垃圾焚烧烟气中二(噁)英零排放技术实践

介绍了绍兴新民热电有限公司用煤和垃圾混烧循环流化床技术处理城市生活垃圾，焚烧烟气经活性炭吸附、半干法和布袋除尘器净化工艺处理后，烟气中二噁英接近零排放。     

美国危险废物的焚烧处理

介绍了英国RCRA和TSCA关于危险废物焚烧的有关规定,几种典型的焚烧装置的流程,以及回转窑焚烧系统各单元装置的技术参数;还介绍了美国危险废物处置厂的收费标准。     

大港垃圾焚烧工程控制二恶英排放的优化设计

对生活垃圾焚烧工程中控制二恶英排放的工艺技术进行深入分析和总结,并且在大港垃圾焚烧工程的烟气净化设计中采用新的二恶英去除工艺方法,通过工程实例,验证新工艺方法的效果,为今后类似工程的设计提供借鉴和参考。     

国家禁建简易危险废物处置设施

针对一些地方建设的危险废物和医疗废物焚烧装置造成二次污染严重的情况，国家环保总局日前发出《关于严禁建设简易危险废物和医疗废物焚烧处置设施的紧急通知》，要求严禁建设各类简易危险废物和医疗废物焚烧处置设施，严禁以应急的方式和技术建设长期安全使用的设施，并严格建设程序。     

现代化危险废物焚烧处置厂技术改进措施的探讨

危险废物焚烧处置项目日益增多,但在技术方面仍然存在较大隐患,需要在安全、卫生、节能和机械自动化方面做更多的改进,以建成真正意义上的现代化危险废物焚烧处置厂。     

专利文摘

一种焚烧及污泥干化工艺该专利涉及一种焚烧及污泥干化工艺。包括以下步骤:1)将固体可燃废料送入热解焚烧装置,通过干馏、燃烧形成高温烟气;2)将得到的高温烟气送至装有湿污泥的回转窑内提供热源,使湿污泥在回转窑内充分干化、热解和燃烧,得到干污泥和热解后的废气;3)将热解后的废气送至燃烧室进一步提温灼烧后,送至尾气处理装置处理后     

国外动态

西德Degussa公司开发成功利用过氧化氢净化烟气进行脱硫的新工艺,这种工艺过程适用于50兆瓦以上负荷的烧油加热炉或烧煤炉窑的烟气脱硫,还可用于净化工业装置含SO_2的废气。采用这种工艺,可使净化后烟气或气体中剩余SO_2小于20毫克/米~3,同时,可生成70％(重)的浓硫酸,使整个工艺过程的费用降低。     

高效回流式循环流化床烟气脱硫及除尘技术

介绍GRAF／WULFF回流式循环流化床烟气净化技术的基本工艺，特点及共设计和运行经验，成功的设计和运行业表绩表明，GRAF／WULFF技术已经可以成熟地，没有技术风险于大中型脱硫设备，单个反应塔即可进行400MW燃煤电厂的烟气脱硫，污染物去除率可达99％。     

火电厂烟气脱硫塔气体分布装置设计

喷淋塔扣烟气循环流化床脱硫塔被广泛应用于火电厂烟气脱硫工程中，介绍了两种脱硫塔的气体分布装置及其工艺设计，为脱硫设计提供参考。     

2×300 MW机组镁法脱硫吸收塔设计

氧化镁湿法烟气脱硫技术已在我国推广应用,在氧化镁湿法烟气脱硫工艺中,关健设备是吸收塔.以2×300 MW机组烟气脱硫工程为例,对吸收塔本体结构尺寸进行设计及选型,为镁法脱硫吸收塔设计提供参考.     

Effects of flue gas composition on the catalytic destruction of chlorinated aromatic compounds with a V-oxide catalyst

When using catalytic flue gas cleaning, several flue gas compounds may influence oxidation reactions of hazardous volatile organic compounds, possibly leading to lower reaction rates and, thus, to an incomplete destruction. Experimental investigations were performed with regard to the influence of selected flue gas compounds, like hydrogen chloride, sulfur dioxide, oxygen, and water vapour, on the catalytic destruction behavior of chlorobenzenes under flue gas cleaning conditions of an incineration plant. For this purpose, a metal oxide catalyst was operated at different temperatures at a space velocity of 3600 h-1 in a laboratory-scale fixed bed reactor with model flue gases, and with real flue gases generated from the TAMARA waste incineration plant. The results obtained from the studies with model flue gas were analyzed with respect to reaction kinetics. These kinetics were applied for comparison with the experimental data gained in the real flue gas.     

垃圾焚烧中抑制二恶英二次生成的方法探讨

根据生活垃圾焚烧技术中二恶英的生成机理，余热锅炉的烟气在低温区急冷可以避免二恶英在低温区的再次合成，但目前在余热锅炉烟气低温区急冷是不可行的。提出一种从垃圾焚烧系统设计上进行烟气的急冷，从而抑制二恶英低温区二次生成的新方法。     

炉排炉焚烧垃圾过程中主要污染物的控制

概述了二恶英、重金属、酸性气体、灰渣等垃圾焚烧的主要污染物，以二段式（往复）焚烧炉为例，介绍了炉排炉焚烧处理工艺和污染控制设备。提出通过控制垃圾焚烧条件、尾气处理以及吸附等方法，可以有效控制二恶英类污染物的排放；重金属的控制可以用除尘器或使用相应的吸附剂处理；采用较为成熟的烟气处理技术，可以控制处理酸性气体；灰渣可采用固化稳定化或酸提取法处置。     

双碱法脱硫工艺改进及脱硫塔设计分析

改进优化传统双碱法烟气脱硫工艺，对脱硫塔及附属设施设计要点进行分析，在山西某化工厂2×55t/h三废炉烟气脱硫工程中得到较好运用，为同类烟气脱硫工程提供参考。     

On-site remediation of PCB contamination using transportable incineration systems

Many Superfund or hazardous waste sites prove to be excellent candidates for remediation using transportable incineration. Transportable incineration has been selected as the alternative of choice to remediate numerous sites throughout the United States. There are a number of firms that provide mobile and transportable incineration equipment and services. A variety of treatment systems are available, including rotary kilns, fluidized beds, and infrared incinerators. Roy F. Weston, Inc., has been instrumental in the development, design, permitting, construction, performance testing, and operation of hazardous and toxic waste thermal treatment systems. Weston owns and operates two high-temperature transportable incineration systems (TISs). The first system is Weston's seven-ton-per-hour (tph) TIS-5. The second is the TIS-20, with a design capacity of up to 30 tph. These units are typical rotary kiln incinerators, the most flexible, adaptable type of incineration unit. This article discusses Weston's use of these incinerators to remediate soils at sites contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).     

LCA to choose among alternative design solutions: The case study of a new Italian incineration line

At international level LCA is being increasingly used to objectively evaluate the performances of different Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) management solutions. One of the more important waste management options concerns MSW incineration. LCA is usually applied to existing incineration plants.In this study LCA methodology was applied to a new Italian incineration line, to facilitate the prediction, during the design phase, of its potential environmental impacts in terms of damage to human health, ecosystem quality and consumption of resources. The aim of the study was to analyse three different design alternatives: an incineration system with dry flue gas cleaning (without- and with-energy recovery) and one with wet flue gas cleaning. The last two technological solutions both incorporating facilities for energy recovery were compared. From the results of the study, the system with energy recovery and dry flue gas cleaning revealed lower environmental impacts in relation to the ecosystem quality.As LCA results are greatly affected by uncertainties of different types, the second part of the work provides for an uncertainty analysis aimed at detecting the extent output data from life cycle analysis are influenced by uncertainty of input data, and employs both qualitative (pedigree matrix) and quantitative methods (Monte Carlo analysis).     

The benefits of flue gas recirculation in waste incineration

Flue gas recirculation in the incinerator combustion chamber is an operative technique that offers substantial benefits in managing waste incineration. The advantages that can be obtained are both economic and environmental and are determined by the low flow rate of fumes actually emitted if compared to the flue gas released when recirculation is not conducted. Simulations of two incineration processes, with and without flue gas recirculation, have been carried out by using a commercial flowsheeting simulator. The results of the simulations demonstrate that, from an economic point of view, the proposed technique permits a greater level of energy recovery (up to +3%) and, at the same time, lower investment costs as far as the equipment and machinery constituting the air pollution control section of the plant are concerned. At equal treatment system efficiencies, the environmental benefits stem from the decrease in the emission of atmospheric pollutants. Throughout the paper reference is made to the EC legislation in the field of environmental protection, thus ensuring the general validity in the EU of the foundations laid and conclusions drawn henceforth. A numerical example concerning mercury emission quantifies the reported considerations and illustrates that flue gas recirculation reduces emission of this pollutant by 50%.     

Feasibility of a monitoring system for detecting changes in dioxin concentrations of both in flue gas and fly ash in incineration plants

Surrogate measurements should be low in cost and quick to perform. To examine its feasibility, continuous surrogate monitoring was performed using an organic halogen compound (OHC) analyzer. Surrogates for dioxins (DXNs) from waste incinerators were examined by changing the operating conditions such as the atomized volume of activated carbon added and the temperature at the inlet of the dust collector. OHCs were measured along with DXNs in flue gas at the inlet and the outlet of the dust collector of two waste incinerators over five runs; the fly ash was sampled at the same time. Although the final flue gas concentration of DXNs at the incineration plants was below the regulation criteria, this does not mean complete reduction of DXNs. In addition, the de novo synthesis of DXNs inside the dust collectors was studied by analyzing the mass balance for DXNs concentrations in flue gas and fly ash. Semivolatile chlorinated organic compound concentrations at the outlet of the bag filter were basically well correlated with DXNs levels at the inlet of the bag filter in the test runs. When advanced flue gas treatment is applied by using a bag filter and lime/activated carbon adsorbent, DXNs that may be generated during flue gas cooling processes move to the fly ash, and this amount determines the mass balance of the entire system. It may be useful to monitor surrogate organic halogens for detecting changes in DXN concentrations of both flue gas and fly ash in incineration plants.     

选择性催化还原烟气脱硝技术在玉环电厂4×1000MW机组上的应用

以华能玉环电厂4×1000MW机组增设烟气选择性催化还原法（SCR）脱硝装置的技术改造为例，简要介绍了玉环电厂原机组增加SCR脱硝系统的工艺构成和流程特点、设计参数、总体布置，并对该工程中相关设备的改造进行了描述，为我国大型燃煤机组的脱硝改造工程提供参考。     

Characterization of PCDD/Fs and heavy metals from MSW incineration plant in Harbin

The characterization of PCDD/Fs and heavy metals in the flue gas and fly ash of Harbin municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration plant, located in the northeast of China, was investigated in this study. The MSW was treated in a twin internal fluidized (TIF) bed incinerator. The results indicate that the emission of PCDD/Fs into the environment is 0.02 ng I-TEQ/m3 and the level of PCDD/Fs in the fabric filter fly ash is 0.7982 ng I-TEQ/g. The leachability levels of Pb, Cd and Hg in the fly ash are below the limits of environmental protection standard in China. However, the contents of Cu, Zn, and Hg are high in the fly ash. This suggests that the fly ash is a hazardous waste that requires special treatment and disposal. The practice of more than four years of operation shows that the TIF bed incinerator is very suitable and practical for China.