric value, to produce energy. The incineration residues can then be formed into granules that can be used as an efficient absorbent for fluids spilled onto solid surfaces.     

Role of iron chemistry in controlling the release of pollutants from resuspended sediments

Aquatic sediments often contain a large number of chemical contaminants that are potential pollutants. It is often presumed that such contaminants are released to the water column during sediment resuspension and, in there, adversely impact aquatic life and other beneficial uses of the water. However, extensive laboratory and field studies of about 100 contaminated sediments from across the United States that specifically addressed this type of release showed that of about 30 common heavy metals, organic compounds, and other potential pollutants, only manganese II and ammonia were released to then remain in the water column after sediment resuspension. These results indicated that the chemistry of aqueous iron controls the availability of many contaminants in resuspended sediment. The formation of ferric hydroxide during sediment suspension into the water column, as a result of the reaction between ferrous iron in the sediments and dissolved oxygen in the water column, leads to rapid scavenging of many contaminants in the Fe(OH)₃ precipitate. The scavenged contaminants are redeposited in the sediments. This article reviews the role of the aqueous chemistry of iron as it relates to controlling the release of potential pollutants from resuspended sediments. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

FLUENT在燃煤电厂大气污染控制领域的应用研究进展

介绍了FLUENT软件的基本原理、方法及主要特点,综述了其在燃煤电厂大气污染控制、大气污染扩散、大气污染物生成模拟方面的研究进展和实际应用情况,在此基础上,总结了FLUENT软件在燃煤电厂大气污染领域应用中存在的问题,并提出了今后的研究方向和发展趋势。     

Removal of ammonium and phosphates from aqueous solutions by biochar produced from agricultural waste

The concern about protecting water quantity and quality is one of the most severe challenges of the twenty-first century since the demand for water resources grows as the population and its needs grow. Additionally, and as expected, most human activities produce wastewater containing undesirable contaminants. On the other hand, the generation of agricultural waste and its inappropriate disposal causes further problems. Current wastewater treatment methods involve a combination of physical and chemical processes, technologies, and operations to remove pollutants from effluents; adsorption is an excellent example of an effective method for wastewater treatment, and biochar is currently one of the most valuable adsorbents. This review focuses on new research about applying biochar produced from agricultural waste as a low-cost and environmentally friendly method for removing ammonium and phosphates from aqueous solutions.

     

零价铁类Fenton试剂氧化降解废水中有机污染物的研究进展

综述了近年来国内外Fe0类Fenton试剂氧化反应降解废水中有机污染物的研究现状，介绍了Fe0-H2O2体系、紫外光-Fe0-H2O2体系和可见光-Fe0-H2O2体系处理有机污染物的机理、特点和效果，并对未来Fe0类Fenton试剂氧化反应体系处理有机污染物的发展前景进行了展望。     

Mercury removal from aqueous solutions by zinc cementation

The main purpose of this research is to study the addition effect of the surfactant and other operating factors on the treatment of wastewater containing mercury ions in aqueous solution by cementation with sacrificing metal, zinc. The removal of mercury ions from aqueous solutions by cementation of zinc powder was found to be a function of solution pH and temperature, amount of zinc, concentration of mercury ion, contact time and the addition of several organic surfactants. Cementation of mercury was shown to be a feasible process to achieve a very high degree of mercury removal over a broad operational range within a fairly reasonable contact time. The reaction rate is approximately first order with respect to the concentration of mercury ion in aqueous solution. Among the surfactants used in this study, only the presence of SDS, an anionic surfactant, slightly enhanced the cementation rate of mercury. The presence of CTAB and Triton-X100 retarded the cementation of mercury by zinc.     

超声协同Fenton法处理有机废水的研究进展

超声协同Fenton法是利用超声的空化效应及自由基效应强化Fenton法对废水的处理效率,实现两者对废水中有机污染物的协同降解。概述了超声与Fenton法处理废水的协同机制。综述了废水pH、催化剂和H₂O₂投加量、超声功率、温度等工艺条件的优化研究,催化剂的研发以及共存物质的影响研究等方面的进展。指出开发新型高效、可重复利用、廉价易得的催化剂是提高超声协同Fenton法降解有机污染物效率的关键,还可将超声、Fenton法或超声协同Fenton法与其他的氧化法或生化方法相结合,寻找更加安全、高效、低成本的新途径。     

超临界水氧化法处理有机污染物

介绍了超临界水氧化法处理有机污染物的基本原理，工艺流程和应用实例及使用范围，对比分析了超临界水氧化法与焚烧法处理有机污染物的技术特点，经济实用性，指明了超临界水氧化法作为一种有效的有机污染物处理方法，在化工环保等领域将具有广阔的应用前景。