关于环境影响评价中公众参与的探讨

对影响公众参与有效性的因素作了初步探讨，提出了提高环境影响评价中公众参与有效性的方法：即加强环保宣传，强化公众参与意识，完善环境影响评价职业准则，选择合理的公众，选择科学的公众参与时间，设计科学的公众参与步骤以及加强法律保障。     

浅谈环境影响评价中的公众参与

环评中实行公众参与不仅是环评本身的需要，同时也是现阶段我国民主制度的体现。对环评中公众参与的产生、发展、与可持续发展的关系、国内外公众参与的现状、国内环评中公众参与存在的问题进行了探讨，并对环评中实行公众参与提出了几点建议。     

建设项目竣工环保验收中公众参与的探讨

建设项目竣工环境保护验收是我国环境保护管理的重要手段。阐述了建设项目竣工环境保护验收中公众参与的法律和制度基础，竣工环保验收中公众参与不仅能维护公众的环境权益，为竣工环保验收“三同时”制度的执行提供可靠依据，还可以推动环保行政主管部门决策的民主化、科学化。研究了竣工环保验收中公众意见调查的现状及存在的问题，提出加强和规范建设项目竣工环保验收公众参与的建议。     

垃圾电站二噁英处理方法

针对公众对二噁英的关注使得垃圾发电厂建设受阻的问题，从其性质、产生过程等方面进行了论述。并较详细地介绍了二噁英的处理方法。     

输变电建设项目环境影响评价的认识与实践

结合输变电环境影响评价工作实践，从输变电环评的法律、法规出发，阐述了输变电环评工作的重点内容，在此基础上论述了输变电建设项目环评中应执行的法律、法规、产业政策与清洁生产、规划相符性、环境功能区划、公众参与等“6＋2”原则，并结合实践进行了分析，提出了输变电建设项目环境影响评价中应注意的环境保护目标、公众参与等主要问题。     

规划环境影响评价中公众参与方法实践与探讨

规划环评是我国环评领域的一个新方向，公众参与是规划环评中的一个重要组成部分。从实践出发，以浙江省2010年电力发展规划及2020年展望的能源类规划环评为案例，对专项规划环评的公众参与作了初步探讨。并提出了提高专项规划环境影响评价公众参与有效性的建议。     

输变电工程建设的环保要求及其变化趋势分析

从环境敏感区的保护、公众参与、土地占用、施工期环境影响、景观协调性等方面对输变电工程规划、设计和建设过程中的环保要求以及变化趋势进行了较为全面的分析,对输变电工程规划、选址、选线、施工阶段等环节提出环境保护方面的意见和建议.     

核文化泛众化传播的SWC模型构建研究

在核文化建设的过程中，提高公众对核电发展的认知度，即核文化泛众化，是一项复杂而艰巨的任务。根据核文化的特点，探讨了核文化泛众化传播的SWC模型，即“主体一方式一内容”一体化模型，目的是通过社会、政府、行业和企业四种传播主体，借助媒体宣传、政府主导、行业推动和教育普及等传播方式，对核电优势、核电技术、核电安全和核电科普等内容进行传播，以提高公众对核电发展的认可度，为核电发展创造良好的文化氛围。     

韩国垃圾管理及分类制度对我国的启示

对韩国垃圾管理的相关法律体系进行了详细梳理,从垃圾的投放规定、法定垃圾袋制度以及垃圾回收的监督管理体制等角度,对韩国的垃圾分类制度进行了具体剖析,在此基础上提出了要规范我国的垃圾分类工作、改善目前我国的垃圾分类回收状况,应从加强法律体系建设、完善垃圾回收的基础建设、改革卫生费相关制度、加大监督与处罚力度、提高公众参与度以及加大公众教育投入等几个方面入手。     

化学品环境无害化管理的国际发展趋势

概述了化学品环境无害化管理的内涵;从国际环境公约、危险化学品立法、清洁生产、产品绿色化、企业的责任关怀以及公众知情参与等方面概述了化学品环境无害化管理的国际发展趋势;对加强我国化学品环境无害化管理提出了对策建议.     

The Media Politics of Oil Spills

This paper considers the ways in which news values shape the reporting of oil spills and the constraints under which media practitioners work. A series of oil spills since the late 1960s [including the Torrey Canyon (1967), the Exxon Valdez (1989), and the Sea Empress (1996)] have attracted considerable attention from the news media. The focus is upon the dynamics through which news sources, with their own particular vested interests, compete to secure representation of the issues. Media discourse on risk and the environment is, to a significant extent, a discourse dependent upon the voices of official “experts”. Environmental organizations, industry, scientists and government offer their own particular competing accounts of the “reality” of the situation. Issues concerning differential access to the news media are crucial when considering who comes to define the event. Accordingly, the article examines the strategies adopted by the various news sources involved in influencing the symbolic representation of public issues.Media practitioners are faced with great problems in interpreting and explaining these competing claims. Relatively few journalists and broadcasters have a scientific training and perhaps one of the greatest problems is that by simplifying complex scientific information one inevitably distorts it. Frequently researchers make the assumption that it is possible to demonstrate a direct causal link between news media coverage and public attitudes. However, the paper calls for great caution in interpreting “public opinion” concerning environmental issues and concludes by arguing that news media representations may more usefully be viewed as the outcome of a battle among a selective range of news sources, each seeking to provide their own definition of the public representation of the issues.     

What is waste? To whom?--An anthropological perspective on garbage.

What is waste? To whom?--An anthropological perspective on garbage explores the fact that what constitutes waste is a highly subjective notion. In Tacna, Peru, the place from where this article draws its empirical material, waste is not only seen as a risk to public health and the environment. Some find it is a mere aesthetic inconvenience, for others it is the only source of income. Yet another way of perceiving waste is as a social contagion, in which the negative qualities of garbage are transmitted to surrounding people in the eyes of others. Such perceptions of waste, it is argued, are important parts of local waste management systems, and the understanding of such perceptions might increase the effectiveness of waste management campaigns.     

Communication at inactive hazardous waste sites

The remediation of inactive hazardous waste sites frequently involves a protracted negotiation with the respective state or federal agency and the entity responsible for creating the site and paying the costs. At orphaned sites, decisions are made almost exclusively by agency staff. Most of remedial decisions are made with little input or participation by the interested public. The public usually receives information in a highly technical and difficult-to-understand format after decisions are made. This ineffective form of communication can lead to mistrust and delays or changes in the remediation process. Effective public participation requires multidirectional modes of communication that provide for active and full involvement by all interested parties. At the present time, most agencies pay minimal attention to the needs of the interested public, often leaving area residents suspicious and dissatisfied with the overall program. There is an opportunity to significantly improve the public participation component of the federal Super-fund program through reauthorization. Subtle changes in the program can result in a significant increase of the public's sense of participation and overall satisfaction.     

Risk communication as a key component of a successful remediation project

Decisions made during the course of investigating and remediating a contaminated site, as well as the technology used, are most often driven exclusively by physical, technical, and health-based concerns. Additionally, in both determining and managing the potential risks posed by a remediation project, the focus tends to be placed primarily on health risks. However, a contaminated site and its remediation are neither static over time nor do they exist in a vacuum. Other elements of risk associated with the site and remedial activities include continuing regulatory oversight and compliance, public and agency relations, remedial technology costs, current and future land-use issues, and future technological/regulatory risks. Agencies, consultants, contractors, and facility management must consider these other non-health-related elements of risk. Additionally, efforts made to communicate a project's decisions, technologies, and risks are often made in a defensive or reactive posture, resulting in ineffective communication and an alienated, angry, or distrustful public. Proactive risk communication, as well as public involvement in the remedial process, are critical to the success of any remedial activity.     

输变电工程的环境保护

论述了我国输变电工程环境保护评价体系，分析了输变电工程施工期和运行期的环境影响，提出了输变电工程各阶段环境保护措施，对今后进一步做好输变电工程环境保护工作提出建议。     

Oil Spills and the Social Amplification and Attenuation of Risk

The news media and environmental groups are frequently blamed for public overreaction to unfortunate events like major oil spills; an example of the social amplification of risk. A disconnect between public views regarding spill consequences and necessary remedies on the one hand, and expert opinion on these same questions on the other, is a frequently identified consequence of this social amplification. A more comprehensive examination of the ways in which scientific messages can fail to inform the public or to rationalize public policy suggests however that a more complex phenomenology is at work. Perceived risks can be attenuated as well as amplified, and many organizations besides the news media contribute to the shaping of public risk attitudes. As a result, social and political questions of blame can prove difficult to disentangle from scientific questions of impact. Both social amplification and social attenuation of messages about the risks of oil production and transport are evident in public responses to the Exxon Valdez spill, and both continue to affect the debate about oil production and its transport by sea today. Oil-spill science has had mixed success in modulating these risk concerns, as the conduct of oil-spill science has itself felt the effects of risk amplification and attenuation. Because these difficulties are bound up in questions of social trust, institution building is seen as the best long-term strategy for redress. The Prince William Sound Regional Citizen’s Advisory Council offers a hopeful example that such institution building can occur, given sufficient motivation, resources and the means and time for diverse interests to develop a shared vision of the risks to be addressed.     

Cleanup levels for dioxin-contaminated soils

EPA's use of a 1 part per billion (ppb) level for dioxin contamination in residential soils is shown to be too high and not protective of public health. It was derived in a 1984 cancer risk assessment by another federal agency, but it is inconsistent with risk-based levels of 2 to 4 parts per trillion (ppt) obtained by using EPA's standard risk assessment methods. EPA has called the 1 ppb level a policy-based level, which correctly distinguishes it from a risk or health-based cleanup standard. The 1984 assessment is shown in this article to have considerable shortcomings. For over a decade, dioxins have been left in soils at levels posing health risks and sometimes at levels that EPA is legally required to address. Moreover, noncancer effects have been ignored, but recent work has shown them to support action at low ppt levels. To protect public health, be consistent with current scientific knowledge and other EPA policies, reduce confusion in the environmental management community, and be responsive to public demands for stringent dioxin cleanups, new EPA policy guidance for dioxin soil cleanups is needed, and key elements are presented in this article. In an ad hoc fashion, EPA Region 4 has recently used a 200 ppt dioxin cleanup level for residential soil, acknowledged to correspond to a one-in-ten-thousand cancer risk, at two Superfund sites, which environmental professionals should be aware of. This suggests a shift in EPA policy.     

餐厨废弃油脂处理管理和资源化利用探讨

“地沟油”的不当处理不仅影响城市水环境,而且威胁着人们的身体健康。餐厨废弃油脂的管理已经成为广受关注的食品安全的重大问题。介绍了餐厨废弃油脂处理管理的重要意义,并对上海的管理实践和经验进行了分析总结,提出了对餐厨废弃油脂回收处理管理和资源化利用的若干建议。     

石油钻井行业清洁生产评价体系研究

新疆地处干旱区,生态环境脆弱,就油田开发生产而言,会产生污水、废渣、落地油处理和原油回收等技术问题。钻井过程为整个石油开发过程中最重要、最复杂、施工作业时间较长、能耗最大的关键生产环节,使用的钻井液和产生的泥浆都会对环境产生污染。选取钻井作业进行分析,建立一套适合油田钻井行业特点,具有科学性、系统性、激励性、规范性,且符合当前环境管理水平的清洁生产评估指标体系,对于当前石油勘探开发行业推进实施清洁生产具有十分重要的意义。