炼油外排废水回用试验

针对某炼油厂的废水场二沉池出水,先后采用曝气生物滤池和超滤工艺进行深度处理.试验结果表明,在曝气生物滤池中投加专性微生物菌种、曝气生物滤池HRT为2h、COD去除负荷为0.36 kg/( m3·d)、超滤膜通量为50L/(m2·h)的条件下,出水中的ρ(油)为0.8 mg/L、COD为57 mg/L、ρ(氨氮)为0.2 mg/L.出水水质达到Q/SH0104-2007《炼化企业节水减排考核指标与回用水质控制指标》,可回用于循环水的补水.     

Fenton试剂氧化—曝气生物滤池工艺深度处理制药废水

采用Fenton试剂氧化—曝气生物滤池组合工艺对某制药厂常规生化处理后的废水进行深度处理.实验结果表明,Fenton试剂氧化的适宜操作条件为pH=5,ρ(H2O2)∶COD=1.5、n(H2O2)∶n(Fe2+)=2,反应时间为60min.经氧化处理后的废水再进入曝气生物滤池进行生化处理,最终出水COD小于80 mg/L,色度小于10倍,处理效果良好.     

臭氧氧化—曝气生物滤池联合工艺处理低温高浓度苯酚废水

采用臭氧氧化—曝气生物滤池( BAF)联合工艺处理低温高浓度苯酚模拟废水.应用Design - Expert 7.1设计系统对臭氧氧化高浓度苯酚模拟废水进行了参数优化.实验结果表明:在低温(5 ～ 10℃)、臭氧加入量为0.67 g/L、进水pH为9.85的条件下,臭氧氧化出水苯酚质量浓度为1 237.6 mg/L,苯酚去除率为38.12％；臭氧氧化后的废水经调节pH至7.00 ～8.00后进入BAF,经BAF处理后的出水苯酚质量浓度小于0.5 mg/L.该工艺操作简单,处理效果稳定,出水水质达到GB8978-1996《污水综合排放标准》.     

臭氧氧化—曝气生物滤池处理含高浓度硝基苯类化合物废水

采用臭氧氧化—曝气生物滤池联用处理实际生产中排放的含硝基苯类化合物废水。实验结果表明:臭氧氧化过程可破坏硝基苯类化合物的苯环结构,显著提高有机物的可生物降解性;单独采用臭氧氧化法,在臭氧氧化柱进水pH为9、臭氧加入量为200m g/L的条件下,硝基苯类化合物的去除率可达98%;采用臭氧氧化—曝气生物滤池联用处理含高浓度硝基苯类化合物废水,COD去除率可达80%以上,处理后废水COD稳定在50m g/L以下。     

生物滤池处理炼油厂废水

采用活性炭、沸石、建筑陶粒及工程陶粒等作为生物滤池填料,考察了生物滤池对炼油厂废水中COD、NH_3-N、浊度的去除效果。实验结果表明,最佳的工艺条件为:水力停留时间1.5 h,进水有机负荷0.74～1.85 kg/(m~3·d),曝气量0.29 L/min。工程陶粒对COD和NH_3-N的去除效果最好,且出水浊度能达到废水回用标准,可作为生物滤池的填料。     

新型曝气生物滤池填料的研制及性能分析

以广西膨润土为原料制备新型曝气生物滤池填料。将质量分数分别为65％，3％，12％，20％的膨润土、黏结剂、造孔剂和钠化剂混合，用水调匀后经钠化、成型、干燥、煅烧后制成粒径为4～7mm、堆密度为0．7g／mL的球形膨润土多孔填料。在煅烧时间4h、煅烧温度500℃的条件下，该填料具有较高的机械强度和较好的耐水性。生物挂膜实验结果表明，该填料具有较强的吸附性能和阳离子交换性能，运行30d后对COD的去除率达到80％以上，对NH，-N的去除率达到87％以上。该填料生产工艺简单，成本低廉，具有广阔的市场前景，也为国内对膨润土的开发和利用提出了一个新的研究课题。     

生物接触氧化法处理环氧乙烷生产废水

本文介绍了采用生物接触氧化法处理氯醇法环氧乙烷废水的中试结果。试验中选择了适宜的PH、曝气强度、负荷和温度等运行条件,并为大型处理装置提供了设计依据。试验结果表明,采用生物接触氧化法处理氯醇法环氧乙烷废水是个技术上可行的方法,具有处理效果良好、不会产生污泥膨胀、驯化及挂膜简单和运行管理方便等优点。     

低温对MBBR、SBR深度处理废水出水水质的影响

比较了低温和常温下移动床生物膜反应器(MBBR)与 SBR 深度处理低浓度废水的出水水质,研究了低温对反应器出水 COD、运行温度、DO、出水 pH、出水蛋白质质量浓度的影响.实验结果表明:相同曝气和环境温度条件下,MBBR 比 SBR 的运行温度高 0.5-1.5 ℃,受环境温度影响更小;与常温相比,低温反应器内 D...     

隔离曝气生物反应器处理含硫含酚碱渣

采用隔离曝气生物反应器（简称反应器）处理含硫含酚碱渣（简称碱渣），探讨了碱渣中硫化物的去除机理．研究了反应器中的挂膜驯化过程，考察了水力停留时间、气水体积比（简称气水比）及反冲洗周期等对碱渣中硫化物、挥发酚、COD和油等污染物处理效果的影响。实验结果表明，在碱渣处理量为1m^3／h、气水比为36：1、水力停留时间为12．0h，反冲洗周期为3～5d的条件下，经过隔离曝气生物氧化工艺处理后碱渣的COD、硫化物、油和挥发酚的去除率分别为88％，99％，89％，85％，出水BOD，约为30mg／L，BOD，／COD小于0．1，处理1t碱渣的产泥量为0．17～0．26kg。     

曝气生物滤池中滤料的应用研究进展

介绍了曝气生物滤池的工作原理和生物滤料的性能；重点综述了无机滤料的分类、滤料的改性和复合陶粒生物滤料的应用情况，并对双层滤料工艺进行了讨论；指出今后应加强生物膜在滤料上的生存特征及适应性的研究，以便寻求能改善滤料性能的新工艺和方法。     

曝气生物滤池效能关键影响因素研究进展

曝气生物滤池（BAF）是一种新型的生物氧化处理工艺，已被广泛应用于城市废水处理、中水回用及微污染源水的预处理。详细论述了目前国内外对BAF效能的关键影响因素，如填料、水力停留时间、进水底物、水温、曝气量与进水量比、反冲洗工艺、化学除磷药剂等的研究现状，并探讨了其今后的研究方向。     

曝气生物滤池在大港油田污水处理中的应用

介绍了曝气生物滤池（BAF）在大港油田港东污水处理厂的应用，分析了污水处理系统试运中水质不稳的原因。通过调整运行参数。使污水处理系统出水水质达到COD〈55mg／l，氧氯〈10mg／l，浊度〈40NTU，满足超滤系统进水水质标准。     

免烧结粉煤灰陶粒BAF对乙烯化工废水的深度处理效果

以粉煤灰为主要原料制备了免烧结粉煤灰陶粒，并将其作为曝气生物滤池(BAF)的填料用于深度处理乙烯化工厂二级生化出水。实验结果表明，在平均进水COD为54.62mg/L、平均SS为33.93mg/L、平均ρ(NH3-N)为1.33mg/L的条件下，自制免烧结粉煤灰陶粒BAF平均COD去除率为57.14%，平均SS去除率为68.64%，平均NH3-N去除率为74.89%，均略高于普通商业陶粒BAF。自制免烧结粉煤灰陶粒BAF最佳反冲洗周期为2d，并具有反冲洗耗水量小、反冲洗效果好的优势。     

Edible,Antioxiadant Films from Ultrasonically Extracted Plantago psyllium Seed Husk Flour Mucilage

Journal of Polymers and the Environment - In this study ultrasonic assisted extraction was applied to obtain film forming mucilage from Plantago psyllium seed husk flour. The ultrasonically...     

双亲型清水剂处理油田含聚污水

考察了双亲型清水剂QS-03对油田含聚污水处理效果的影响因素,并对其作用机理进行了分析。实验结果表明:当清水剂QS-03的亲水性与亲油性功能基团的摩尔比为2∶1、清水剂加入量大于等于200 mg/L时,处理后污水澄清透明,污水含油量由4 540 mg/L大幅降至26~45 mg/L;在处理温度为50~80℃和污水含油量为3 200~5 800 mg/L的范围内,清水剂QS-03均表现出良好的清水效果,生成的絮体呈松散状,具有良好的流动性。机理分析结果表明,双亲型清水剂QS-03可有效破坏油-水界面双电层、降低界面膜强度,并且与污水中阴离子聚合物的相互作用大幅减弱,因而在高效清水除油的同时可有效避免含聚污水处理中的黏性"含聚油泥"问题。     

Biodegradability of Chemically Modified Starch (RS4)/PVA Blend Films: Part 2

Biodegradable films were successfully prepared by using cornstarch (CS), chemically modified starch (RS4), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), glycerol (GL), and citric acid (CA). The physical properties and biodegradability of the films using CS, RS4, and additives were investigated. The results of the investigation revealed that the RS4-added film was better than the CS-added film in tensile strength (TS), elongation at break (%E), swelling behavior (SB) and solubility (S). Especially, the RS4/PVA blend film with CA as an additive showed physical properties superior to other films. Furthermore, when the film was dried at low temperature, the properties of the films clearly improved because the hydrogen bonding was activated at low temperature. The biodegradation of films was carried out using the enzymatic, microbiological and soil burial test. The enzyme used in this study was amyloglucosidase (AMG), α-amylase (α-AM) and β-amylase (β-AM). At the enzymatic degradation test, the GL-added films had an approximately 60% degradation, while the CA-added films were degraded about 25%. The low degradation value on CA-added film is attributed to low pH of film added CA that deactivated the enzymatic reaction. The microbiological degradation teat was performed by using Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus niger.     

Novel Biodegradable Cast Film from Carbon Dioxide Based Copolymer and Poly(Lactic Acid)

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC) blends with different levels of chain extender were prepared and cast into films. The effect of chain extender on the mechanical, thermal and barrier properties of the films were investigated. With the inclusion of the chain extender, the compatibility and interfacial adhesion between the two polymer phases were significantly improved by a mean of forming a PLA–chain extender–PPC copolymer. Reactions between the chain extender, PLA and PPC were observed through FTIR study. SEM study also confirmed the improved compatibility and interfacial adhesion. The elongation at break of the compatibilized film with optimal amount of chain extender showed dramatic increase by up to 1940 %. DSC studies revealed that chain extender hindered the crystallization of the film which explained the decrease in both water and oxygen barrier when adding chain extender. PLA was found to be able to enhance both oxygen and water barrier of the blend as compared to neat PPC, while in the case of the blend with chain extender, oxygen and water barrier properties exhibited reduction at the beginning. However, when increasing chain extender concentration, these two barrier performance exhibited an upward trend. It was found that PLA/PPC blend showed much better oxygen barrier property than both parent polymers, which can be ascribed to the acceleration effect of PPC on the crystallization of PLA.     

Properties of Starch/PVA Blend Films Containing Citric Acid as Additive

Starch/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) blend films were prepared successfully by using starch, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), glycerol (GL) sorbitol (SO) and citric acid (CA) for the mixing process. The influence of mixing time, additional materials and drying temperature of films on the properties of the films was investigated. With increase in mixing time, the tensile strength (TS), elongation (%E), degree of swelling (DS) and solubility (S) of the film were equilibrated. The equilibrium for TS, %E, DS and S value was 20.12 MPa, 36.98%, 2.4 and 0.19, respectively. The mixing time of equilibrium was 50 min. TS, %E, DS and S of starch/PVA blend film were examined adding glycerol (GL), sorbitol (SO) and citric acid (CA) as additives. At all measurement results, except for DS, the film adding CA was better than GL or SO because hydrogen bonding at the presence of CA with hydroxyl group and carboxyl group increased the inter/intramolecular interaction between starch, PVA and additives. Citric acid improves the properties of starch/PVA blend film compared to glycerol and sobitol. When the film was dried at low temperature, the properties of the films were clearly improved because the hydrogen bonding was activated at low temperature.     

Mechanical Properties with the Functional Group of Additives for Starch/PVA Blend Film

This paper deals with the mechanical properties and degree of swelling (DS) of starch/PVA blend film with the functional groups i.e., hydroxyl and carboxyl group, of additives. Starch/PVA blend films were prepared by using the mixing process. Glycerol (GL) with 3 hydroxyl group, sorbitol (SO) with 6 hydroxyl group, succinic acid (SA) with 2 carboxyl group, malic acid (MA) with 1 hydroxyl and 2 carboxyl group, tartaric acid (TA) with 2 hydroxyl and 2 carboxyl group and citric acid (CA) with 1 hydroxyl and 3 carboxyl group were used as additives. The results of measured tensile strength (TS) and elongation (%E) verified that both hydroxyl and carboxyl group as a functional groups increased the flexibility and strength of the film. Values of DS for GL-added and SA-added films were low. However, DS values of the films added MA, TA or CA with both hydroxyl and carboxyl group were comparatively high. When the film was dried at low temperature, the properties of the films were evidently improved. The reason is probably because the hydrogen bonding was activated at low temperature.