日本汽车再生利用措施

1998年日本汽车的保有数为7081万辆,每年报废汽车约500万辆,均由汽车经销商100%回收,其中除少部分状态尚好的汽车经检修后以二手车出口外,其余由约5000家汽车解体企业拆解后,按钢铁、有色金属、塑料.橡胶、玻璃等分类回收.约有汽车重量的 75%得到再生利用,此数值高于其它耐用消费品.其余25%的粉碎屑则作为工业废物填埋处理,估计每年达79～80万吨.     

报废汽车资源化产品销售模式研究

报废汽车资源化产品具有巨大的经济、环境和社会效益,符合循环经济发展要求。然而通过何种途径实现报废汽车资源化产品经济价值,更有利于企业自身发展,是报废汽车拆解企业面临的决策问题。提出了经销、直销、电子商务和O2O"线上线下"4种销售模式,并从基本概念、运行基础条件、优缺点及其使用范围等方面进行了定性分析,并从前期投入、规模经济等8个维度进行模式间比较。最后结合我国报废汽车资源化产品自身特性和销售情况,建议未来我国报废汽车资源化产品销售采用O2O模式为主体,其他模式相结合的销售模式。     

日本报废汽车回收、拆解现场管理概述

报废汽车的拆解、加工和再利用是再生资源产业的新领域,但在拆解、加工过程中,往往存在环境污染隐患,因此,建立高效、清洁的拆解流程,对拆解现场进行环境风险控制和管理,对于报废汽车拆解业的可持续发展非常重要。介绍了日本报废汽车回收、拆解现场管理的关键环节和管理方法,为我国报废汽车拆解业提供借鉴。     

湖南万容科技股份有限公司

<正>城乡废弃物资源化利用系统服务商湖南万容科技股份有限公司成立于2006年,注册资本6500万元。公司定位于固体废弃物环保处置与资源化利用领域,致力构建一个集"环保装备研发制造"、"电子废弃物、报废汽车回收拆解"、"产业废弃物、生活垃圾资源化利用"、"金属资源"、"绿色能源"开发于一体的循环经济产业体系。在环保装备制造领域,公司自主研发的"废印制电路板环保处理设备"、"废旧冰箱无害化处理设备""报废汽车破碎及废钢加工一体化设备"、"报废汽车快速解体机"等先后通过国家部级科技成果鉴定,获得"国家信息产业重大技术发明"、     

报废汽车拆解行业回收体系建设难点及对策

报废汽车回收拆解再利用是现代化国家可持续发展的必经之路,"十三五"期间,国家积极推出新政策、新举措支持报废汽车回收拆解行业发展,然而报废汽车拆解回收体系中仍存在较多问题与不足。对现期我国报废汽车拆解行业回收体系现状及其难点进行了探讨,并从政府立法监管强化、回收体系平台完善、生产者责任延伸等不同的角度,提出针对性的发展对策。     

报废汽车回收拆解行业存在的问题与对策探讨

随着汽车报废量的逐年快速增长,规范地回收拆解报废汽车,是促进资源循环利用和保护生态环境的基本要求,也是推进经济与社会绿色、低碳、循环发展的一项重要工作。面对影响行业持续健康发展的诸多问题,有针对性地提出解决问题的对策,以期引起政府主管部门、行业和社会的高度关注,共同采取有效措施,推动报废汽车回收拆解向着产业化经营、资源化利用和无害化处理的方向快速发展,具有重要的现实意义。     

新能源动力电池回收提速

正近日,工信部、商务部、科技部联合发布《关于加快推进再生资源产业发展的指导意见》(以下简称意见),提出到2020年,基本建成管理制度健全、技术装备先进、产业贡献突出、抵御风险能力强、健康有序发展的再生资源产业体系,再生资源回收利用量达到3.5亿t。针对报废机动车,意见指出,推动报废汽车拆解资源化利用装备制造,积极推进发动机及主要零部件再制造,实施再制造产品认定,发布再制造产品技术目录,制定汽车零部件循环使用标准规范,实现报废     

发达国家报废汽车回收利用经验及借鉴

介绍了发达国家回收处理和再生利用报废汽车的管理和技术，提出我国应借鉴发达国家经验，从技术、政策、法规等方面加强报废汽车的再利用工作。     

日本废塑料作为原料再生利用的技术简介

1 废塑料不如废金属作为原料再生利用好的原因 金属报废后作为原料再生利用已广泛在汽车、饮料容器等方面作到广泛应用,而和金属同样做为原材料的塑料报废后作原料再生利用的却很少.如在日本1995年废塑料的再生利用率达 36%时,作为原料再生的仅12%,而且大部是塑料加工过程中产生的废物,包装容器等报废的极少;而同期废金属罐壳作金属原料再生利用的却达70%左右,差距太大.初步分析有以下原因:     

废聚丙烯塑料的回收利用技术

介绍了废聚丙烯塑料能源化的方法(焚烧、无氧及有氧条件下的热分解)与资源化回收利用技术(简单再利用、改性再生利用)，并对国内外相关方面的研究和应用情况进行了报道。     

The development and prospects of the end-of-life vehicle recycling system in Taiwan

Automobiles usually contain toxic substances, such as lubricants, acid solutions and coolants. Therefore, inappropriate handling of end-of-life vehicles (ELVs) will result in environmental pollution. ELV parts, which include metallic and non-metallic substances, are increasingly gaining recycling value due to the recent global shortage of raw materials. Hence, the establishment of a proper recycling system for ELVs will not only reduce the impact on the environment during the recycling process, but it will also facilitate the effective reuse of recycled resources. Prior to 1994, the recycling of ELVs in Taiwan was performed by related operators in the industry. Since the publishing of the “End-of-life vehicle recycling guidelines” under the authority of the Waste Disposal Act by the Environmental Protection Administration (EPA) in 1994, the recycling of ELVs in Taiwan has gradually become systematic. Subsequently, the Recycling Fund Management Board (RFMB) of the EPA was established in 1998 to collect a Collection–Disposal–Treatment Fee (recycling fee) from responsible enterprises for recycling and related tasks. Since then, the recycling channels, processing equipment, and techniques for ELVs in Taiwan have gradually become established. This paper reviews the establishment of the ELV recycling system, analyzes the current system and its performance, and provides some recommendations for future development. The reduction of auto shredder residue (ASR) is a key factor in maximizing the resource recovery rate and recycling efficiency. The RFMB needs to provide strong economic incentives to further increase the recycling rate and to encourage the automobile industry to design and market greener cars.     

Sustainable design for automotive products: Dismantling and recycling of end-of-life vehicles

The growth in automotive production has increased the number of end-of-life vehicles (ELVs) annually. The traditional approach ELV processing involves dismantling, shredding, and landfill disposal. The “3R” (i.e., reduce, reuse, and recycle) principle has been increasingly employed in processing ELVs, particularly ELV parts, to promote sustainable development. The first step in processing ELVs is dismantling. However, certain parts of the vehicle are difficult to disassemble and use in practice. The extended producer responsibility policy requires carmakers to contribute in the processing of scrap cars either for their own developmental needs or for social responsibility. The design for dismantling approach can be an effective solution to the existing difficulties in dismantling ELVs. This approach can also provide guidelines in the design of automotive products. This paper illustrates the difficulty of handling polymers in dashboards. The physical properties of polymers prevent easy separation and recycling by using mechanical methods. Thus, dealers have to rely on chemical methods such as pyrolysis. Therefore, car designers should use a single material to benefit dealers. The use of materials for effective end-of-life processing without sacrificing the original performance requirements of the vehicle should be explored.     

Auto shredder residue recycling: Mechanical separation and pyrolysis

Directive 2000/53/EC sets a goal of 85% material recycling from end-of-life vehicles (ELVs) by the end of 2015. The current ELV recycling rate is around 80%, while the remaining waste is called automotive shredder residue (ASR), or car fluff. In Europe, this is mainly landfilled because it is extremely heterogeneous and often polluted with car fluids. Despite technical difficulties, in the coming years it will be necessary to recover materials from car fluff in order to meet the ELV Directive requirement. This study deals with ASR pretreatment and pyrolysis, and aims to determine whether the ELV material recycling target may be achieved by car fluff mechanical separation followed by pyrolysis with a bench scale reactor. Results show that flotation followed by pyrolysis of the light, organic fraction may be a suitable ASR recycling technique if the oil can be further refined and used as a chemical. Moreover, metals are liberated during thermal cracking and can be easily separated from the pyrolysis char, amounting to roughly 5% in mass. Lastly, pyrolysis can be a good starting point from a "waste-to-chemicals" perspective, but further research should be done with a focus on oil and gas refining, in order both to make products suitable for the chemical industry and to render the whole recycling process economically feasible.     

End-of-Life Vehicles management: Italian material and energy recovery efficiency

Each European Member State must comply with Directive 2000/53/EC recycling and recovery targets by 2015, set to 85% and 95%, respectively. This paper reports a shredder campaign trial developed and performed in Italy at the beginning of 2008. It turns out to be the first assessment about the critical aspects belonging to the Italian End-of-Life Vehicles (ELVs) reverse supply chain involving 18 dismantling plants, a shredder plant and 630 ELV representatives of different categories of vehicles treated in Italy during 2006. This trial aims at improving the experimental knowledge related to ELVs added waste, pre-treatment, part reuse, recycling and final metal separation and car fluff disposal. Finally, the study also focuses on the calculation of the effective Italian ELV recycling rate, which results equal to 80.8%, and auto shredder residue (ASR) characterization. According to the results obtained in this work, ASR still contains up to 8% of metals and 40% of polymers that could be recovered. Moreover, physical-chemical analysis showed a Lower Heat Value of almost 20,000 kJ/kg and revealed the presence of pollutants such as heavy metals, mineral oils, PCBs and hydrocarbons.     

An international comparative study of end-of-life vehicle (ELV) recycling systems

End-of-life vehicles (ELV) have become a global concern as automobiles have become popular worldwide. An international workshop was held to gather data and to discuss 3R policies and ELV recycling systems, their background and present situation, outcomes of related policies and programs, the framework of recycling and waste management, and case studies on related topics in several countries and regions, as well as the essential points of the comparison. Legislative ELV recycling systems are established in the EU, Japan, Korea, and China, while in the US, ELV recycling is managed under existing laws on environmental protection. Since automobile shredding residue (ASR) has a high calorific value and ash content, and includes heavy metals as well as a mass of unclassified fine particles, recycling ASR is considered highly difficult. Countries with a legislative ELV system commonly set a target for recovery rates, with many aiming for more than 95 % recovery. In order to reach this target, higher efficiency in ASR recovery is needed, in addition to material recycling of collectable components and metals. Environmentally friendly design was considered necessary at the planning and manufacturing stages, and the development of recycling systems and techniques in line with these changes are required for sound ELV management.     

Evaluation method of automobile recycling systems for Asia considering international material cycles: application to Japan and Thailand

To examine an appropriate recycling system for end-of-life vehicles (ELVs) from Japan in the context of Asia, an Asian international automobile recycling input-output (AI-ARIO) analysis is presented. The AI-ARIO analysis spatially expands the existing ARIO analysis within the framework of the waste input-output (WIO) analysis developed by Nakamura et al., which considers the interdependence between the flow of goods and wastes in a country. This analysis focuses on the local and global cycles for ELVs in Asia and can evaluate the environmental and economic effects of alternative recycling systems. We estimated the AI-ARIO table for Japan and Thailand and applied it to scenario analyses covering the restriction of ELV trade between the two countries, the introduction of new recycling techniques in Thailand, and centralized treatment in Japan. We verified the applicability and effectiveness of the AI-ARIO analysis through the scenario analyses.     

End-of-life vehicles research development in Malaysia: a comprehensive review with the integrated conceptual model of innovative sustainable manufacturing elements

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - The end-of-life vehicles (ELV) issue has become an essential topic in the fast-growing automotive industry. This study utilizes comprehensive...     

Recycling and pollution control of the End of Life Vehicles in China

The quantity of vehicles has increased rapidly in recent years in China; however, the recycling of End of Life Vehicles (ELV) faces several problems and barriers including the collection difficulty and the environmental pollution caused by improper dismantling. In this paper, based on analysis of the basic situation regarding management and recycling of ELV in China, the ELV flow was introduced, and the potential ELV quantity was estimated. The current management regulations and policies were summarized, and dismantling and pollution control technologies for ELV recycling were introduced, too. It was suggested that with the rapid growth of ELV quantities, more regulations will be enacted, and the recycling network will be more effective; the dismantling technology and pollution control measures will be upgraded, and the recycling and remanufacturing industries will be more combined. The government should pay more attention to improve the management and supervision of, and encourage the development of, high level enterprises.     

Critical enablers and inhibitors for economic sustainability in the supply and demand of end-of-life vehicles in Malaysia: a SWOT analysis

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - End-of-life vehicles (ELV) management is essential for sustainable development and waste minimization. However, the ELV recycling companies are...     

Recycling of non-metallic fractions from waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE): A review

The world’s waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) consumption has increased incredibly in recent decades, which have drawn much attention from the public. However, the major economic driving force for recycling of WEEE is the value of the metallic fractions (MFs). The non-metallic fractions (NMFs), which take up a large proportion of E-wastes, were treated by incineration or landfill in the past. NMFs from WEEE contain heavy metals, brominated flame retardant (BFRs) and other toxic and hazardous substances. Combustion as well as landfill may cause serious environmental problems. Therefore, research on resource reutilization and safe disposal of the NMFs from WEEE has a great significance from the viewpoint of environmental protection. Among the enormous variety of NMFs from WEEE, some of them are quite easy to recycle while others are difficult, such as plastics, glass and NMFs from waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs). In this paper, we mainly focus on the intractable NMFs from WEEE. Methods and technologies of recycling the two types of NMFs from WEEE, plastics, glass are reviewed in this paper. For WEEE plastics, the pyrolysis technology has the lowest energy consumption and the pyrolysis oil could be obtained, but the containing of BFRs makes the pyrolysis recycling process problematic. Supercritical fluids (SCF) and gasification technology have a potentially smaller environmental impact than pyrolysis process, but the energy consumption is higher. With regard to WEEE glass, lead removing is requisite before the reutilization of the cathode ray tube (CRT) funnel glass, and the recycling of liquid crystal display (LCD) glass is economically viable for the containing of precious metals (indium and tin). However, the environmental assessment of the recycling process is essential and important before the industrialized production stage. For example, noise and dust should be evaluated during the glass cutting process. This study could contribute significantly to understanding the recycling methods of NMFs from WEEE and serve as guidance for the future technology research and development.