发展绿色电力实施电力工业的可持续发展

从经济、能源结构、环境保护和资源利用等方面提出中国电力工业实施可持续发展的必要性，并提出要发展绿色电力实现电力工业可持续发展。重点对绿色电力进行分析，阐述了国内外绿色电力的发展现状以及中国发展绿色电力遇到的问题以及解决方法，并提出中国要积极发展绿色电力，走电力工业的可持续发展之路。     

污泥热解气化技术的研究进展

通过热解气化等热化学转化方式将污泥转变为液体或气体燃料是极具前景的污泥利用方式之一。从污泥的资源化利用方面着手,阐述了污泥热解气化技术的研究进展,分析了现有污泥热解气化工艺的优缺点和主要影响因素,并对该技术的发展趋势进行了展望。指出:高湿污泥与生物质混合进行共热解可以提高原料的转化率和整个系统的热效率;高效污泥热解气化装置的研发是目前污泥热解气化技术领域亟待解决的问题。     

进口废物原料检验检疫工作把关尺度一致性探讨

结合进口废物原料检验检疫把关的难。最，探讨了模糊综合评价法在把关中应用的可能性、合议制度在把关中应用的可行性，以及强化检验检疫人员的培训工作和提高废物原料检验检疫工作的科技水平的重要性．     

The Svalbard Intertidal Zone: A Concept for the Use of GIS in Applied Oil Sensitivity,Vulnerability and Impact Analyses

Historical oil spills have shown that environmental damage on the seashore can be measured by acute mortality of single species and destabilisation of the communities. The biota, however, has the potential to recover over some period of time. Applied to the understanding of the fate of oil and population and community dynamics, the impact can be described by the function of the following two factors: the immediate extent and the duration of damage. A simple and robust mathematical model is developed to describe this process in the Svalbard intertidal. Based on the integral of key biological and physical factors, i.e., community specific sensitivity, oil accumulation and retention capacity of the substrate, ice-cover and wave exposure, the model is implemented by a Geographical Information System (GIS) for characterisation of the habitat’s sensitivity and vulnerability. Geomorphologic maps and georeferenced biological data are used as input. Digital maps of intertidal zone are compiled, indicating the shoreline sensitivity and vulnerability in terms of coastal segments and grid aggregations. Selected results have been used in the national assessment programme of oil development in the Barents Sea for priorities in environmental impact assessments and risk analyses as well as oil spill contingency planning.     

资源循环科学与工程专业课程体系优化与教学内容创新实践的探索

针对资源循环科学与工程本科专业课程教学,以西安建筑科技大学该专业课程体系为案例,通过对毕业生和专业研讨会调研,分析了课程体系建设的现状和存在的问题。借鉴其他高校资源专业的课程体系和教学内容,通过梳理各门专业课程的教学内容和相互联系,构建了资源专业课程体系课程群,探索了课程体系优化的方法和增加创新实践环节的具体措施。     

包装印刷业VOCs污染特征分析

选取了北京市的14家大型包装印刷企业进行现场采样、监测,统计分析了生产工艺和原辅材料,识别了VOCs污染来源和排放节点。根据不同排放节点的特征搭建了相应的采样系统,并以此为基础考察了VOCs的排放特征、臭氧生成潜势和二次有机气溶胶(SOA)生成潜势。结果表明:包装印刷业所排放的VOCs以醇类和酯类为主;乙醇和异丙醇为主要的臭氧前体物,生产线和烘干集气系统排气口为主要的臭氧生成节点;烷烃和醇类为主要的SOA前体物,烘干集气系统排气口为首要的SOA生成节点。     

Hazardous industrial waste management in Vietnam: current status and future direction

This article concentrates on the existing situation of hazardous industrial waste management in Vietnam. To realize the importance of the development of a Vietnam national strategy based on the reduce, reuse, recycle (3R) concept to the year 2020, the author summarizes the practice of recycling activities of hazardous industrial waste and discusses the challenges arising from increases in the quantity and types of waste and the level of hazard of the waste generated considering that the technical infrastructure for handling and managing the waste is inadequate and the legal system on environmental protection is lacking. In order to improve the existing situation of hazardous industrial waste management, the Vietnamese Government recently has played an increasing role in promoting regional and international cooperation on environmental protection through ratifying the international conventions on the environment including the Basel Convention on the Control of Trans-boundary Movements of Hazardous Waste and their Disposal and the International Labor Organization Convention on Safety in the Use of Chemicals at Work and by adhering to the concept of the material-cycle society. These steps are key opportunities for applying the principles of 3R to the recovery of value from hazardous waste in the future.     

Leaching of heavy metals from chromated copper arsenate (CCA) treated wood after disposal

Wood treated by preservatives is commonly found in solid waste. Among the different types of preserved wood, chromated copper arsenate (CCA) treated wood recently has received much attention due to the scale of usage and its significant role in soil and water contamination. As the ash of CCA treated wood would be hazardous if the wood were to be incinerated, this is not a good alternative, and the best available disposal method is thus landfilling in the US, Canada and Australia. Leaching of the metals from preserved wood that is disposed in unlined landfills for construction debris pollutes the soil and water environments. Several factors affecting leaching of the metals from wood, including pH of the leachant, temperature, the duration of leaching and the type of leachant, were investigated. These factors affect each of the metals, chromium, copper and arsenic, differently. A comparison of these effects on each metal was performed. The results of the experiments showed that the pH of the leachants has a significant effect on the leaching process, and sulfuric acid (pH 3) is the most effective leachant compared to nitric and acetic acid (pH 3-4-5). The amounts of leached chromium, copper and arsenic by sulfuric acid (pH 3) during 15 days were, respectively, 0.2, 0.14 and 0.15 mg more than leachates by nitric acid (pH 5) on the basis of 1g of wood (initial contents of 1.03 mg, 0.42 g and 0.8 mg per g of wood). Most of the leaching occurs in the first 5 days, and the rate of leaching decreases significantly after 5 days. Increasing temperature increases the amount of leached metals, and arsenic is the least resistant metal to the leaching when the temperature increases. Increasing the temperature from 15 degrees C to 35 degrees C during 15 days increases the amount of leached chromium, copper and arsenic by acetic acid at pH 5 by about 0.1, 0.4 and 1.2mg per g of wood, respectively.     

Modelling and experimental investigation of environmental influences on the acetate and methane formation in solid waste

An anaerobic reaction model is represented and used for simulation of the biodegradation of organic compounds and the generation of biogas. The model is based on fundamental relationships among physical, chemical, thermodynamic and microbial processes occurring in municipal landfills. Local microbially mediated degradation processes occurring in municipal landfills are simulated in terms of hydrolysis of readily and inherently degradable organic matter, the formation of acetate as surrogate for intermediary low-molecular carbon substrates, and the generation of the biogases CH4 and CO2. Thus, the overall decomposition of the organic matter has been assumed to follow three sequential anaerobic reactions steps: hydrolysis, acetogenesis and methanogenesis. In order to study the impact of environmental factors on the biological decomposition processes, experiments have been conducted to investigate the effect of temperature and water content. In the degradation model, the impact of temperature and water content was defined as reaction rate influencing factors. Further, waste samples have been taken from four drill holes on a municipal landfill near Wolfsburg (Germany) and used to analyze and to describe the waste composition and prevailing environmental conditions dependent on the depth of the drill hole. The data and waste samples obtained from the landfill have also been used for model development and validation.     

人工湿地构造及生物因素研究进展

介绍了近10年报道的不同构造人工湿地（CW）的污水处理性能及CW中微生物、植物、动物的相关研究进展。分析了各种CW构造优缺点、CW与其他技术的结合、CW微生物群落的特征、影响因素和研究手段、CW植物与动物对CW处理性能的贡献及作用机制。提出今后应重点研究：复合人工湿地（ICW）工艺优化;CW强化技术及其参数;CW微生物群落动力学;超富集植物筛选及植物根系作用;耐受性动物筛选驯化、动物与植物及微生物的协同作用机制。     

Characterization of municipal solid waste from the main landfills of Havana city

The city of Havana, the political, administrative and cultural centre of Cuba, is also the centre of many of the economic activities of the nation: industries, services, scientific research and tourism. All of these activities contribute to the generation of municipal solid waste (MSW), which also impact other Cuban cities. Inadequate handling of waste and the lack of appropriate and efficient solutions for its final disposal and treatment increase the risk and possibility of contamination. The main difficulty in the development of a system of management of MSW lies in the lack of knowledge of the chemical composition of the waste that is generated in the country as a whole, and especially in Havana, where solid waste management decisions are made. The present study characterizes MSW in Havana city during 2004. The Calle 100, Guanabacoa and Ocho Vías landfills were selected for physical-chemical characterization of MSW, as they are the three biggest landfills in the city. A total of 16 indicators were measured, and weather conditions were recorded. As a result, the necessary information regarding the physical-chemical composition of the MSW became available for the first time in Cuba. The information is essential for making decisions regarding the management of waste and constitutes a valuable contribution to the Study on Integrated Management Plan of MSW in Havana.     

Watersheds Nutrient Loss and Eutrophication of the Marine Recipients: A Case Study of the Jiaozhou Bay,China

Industrialization and urbanization along the coastal population centers have brought great changes in the land cover and material fluxes from watersheds to receiving bays and estuaries. We have embarked a multiyear research project on “Watersheds Nutrient Loss and Eutrophication of Jiaozhou Bay” for the period of 2000 to 2004, funded by the Natural Science Foundation of China to examine human influence on the marine sector of ecosystem. Jiaozhou Bay, located in the southern part of Shandong Peninsula, was selected because of the existence of long-term hydrographic and meteorological records since the 1930s and recent observations on the marine ecological variables. We have made extensive and periodic measurements on the water movement, nutrients, phytoplankton, and microbe in water column and bottom sediments. Box and 3-dimensional hydrodynamic models were developed and utilized to understand the evolution of eutrophic status with time. It was found that primary productivity has suffered from silica depletion followed by phosphate, and the dominance of large phytoplankton has been replaced by small-size communities. These ecosystem changes were brought by the changes in the relative contribution among major pathways and concentrations, owing to the human activities in the watershed. Eight articles in this volume reported various aspects of the linkage between watershed human activities and ecosystem for the Jiaozhou Bay as the initial outcome of this project.     

Risk assessment: A site-specific approach to establishing acceptable soil cleanup levels

In 1980 the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) was passed to instigate the cleanup of uncontrolled hazardous waste sites. CERCLA necessitated the development of a set of criteria for estimating the severity of the contamination at these sites, the potential impact on human health and the environment, and establishing appropriate cleanup levels for the contaminated media. The risk assessment (RA) format was developed to meet these challenges. Though RAs vary dramatically in their scope, emphasis, and regulatory application, there are two primary objectives common to all RAs: (1) to evaluate potential risks to human health and the environment posed by the release of hazardous substances and (2) to evaluate and establish safe cleanup levels based primarily on the number and type of potential receptors, the toxicity and mobility of the contaminants, and the types of exposure pathways present. Achieving these objectives may be a relatively simple task or an extremely complex and difficult one depending on the type of material released and our understanding of its behavior in the environment, the site conditions, and the governing regulations. This article presents an approach for establishing acceptable cleanup levels for subsurface soils and illustrates the application of this approach to three different regulated sites.     

废钢铁在钢铁行业中应用前景研究

废钢铁是我国物资回收与再生资源利用体系中的重要资源,也是非常重要的战略性资源,是钢铁工业最主要的两种原料之一(另一种是铁矿石)。与铁矿石相比,废钢铁更符合绿色可持续发展的需要和钢铁行业超低排放政策的要求,未来废钢铁资源在钢铁工业发展中的重要性可能会不断提升。着重探讨了未来10年废钢铁资源产生量的变化趋势,以及对钢铁工业原料结构变化的影响。未来中国的废钢铁资源可能不仅能满足自身钢铁工业发展的需要,同时也可能为世界钢铁工业的发展提供重要的原料。     

MEEP清灰钢刷失效分析与试验装置设计

移动电极电除尘器（MEEP）具有出口粉尘排放浓度低、可有效收集PM2.5等优点，其运动部件的可靠性越发受到国内外制造厂家的重视，清灰钢刷作为其关键部件之一，其国产化后的寿命和失效形式的研究越来越重要。分析了钢刷结构失效形式，并在综述了国外移动电极电除尘器钢碡4的研究经验的基础上，设计了钢刷失效形式和寿命测试试验装置。为提高钢刷寿命和降低移动电极电除尘器出口粉尘排放浓度提供了试验数据，推动了移动电极电除尘器关键的运动部件的研究进程，为移动电极电除尘器钢刷的改进和现有设备间距时间调整提供参考。     

福州经济技术开发区产业低碳化转型研究

在构建福州经济技术开发区产业低碳化转型评价指标体系的基础上,运用主成分分析法与标准离差法进行模糊Borda组合评价的综合评价模型,对不同情景进行定量分析,提出福州经济技术开发区产业低碳化转型的重点调整部门和重点发展部门,为福州经济技术开发区的产业低碳化转型提供参考.     

解读《关于深入推进重点行业清洁生产审核工作的通知》

2020年10月16日,生态环境部和国家发改委联合发布了《关于深入推进重点行业清洁生产审核工作的通知》（环办科财〔2020〕27号）（《通知》）,以进一步加强清洁生产审核在重点行业节能减排和升级改造中的支撑作用,促进形成绿色发展方式,推动经济高质量发展。本文在分析《通知》出台的背景和意义的基础上,对清洁生产审核工作的顶层设计、模式创新、奖惩措施等方面进行梳理和解读,助力各地方深入理解《通知》精神,推动各项任务有效落实。     

Odor compounds in waste gas emissions from agricultural operations and food industries

In the last decades, large-scale agricultural operations and food industries have increased. These operations generate numerous types of odors. The reduction of land areas available for isolation of agricultural and food processing industrial operations from the public area and the increase in sensitivity and demand of the general public for a clean and pleasant environment have forced all of these industries to control odor emissions and toxic air pollutants. To develop environmentally sound, sustainable agricultural and food industrial operations, it is necessary to integrate research that focuses on modern analytical techniques and latest sensory technology of measurement and evaluation of odor and pollution, together with a fundamental knowledge of factors that are the basic units contributing to the production of odor and pollutants. Without a clear understanding of what odor is, how to measure it, and where it originates, it will be difficult to control the odor. The present paper reviews the available information regarding odor emissions from agricultural operations and food industries by giving an overview about odor problems, odor detection and quantification, and identifying the sources and the mechanisms that contribute to the odor emissions. Finally, ways of reducing or controlling the odor problem are discussed.     

水淬铜渣技术要求标准研究

面对绿色发展的新形势,我国正在大力推进固废的资源化利用工作,提升标准化水平。论述了编制水淬铜渣标准的意义和作用,介绍了标准研制的原则,以及水淬铜渣的技术要求、试验方法、检验规则等,通过标准的研制与实施,将引领并规范水淬铜渣的应用。     

Effects of chemical composition of fly ash on efficiency of metal separation in ash-melting of municipal solid waste

In the process of metal separation by ash-melting, Fe and Cu in the incineration residue remain in the melting furnace as molten metal, whereas Pb and Zn in the residue are volatilized. This study investigated the effects of the chemical composition of incineration fly ash on the metal-separation efficiency of the ash-melting process. Incineration fly ash with different chemical compositions was melted with bottom ash in a lab-scale reactor, and the efficiency with which Pb and Zn were volatilized preventing the volatilization of Fe and Cu was evaluated. In addition, the behavior of these metals was simulated by thermodynamic equilibrium calculations. Depending on the exhaust gas treatment system used in the incinerator, the relationships among Na, K, and Cl concentrations in the incineration fly ash differed, which affected the efficiency of the metal separation. The amounts of Fe and Cu volatilized decreased by the decrease in the molar ratio of Cl to Na and K in the ash, promoting metal separation. The thermodynamic simulation predicted that the chlorination volatilization of Fe and Cu was prevented by the decrease in the molar ratio, as mentioned before. By melting incineration fly ash with the low molar ratio in a non-oxidative atmosphere, most of the Pb and Zn in the ash were volatilized leaving behind Fe and Cu.