絮凝-微滤组合工艺处理炼油厂“三泥”水相的研究

采用絮凝剂絮凝和陶瓷膜微滤的组合工艺处理炼油厂“三泥”水相。研究结果表明：絮凝处理可明显降低水相的石油类浓度和COD,将絮凝处理与0．2μm氧化锆膜过滤处理相结合,渗透液的石油类浓度和COD可达到国家排放标准。以絮凝处理后出水的石油类浓度为基准,确定了合适的絮凝剂为3530S,并通过正交试验确定了合适的絮凝处理工艺条件：絮凝剂加入量为70mg／L,絮凝温度为40℃,搅拌时间为90min,静置时间为1．5h。同时,絮凝处理能减轻膜污染,增大膜的渗透通量。考察了操作压力和错流速率对渗透液质量和膜渗透通量的影响,确定了合适的操作条件：操作压力为0．11MPa,错流速率应保证在完全湍流区。     

从稠油罐底泥中回收矿物油

为了回收稠油罐底泥（简称油泥）中的矿物油并提高油泥焚烧系统的处理能力，分析了辽河油泥的特点，对比传统油泥处理方法的优劣，提出了溶剂萃取-离心分离-稠油热废水洗涤-离心分离技术回收矿物油的工艺路线。实验结果表明：该工艺可回收92．07％的矿物油和56．85％的热能；残渣中矿物油的质量分数小于等于2．00％，热值大于等于5000kJ／kg，不需添加辅助燃料即可焚烧处理。     

炼油废水污泥脱水工艺条件的优化

采用化学除油降黏—污泥调理—离心脱水工艺处理某炼油厂废水处理系统的混合污泥，并对工艺条件进行优化。实验结果表明，最佳的工艺条件为：化学除油降黏阶段处理体系的pH=4，反应温度35 ℃，H₂O₂加入量 2 g/L，m（H₂O₂）∶ m（Fe²⁺）=4，反应时间 60 min；污泥调理反应阶段的CaO加入量7.0 g/L；离心脱水阶段在分离因数为1 558时脱水5 min。在此条件下，得到的泥饼的含水率为70.0%~75.0%（w），含油率小于2%（w），污泥比阻约为3.0×10⁷ s²/g。     

折带式真空过滤机—抽气装置在污泥脱水中的应用

本文介绍了折带式真空过滤机-抽气装置用于剩余污泥脱水处理的情况。该装置具有运行稳定、操作简便、安全等特点。经脱水处理后泥饼厚度为6.4毫米,泥饼含水率为83.4％,达到了预期效果,为剩余污泥的处置和利用创造了条件。     

炼油废水污泥脱水工艺条件的优化

采用化学除油降黏—污泥调理—离心脱水工艺处理某炼油厂废水处理系统的混合污泥,并对工艺条件进行优化。实验结果表明,最佳的工艺条件为:化学除油降黏阶段处理体系的pH=4,反应温度35℃,H2O2加入量2 g/L,m(H2O2)∶m(Fe2+)=4,反应时间60 min;污泥调理反应阶段的CaO加入量7.0 g/L;离心脱水阶段在分离因数为1 558时脱水5 min。在此条件下,得到的泥饼的含水率为70.0%~75.0%(w),含油率小于2%(w),污泥比阻约为3.0×107 s2/g。     

依靠科技进步控制环境污染

通过提高干气和液态烃的脱硫效果及提高酸性气体的硫回收率来控制大气的硫污染;通过加强废水汽提效果和完善污水处理场生化处理设施,控制外排废水氨氮总量;通过采用清洁工艺和碱渣回用来减少碱渣产生量和处理量;用焦肉炭塔处理“三泥”来解决“三泥出路。     

利用电场使污泥脱水并大量削减能量消耗的方法

活性污泥处理系统的剩余污泥含有质量分数达99％的水，导致其因过于稀薄而难于运输，但过于浓稠又难于泵送。带式或螺杆式的机械脱水技术仅能使其成为含湿量为85％-88％的泥饼，泥饼还需用锅炉提供的热空气进行干燥，消耗可观的能量。     

罐底油泥特性分析及其除油处理工艺

通过研究罐底油泥的理化性质,开发了适于处理罐底油泥的系列工艺:先采用调质技术提高罐底油泥流动性;再采用超声破乳降低油泥稳定性,改善油泥分离性能;最后采用卧式离心机对油泥进行离心分离处理.在复合型清洗剂加入量为800 mg/L、超声温度为60℃、超声功率为12 kW、超声时间为25 min、离心温度为60℃、絮凝剂加入量为600 mg/L、离心机转速为2200 r/min的条件下,系统稳定运行9d,离心机出口泥中含油率低于2.00％,水中悬浮固体质量浓度低于170 mg/L,达到了对罐底油泥进行除油的目的.     

间歇式活性污泥反应器内短程同步硝化反硝化的研究

以絮状活性污泥为种泥，以模拟城市生活污水为处理废水，在间歇式活性污泥反应器（SBR）内进行污泥的驯化和培养，通过控制运行条件在SBR内成功实现了NO2-N的积累和短程同步硝化反硝化。实验结果表明，NO2-N积累阶段，控制温度（31±1）℃、曝气量40～45L／h、污泥泥龄9—15d，SBR内NO2-N积累率可达95％-96％。培养成熟的好氧颗粒污泥平均粒径为3—5mm，用其进行短程同步硝化反硝化实验，一个反应周期5h结束后SBR出水的COD，NO2-N，TN去除率分别达92％，95％，85％。     

隔油—浮选活性污泥—生物炭工艺处理炼油废水

隔油－浮选－活性污泥－生物炭工艺处理炼油废水隔油－浮选－活性污泥工艺处理含油废水,是我国目前多数炼油厂处理废水的主要方法,俗称“老三套”方法。因为炼油厂废水的成分复杂、含油量高,在实践中逐步暴露出了该工艺的不足,处理后废水中含油量仍较高。河南石油勘探...     

Centrifugal dewatering of blended sludge from drinking water treatment plant and wastewater treatment plant

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - The blended sludge taken from drinking water treatment plant (WTP) and wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) for centrifugal dewatering was proposed....     

高炉瓦斯泥综合利用技术述评

瓦斯泥是高炉副产物,因其中富含锌,直接用于烧结会增加高炉锌负荷。在分析了瓦斯泥的矿物特征的基础上,综述了选矿法、化学浸出法、直接还原法等几种瓦斯泥有价成分的回收利用方法。选矿法根据碳、锌、铁的性质及赋存状态的差异分离各物质,具有工艺简单、成本低的优点,但分离不彻底、回收率低;化学浸出法使锌进入溶液而其他矿物不溶或微溶,分离效果较好,但处理量小,后续处理难度大;直接还原法是在高温下使瓦斯泥中的金属还原,锌蒸发后进入烟气,最终可得到含氧化锌较高的烟尘和含金属铁的脱锌瓦斯泥,该法适应性强、处理量大、分离效果好,是目前应用较为广泛的瓦斯泥处理方法,但其设备投资大。     

膜分离活性污泥法及膜的选择

阐述了膜分离活性污泥法的类型及关键工艺——膜组件的选择方法，并对膜分离活性污泥法在国内外的应用进行了简述。     

Sink–float density separation of post-consumer plastics for feedstock recycling

The paper focuses on current mechanical waste processing technologies and out-of-the-box processes linked to the processing of coal and mineral resources, to ensure high-quality feedstock recycling of polyolefin-rich post-consumer plastic fractions. Moreover, the study aims to provide the basis for the technical and economic feasibility of the chemical recycling route of this plastic fraction. When evaluating common mechanical processes, either dry or wet ones, sink–float separation in a cylindrical centrifugal force separator achieves the best results. It combines the advantages of a simple, robust apparatus of low complexity and high capacity with selective separation through the accelerated settling of particles in the centrifugal field. Furthermore, the disconnection of the separation medium feed from the solid input increases residence times. Based on the above findings, a pilot-scale plant was constructed which consists of a centrifugal force separator and a hydro jig for the pre-separation of heavy waste components. Several test campaigns were conducted to separate polyolefins from various waste fractions. Two-stage processing in the centrifugal force separator rendered almost 90 wt% of polyolefin content in the produced lightweight fraction and of polyolefin recovery. One-stage processing, on the other hand, resulted in reduced polyolefin content in the lightweight fraction.

     

Detection and enumeration of Cryptosporidium sp. oocysts in sewage sludge samples from the city of Florianópolis (Brazil) by using immunomagnetic separation combined with indirect immunofluorescence assay.

In the last few decades, agricultural reclamation of sewage sludge has increased in many countries. However, this practice must be adopted under recommended conditions to limit the risks associated with the presence of potential pathogens, including protozoan parasites such as Cryptosporidium. In the present work, we evaluated immunomagnetic separation (IMS) combined with an indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) in order to detect Cryptosporidium oocysts in sewage sludge samples obtained from the Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant (MWTP) operating in the city of Florianópolis, State of Santa Catarina, Brazil. Integrated application of spontaneous sludge sedimentation and centrifugation of the supernatant, purification and concentration of oocysts through immunomagnetic separation as well as detection and quantification by means of indirect immunofluorescence using highly specific monoclonal antibodies, proved to be an effective multiple-analysis tool for monitoring the presence of Cryptosporidium oocysts in urban sewage sludge samples. Among 27 samples collected from MWTP, 20 (74.07%) were positive for Cryptosporidium sp. The efficiency of recovery by using the internal control ColorSeed (Biotechnology Frontiers Inc., Sydney, NSW, Australia) was medially 39.96 +/- 11.20%. Actually, oocysts were recovered from 100% of the positive samples tested and the number of Cryptosporidium oocysts found in the samples ranged from one to four. These results demonstrated a high recovery rate of Cryptosporidium oocysts in sewage sludge samples by using IMS-IFA analysis. In conclusion, such an approach can be applied to monitor the presence of the parasite and to determine the potential contamination of sludge destined for soil application.     

Recovery of materials from waste printed circuit boards by vacuum pyrolysis and vacuum centrifugal separation

In this research, a two-step process consisting of vacuum pyrolysis and vacuum centrifugal separation was employed to treat waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs). Firstly, WPCBs were pyrolysed under vacuum condition at 600 °C for 30 min in a lab-scale reactor. Then, the obtained pyrolysis residue was heated under vacuum until the solder was melted, and then the molten solder was separated from the pyrolysis residue by the centrifugal force. The results of vacuum pyrolysis showed that the type-A of WPCBs (the base plates of which was made from cellulose paper reinforced phenolic resin) pyrolysed to form an average of 67.97 wt.% residue, 27.73 wt.% oil, and 4.30 wt.% gas; and pyrolysis of the type-B of WPCBs (the base plates of which was made from glass fiber reinforced epoxy resin) led to an average mass balance of 72.20 wt.% residue, 21.45 wt.% oil, and 6.35 wt.% gas. The results of vacuum centrifugal separation showed that the separation of solder was complete when the pyrolysis residue was heated at 400 °C, and the rotating drum was rotated at 1200 rpm for 10 min. The pyrolysis oil and gas can be used as fuel or chemical feedstock after treatment. The pyrolysis residue after solder separation contained various metals, glass fibers and other inorganic materials, which could be recycled for further processing. The recovered solder can be reused directly and it can also be a good resource of lead and tin for refining.     

Impacts of ultrasound on selective leaching recovery of heavy metals from metal-containing waste sludge

Lab synthesized metal-bearing sludge (LSMS) was used in series of designed lab tests to evaluate impacts of ultrasound on selective separation of heavy metals through acid leaching. The tests eliminated the potential of induced bias generated by utilizing field sludge that were produced from different location sources. The results showed that metal pairs of Cu and Fe, Cu and Cr, and Cr and Fe inside LSMS could be practically separated with one metal being contained in a liquid phase and another in a solid phase through acid leaching processes enhanced by ultrasound. With assistance of ultrasound, the acid leaching demonstrated a more efficient segregation between metals within LSMS than a conventional leaching that doesn’t have ultrasonic enhancement, and the tests provided in a generic means that ultrasonically enhanced acid leaching could cost-efficiently recover heavy metals from metal-containing waste sludge.     

电镀污泥中铜和镍的回收

采用硫酸酸浸#x02014;铜镍分离#x02014;净化除杂#x02014;沉淀制取硫酸镍的工艺从电镀污泥中回收铜和镍，分别采用硫化钠沉淀法和铁粉置换法研究电镀污泥酸浸液中铜和镍的分离效果。实验结果表明，硫化钠沉淀法对铜和镍的分离效果较好，其最优工艺条件为：硫化钠加入量为理论需求量的1.2倍，硫化钠沉淀温度60℃，硫化钠沉淀时间30min。利用本回收工艺制得的硫酸镍产品中镍的质量分数为18%，镍的回收率达80%以上，铜的回收率达90%以上。