走出国门：可回收利用废塑料进口企业的最佳选择

近年来,我国的可回收利用废塑料进口企业面临困境,国际贸易企业进口困难,致使使用厂缺乏原料.论述了废塑料回收加工企业前往国外产地办厂的必要性和可行性,分析了我国业内企业走出国门的优势,并对废塑料的收集和加工品种、成本核算、采购目标等方面提出建议.     

我国废塑料回收利用技术的发展

从我国废塑料回收利用的现状出发，分析了今后我国废塑料回收利用技术的发展趋势和应采取的措施，指出了废塑料回收利用的重要性。     

我国进口可再生利用废塑料的现状与发展

论述了进口可再生利用废塑料在环保、节能减排等国民经济领域中的重要意义。通过分析统计数据,阐明了我国由于资源匮乏,进口可再生利用废塑料的必要性和迫切性,并简述了我国政府对废塑料进口的监管措施。     

关于发布《进口废塑料环境保护管理规定》的公告

进口废塑料环境保护管理规定 一、适用范围 本规定适用于《限制进口类可用作原料的固体废物目录》中"塑料废碎料及下脚料"类进口废塑料的环境保护管理.特定种类进口废塑料有专门环境保护管理规定的,还应符合专门环境保护管理规定的要求. 二、加工利用企业类型 以下类型之一的企业可以申请进口废塑料加工利用: (一)以PET为原料的化纤类生产企业; (二)塑料制品类生产企业(包括使用废塑料为原料的其他制品类企业);     

进口废塑料清洁程度定量化合格评定方法的探讨

目前国内对进口废塑料清洁程度的合格评定,长期以来一直采取感官检验的定性方法,引起了较多争议.以<进口可用作原料的固体废物环境保护控制标准--废塑料>(GB16487.12)为依据,分析了GB16487.12对进口废塑料清洁程度进行规定的原因,并在此基础上探讨了对进口废塑料清洁程度采取定量化的合格评定原理,提出参照<一般工业固体废物贮存、处置场污染控制标准>(GB18599)和<生活垃圾填埋污染控制标准>(GB16889)对进口废塑料清洁程度制定定量化限量要求,并建议尽快修订现行国家标准<进口可用作原料的固体废物环境保护控制标准--废塑料>.     

发展中国家废塑料再生利用现状

介绍了发展中国家回收利用废塑料的现状,指出废塑料回收利用行业对其保护环境、节能减排、发展经济、增加就业等诸多方面的有利影响.并与我国的现状进行了对比,阐述了与我国相关行业的关系.     

日本容器包装废塑料再生利用现状及对我国的启示

介绍了日本“容器包装再生法”的相关规定和实施过程，以及日本容器包装废塑料的回收、再生利用状况，并借鉴其先进经验，结合我国实际情况，指出发展我国废塑料循环利用的重要性，并提出具体建议措施。     

进口废旧塑料的现场鉴别

废塑料是废物原料的重要组成部分,近年来得到各界广泛的关注和重视。我国废塑料的进口量呈稳步增长的态势,出入境检验检疫部门作为进口废塑料的施检机构,必须了解废旧塑料知识,掌握废旧塑料鉴别的方法技巧,这是响应国家质检总局"科技兴检"战略、不断加强技术执法的必然要求。     

废塑料热解机理及低温热解研究

相对于填埋、焚烧等传统的处理方法,废塑料热解技术不仅可以降低塑料处理过程中对环境的污染,而且可以将废塑料还原成燃料和化学品,从而有效地回收废物资源。但是废塑料热解反应通常需要很高的温度,使得热解法回收废塑料过程变得复杂。分析比较了热解回收废塑料相对于其他方法的优势,并系统地阐述了塑料热降解的机理。在综合国内外研究的基础上提出两种低温热解废塑料的方法:加催化热解和共热解。并利用塑料降解的自由基理论,分析了催化热解和共热解法降低塑料降解温度的机理。     

“一带一路”给废塑料发展带来新机遇

正经济新常态下,"一带一路"的战略无疑为再生塑料行业发展提供了一个大方向,"一带一路"建设不是一个国家的独奏,而是沿线国家的合唱。近几年的环保整顿,再加上2013年"绿篱行动"以来,东南亚地区成为进口料贸易商初加工的最佳选择。国内诸多废塑料企业入驻东南亚,尤其是对毛料及破碎料的初加工,马来西亚、泰国、老挝、越南及印度等在国内废塑料进口方面的地     

中国再生资源产业管理政策体系分析

中国再生资源产业发展离不开国家政策的支持。归类梳理和分析相关政策有利于把握现有政策体系的内在联系,实现整体的政策改进。提出中国现有关于再生资源产业的管理政策可以归纳为5个方面:再生资源回收和利用综合性管理、再生资源回收体系专门管理、环境保护领域固体废弃物管理、资源综合利用和废物进口管理。在此基础上,揭示相关政策间的层次关系和内在联系,并加以综合评价。     

Establishing an integrated databank for plastic manufacturers and converters in Kuwait

During the past decade, plastic solid waste (PSW) has increased drastically in the state of Kuwait, amounting to 13% of the waste load. Most ends up in landfills with only a minor percentage being recycled. In this study, a databank was established to include plastic manufacturers and converters in Kuwait. The aim was to assess the amount of plastic waste being generated from a number of sources. Types, quantities, and recycling information were gathered and fed into the databank. Kuwait was divided into five sectors to ease data gathering. A total of 37 companies and agencies related to plastic were integrated into the work, as well as information from a previously established databank for plastic waste bags. It was noted that most converters of plastic use in-house recycling schemes. Grades of polyethylene and polypropylene, as well as aliginic acid, polyacetals, and poly-styrene, are all considered major imports in the Arabian Gulf market, and especially in Kuwait. These grades possess an import value in excess of 20 million US dollars per year. The conclusions from this study could be used in neighboring countries in order to reduce PSW generated from the region.     

Regional or global WEEE recycling. Where to go?

If we consider Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) management, we can see the development of different positions in developed and developing countries. This development started with the movement of WEEE from developed countries to the developing countries. However, when the consequences for health and the environment were observed, some developing countries introduced a ban on the import of this kind of waste under the umbrella of the Basel Convention, while some developed countries have been considering a regional or global WEEE recycling approach. This paper explores the current movements between Source and Destination countries, or the importers and exporters, and examines whether it is legal and why illegal traffic is still rife; how global initiatives could support a global WEEE management scheme; the recycling characteristics of the source an destination countries and also to ascertain whether the principle of Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) has been established between the different stakeholders involved in WEEE management.Ultimately, the Full Extended Producer Responsibility is presented as a possible solution because the compensation of the environmental capacity for WEEE recycling or treatment could be made by the contribution of extra responsibility; and also generating an uniform standard for processing WEEE in an environmentally sound manner could support the regional or international solution of WEEE and also improve the performance of the informal sector.     

加快发展循环经济 打造一流铜深加工企业

详细介绍山东天圆铜业有限公司为增强企业的竞争力,加快发展循环经济,精心打造高起点、高水平的资源循环利用示范园区和一流的铜加工企业,对企业未来5年打造成为集废旧金属进口、拆解加工、再生铜生产、电解铜生产、高精尖铜材深加工的循环经济产业集团设立目标,为全国城市矿产示范基地的建设提供借鉴。     

Estimation of end of life mobile phones generation: the case study of the Czech Republic

The volume of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) has been rapidly growing in recent years. In the European Union (EU), legislation promoting the collection and recycling of WEEE has been in force since the year 2003. Yet, both current and recently suggested collection targets for WEEE are completely ineffective when it comes to collection and recycling of small WEEE (s-WEEE), with mobile phones as a typical example. Mobile phones are the most sold EEE and at the same time one of appliances with the lowest collection rate. To improve this situation, it is necessary to assess the amount of generated end of life (EoL) mobile phones as precisely as possible. This paper presents a method of assessment of EoL mobile phones generation based on delay model. Within the scope of this paper, the method has been applied on the Czech Republic data. However, this method can be applied also to other EoL appliances in or outside the Czech Republic. Our results show that the average total lifespan of Czech mobile phones is surprisingly long, exactly 7.99 years. We impute long lifespan particularly to a storage time of EoL mobile phones at households, estimated to be 4.35 years. In the years 1990-2000, only 45 thousands of EoL mobile phones were generated in the Czech Republic, while in the years 2000-2010 the number grew to 6.5 million pieces and it is estimated that in the years 2010-2020 about 26.3 million pieces will be generated. Current European legislation sets targets on collection and recycling of WEEE in general, but no specific collection target for EoL mobile phone exists. In the year 2010 only about 3-6% of Czech EoL mobile phones were collected for recovery and recycling. If we make similar estimation using an estimated average EU value, then within the next 10 years about 1.3 billion of EoL mobile phones would be available for recycling in the EU. This amount contains about 31 tonnes of gold and 325 tonnes of silver. Since Europe is dependent on import of many raw materials, efficient recycling of EoL products could help reduce this dependence. To set a working system of collection, it will be necessary to set new and realistic collection targets.     

Life cycle assessment of integrated recycling schemes for plastic containers and packaging with consideration of resin composition

Many life cycle assessment studies have evaluated and compared the environmental performance of various technologies for recycling plastic containers and packaging in Japan and other countries. However, no studies have evaluated the combination of recycling technologies in consideration of the resin composition in terms of the quantity of each recycled product so as to maximize their environmental potential. In this study, 27 scenarios of recycling schemes for household waste plastic containers and packaging are developed through integrating a conventional recycling scheme with additional recycling schemes. The conventional recycling scheme involves municipal curbside collection and either the material recycling or feedstock recycling of waste plastics. The additional recycling schemes are feedstock recycling in steel works of the residue from conventional material recycling processes, and corporate voluntary collection and independent material recycling of specific types of plastic trays. Life cycle assessment based on the modeling of recycling processes considering the resin composition in terms of the quantity of each recycled product is applied to evaluate and compare these scenarios from the viewpoints of fossil resource consumption and CO₂ emission. The results show that the environmental loads are reduced in all scenarios including the additional recycling schemes compared with the conventional recycling scheme. However, the independent plastic tray recycling scheme exhibits lower additional environmental savings when the residue recycling scheme is integrated with the conventional material recycling scheme. This is because both additional recycling schemes aim to utilize polystyrene and polyethylene terephthalate, which would otherwise be incinerated as residue from material recycling processes. The evaluation of the environmental loads of plastic recycling with consideration of the resin composition in terms of the quantity of each recycled product makes it possible to investigate recycling schemes that integrate different technologies to maximize their environmental potential.     

Cross-cultural comparison of concrete recycling decision-making and implementation in construction industry

Waste management is pressing very hard with alarming signals in construction industry. Concrete waste constituents major proportions of construction and demolition waste of 81% in Australia. To minimize concrete waste generated from construction activities, recycling concrete waste is one of the best methods to conserve the environment. This paper investigates concrete recycling implementation in construction. Japan is a leading country in recycling concrete waste, which has been implementing 98% recycling and using it for structural concrete applications. Hong Kong is developing concrete recycling programs for high-grade applications. Australia is making relatively slow progress in implementing concrete recycling in construction. Therefore, empirical studies in Australia, Hong Kong, and Japan were selected in this paper. A questionnaire survey and structured interviews were conducted. Power spectrum was used for analysis. It was found that “increasing overall business competitiveness and strategic business opportunities” was considered as the major benefit for concrete recycling from Hong Kong and Japanese respondents, while “rising concrete recycling awareness such as selecting suitable resources, techniques and training and compliance with regulations” was considered as the major benefit from Australian respondents. However, “lack of clients’ support”, “increase in management cost” and “increase in documentation workload, such as working documents, procedures and tools” were the major difficulties encountered from Australian, Hong Kong, and Japanese respondents, respectively. To improve the existing implementation, “inclusion of concrete recycling evaluation in tender appraisal” and “defining clear legal evaluation of concrete recycling” were major recommendations for Australian and Hong Kong, and Japanese respondents, respectively.     

Comparing urban solid waste recycling from the viewpoint of urban metabolism based on physical input-output model: A case of Suzhou in China

Investigating impacts of urban solid waste recycling on urban metabolism contributes to sustainable urban solid waste management and urban sustainability. Using a physical input-output model and scenario analysis, urban metabolism of Suzhou in 2015 is predicted and impacts of four categories of solid waste recycling on urban metabolism are illustrated: scrap tire recycling, food waste recycling, fly ash recycling and sludge recycling. Sludge recycling has positive effects on reducing all material flows. Thus, sludge recycling for biogas is regarded as an accepted method. Moreover, technical levels of scrap tire recycling and food waste recycling should be improved to produce positive effects on reducing more material flows. Fly ash recycling for cement production has negative effects on reducing all material flows except solid wastes. Thus, other fly ash utilization methods should be exploited. In addition, the utilization and treatment of secondary wastes from food waste recycling and sludge recycling should be concerned.     

建设有中国特色的再生资源回收利用体系

分析了我国再生资源回收利用工作的现状，借鉴发达国家的先进经验，提出建设我国再生资源回收利用体系的基本框架，以及发展我国再生资源产业的政策建议。指出建设具有中国特色的再生资源回收利用体系是推动再生资源产业成为新的经济增长点的前提和保障。     

关于遏制废旧铅酸蓄电池环境污染现象的建议

近几年,我国废旧铅酸蓄电池的回收处理工作取得了很大进展,但由于各种原因引起的环境污染现象仍触目惊心.回收处理废旧铅酸蓄电池提取再生铅,与原生铅相比更节能环保,符合资源回收和循环利用法则.但目前回收和处理市场很不规范,存在严重的环境污染问题,着重讨论用政策引导的方式规范废旧铅酸蓄电池回收处理市场,实现资源节约和环境保护的双重目的.