改性多壁碳纳米管对Pb2+、Cu2+和Co2+的竞争吸附研究

采用HNO3改性的多壁碳纳米管（MWCNTs）分别对Pb^2＋、Cu^2＋和Co^2＋进行吸附，并在含3种离子的混合溶液中进行竞争吸附。单一离子吸附结果表明，在室温、pH=5的条件下，MWCNTs对单一离子的饱和吸附量分别为：Pb^2＋91mg／g；Cu^2＋24mg／g；Co^2＋12mg／g。竞争吸附结果表明，在溶液中各金属离子的平衡质量浓度均为30mg／L时，MWCNTs对Pb^2＋、Cu^2＋和Co^2＋的平衡吸附量分别为43，15，6mg／g。MWCNTs对3种金属离子的吸附选择性大小顺序为：Pb^2＋〉Cu^2＋〉Co^2＋分别用Langmuir和Frundlich模型对单一吸附和竞争吸附进行拟合，结果表明，该吸附过程更符合Langmuir模型。     

改性生物炭对Ni~(2+)和Cu~(2+)的吸附

以废弃松木屑为原料制备了生物炭,采用六亚甲基四胺(HMTA)和/或CO2对其进行改性,并将其用于水中Ni2+和Cu2+的吸附。表征结果显示,以HMTA和CO2共同改性的生物炭BC1的表面积最小但表面含氧官能团含量最高。实验结果表明:生物炭经改性后,其吸附性能明显提高,且以BC1为最优;在不调节溶液p H、初始重金属离子质量浓度为50 mg/L、吸附剂加入量分别为2.0 g/L和1.0 g/L、吸附时间分别为360 min和240 min的优化条件下,BC1对Ni2+和Cu2+的去除率分别达到99.81%和95.88%;改性生物炭对Ni2+和Cu2+的吸附过程可以用Langmuir等温吸附模型来描述,而其吸附动力学具有拟二级动力学方程特征。     

Cu2+-Mn2+-H2O2体系催化氧化降解罗丹明B

研究了Cu2＋-Mn2＋-H2O2体系催化氧化降解染料罗丹明B的效果。实验结果表明，Cu2＋-Mn2＋-H2O2体系的罗丹明B降解率比H2O2体系、Mn2＋-H2O2体系和Cu2＋-H2O2体系有显著提高，反应120rain后罗丹明B降解率接近100％。对于Cu2＋-Mn2＋-H2O2体系，最佳罗丹明B降解条件：溶液pH为5，反应温度为45℃，质量浓度为10mg／L的罗丹明B溶液体积100mL，浓度为0．01mol／L的硫酸铜溶液加入量5．0mL，浓度为0．01moVL的硫酸锰溶液加入量3．0mL，体积分数为30％的H2O2溶液加入量1．5mL。在此条件下罗丹明B降解的反应速率常数最大，为0．04228min-1，其拟合相关系数为0．99912。罗丹明B降解符合一级动力学模型。     

豆渣对水中Cd2+和Zn2+的吸附

研究了新型生物吸附剂豆渣对水中Cd^2＋和Zn^2＋的吸附机制和吸附能力；分析了吸附时间、溶液pH、豆渣质量浓度和重金属离子质量浓度对重金属离子去除效果的影响。豆渣对Cd^2＋和Zn^2＋的吸附过程符合Langmuir等温吸附方程。在Cd^2＋溶液和Zn^2＋溶液的pH分别为6．0和7．0、质量浓度为50mg／L、豆渣质量浓度为10．0g／L的条件下，吸附12h，Cd^2＋和Zn^2＋的去除率分别为96．O％和89．4％。通过Langmuir吸附等温线模拟，得出豆渣对Cd^2＋和Zn^2＋的最大吸附量分别为19．61mg／g和11．11mg／g。     

尿素基纤维的制备及对水中Cu2+和Cd2+的吸附

以棉纤维为原料，经氯化和取代反应，制得尿素基纤维并用于水中Cu^2＋和Cd^2＋的吸附，考察了各种因素对吸附效果的影响。尿素基纤维对Cu^2＋和Cd^2＋的吸附可用Langmuir等温吸附方程描述，吸附过程可看成单层吸附。较佳吸附条件：重金属离子溶液pH为5，流量为7mL／min。用过的尿素基纤维经2mol／L的盐酸洗脱再生后，对Cu^2＋的吸附、解吸、再吸附的性能良好，可重复使用。     

HW型高分子捕集剂处理含铅铜废水

采用聚丙烯酰胺、NH：OH·HCI和NaOH反应合成了HW型高分子捕集剂（简称捕集剂），考察了捕集剂对Ph^2＋，Cu^2＋质量浓度分别为100mg／L的废水的处理效果。研究结果表明：在含Ph^2＋废水pH为6．5～7．0、n（捕集剂）：n（Pb^2＋）：1．6、反应时间为50min的最佳条件下，Ph^2＋去除率达100．00％；在含Cu^2＋废水pH为5．5～6．0、n（捕集剂）：n（Cu^2＋）=1．0、反应时间为60min的最佳条件下，Cu^2＋去除率达99．73％。对Ph^2＋，Cu^2＋质量浓度分别为50mg／L的混合废水，n（捕集剂）：n（Pb^2＋＋Cu^2＋）=1．2时，对Ph^2＋，Cu^2＋的去除率均达到99％以上。捕集剂去除pb^2＋，Cu^2＋的机理为羟肟酸基团与Ph^2＋，Cu^2＋反应生成稳定的螯合物。与中和法沉淀物相比，捕集剂与Ph^2＋，Cu^2＋反应生成的螯合物的Ph^2＋，Cu^2＋浸出量小，具有更好的环境安全性。     

Adsorption characteristics of Cu2+ and Zn2+ from aqueous solution using carbonized food waste

The aim of the present study was to analytically provide adsorption characteristics of Cu²⁺ and Zn²⁺ using carbonized food waste (CFW); more specifically, batch tests were conducted using various concentrations of metal ions, contact times, and initial pH levels in an attempt to understand the adsorption removal of heavy metal ions in aqueous solution at concentrations ranging between 50 and 800 mg/l. The results confirmed that the adsorption equilibrium was established within a maximum of 80 min, and the maximum concentrations for adsorption of Cu²⁺ and Zn²⁺ were 28.3 and 23.5 mg/g, respectively. These adsorption levels indicate that CFW has better performance than many other adsorbents. In experiments using different pH conditions, the applicability to acid wastewater was found to be high, and an excellent adsorption removal ratio of 75%–90% was observed under acid conditions at pH 2–4. Furthermore, as the adsorption time increased, the calcium component in the CFW began to leach into the aqueous solution and raise the pH, accordingly causing the removal of heavy metal ions partially as a result of precipitation. When our results were analyzed using the Langmuir model and the Freundlich model for isothermal adsorptivity, the activity of CFW in this study was shown to be more consistent with the former; the adsorption speed of Cu²⁺ and Zn²⁺ according to a pseudosecond-order reaction model was found to be very fast for an initial concentration of not more than 100 mg/l. In a test in which an attempt was made to compare adsorption capacity values obtained from the experiments in this study with the aforementioned three models, the pseudosecond-order reaction model was found to provide results closest to the actual values.     

壳聚糖吸附废水中铅离子的研究

研究了壳聚糖对废水中Pb2+的吸附特性,考察了壳聚糖溶液加入量、吸附时间及体系pH等条件对壳聚糖吸附溶液中Pb2+效果的影响。当质量分数为0.8%的壳聚糖溶液加入量为0.4 mL、吸附时间为30 m in、体系pH为5~6时,处理浓度为1×10-4mol/L的含Pb2+溶液,Pb2+去除率可达98%;同样条件处理印染废水,Pb2+去除率可达92.6%。     

δ-MnO2的制备及其对水中Cd2+的吸附

利用溶液中MnSO4与KMnO4之间的氧化还原反应制备了δ-MnO2。用透射电镜和BET法对δ-MnO2进行了表征。实验结果表明：δ-MnO2比表面积为324.58m^2/g,孔体积为0.39cm^3/g,孔径为4.82nm。对Cd2＋的吸附实验结果表明：δ-MnO2对Cd2＋具有很强的吸附能力,吸附作用强烈依赖体系的pH,吸附边界pH为2.50;pH为6.05时Cd2＋的吸附率为98.5%。宏观的吸附-解吸热力学实验证明：当pH为3.30时,为可逆吸附;当pH为6.05时,吸附过程存在固体浓度效应,为不可逆吸附。吸附过程主要为一价阳离子的交换吸附。     

钢渣吸附Pb2+的动力学研究

采用批式振荡吸附法研究了钢渣吸附Pb^2＋的动力学。研究结果表明,钢渣吸附Pb^2＋的动力学控制步骤（简称动力学控制步骤）随实验条件的变化而变化：钢渣粒径大于120μm、振荡器转速小于150r/min或Pb^2＋初始质量浓度小于150mg/L时,孔扩散是动力学控制步骤;钢渣粒径小于120μm、振荡器转速大于150r/min或Pb^2＋初始质量浓度大于150mg/L时,表面扩散是动力学控制步骤;钢渣对Pb^2＋的吸附反应是二级反应,其吸附速率为13.26g/（mg.min）。     

Removal of Hg2+ ions by adsorption using (TiO2@MnO2)-NPs nanocomposite

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Waste water contaminated with inorganic mercury is considered a serious environmental problem, mainly due to the hazardous effects this contaminant...     

Removal of Cr6 + and Ni2+ from aqueous solution using bagasse and fly ash

Raw bagasse and fly ash, the waste generated in sugar mills and boilers respectively have been used as low-cost potential adsorbents. Raw bagasse was pretreated with 0.1N NaOH followed by 0.1N CH3COOH before its application. These low-cost adsorbents were used for the removal of chromium and nickel from an aqueous solution. The kinetics of adsorption and extent of adsorption at equilibrium are dependent on the physical and chemical characteristics of the adsorbent, adsorbate and experimental system. The effect of hydrogen ion concentration, contact time, sorbent dose, initial concentrations of adsorbate and adsorbent and particle size on the uptake of chromium and nickel were studied in batch experiments. The Sorption data has been correlated with Langmuir, Freundlich and Bhattacharya and Venkobachar adsorption models. The efficiencies of adsorbent materials for the removal of Cr(VI) and Ni(II) were found to be between 56.2 and 96.2% and 83.6 and 100%, respectively. These results were obtained at the optimized conditions of pH, contact time, sorbent dose, sorbate concentration of 100 mg/l and with the variation of adsorbent particles size between 0.075 and 4.75 mm. The order of selectivity is powdered activated carbon > bagasse > fly ash for Cr(VI) removal and powdered activated carbon > fly ash > bagasse for Ni(II) removal.     

纳米腐植酸基复合树脂的制备及其对Ni~(2+)和Cd~(2+)的吸附

采用水溶液聚合法,以丙烯酸、丙烯酰胺及改性蒙脱土为原料,纳米腐植酸为基体,N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,过二硫酸钾为引发剂,制备了丙烯酸-蒙脱土-丙烯酰胺/纳米腐植酸复合树脂(简称复合树脂)。考察了溶液pH、吸附时间、吸附温度、初始离子浓度等因素对复合树脂分别吸附Ni~(2+)和Cd~(2+)的影响。实验结果表明:在吸附温度35℃、吸附时间90 min、溶液pH为7、初始Ni~(2+)和Cd~(2+)的浓度分别为0.02 mol/L、复合树脂加入量16.7 g/L的条件下,Ni~(2+)和Cd~(2+)的吸附量分别为383.02 mg/g和359.27 mg/g;复合树脂吸附Ni~(2+)和Cd~(2+)的吸附等温线均满足Langmuir等温吸附方程;吸附过程均符合准二级动力学方程;复合树脂重复使用6次,其对Ni~(2+)和Cd~(2+)的吸附量分别降低了17.1%和9.3%。     

沸石-壳聚糖吸附剂吸附废水中的Ni2+

采用沸石-壳聚糖吸附剂吸附废水中的Ni2＋。将粒径为180μm的天然沸石与脱乙酰度90％的壳聚糖混合，制成沸石一壳聚糖吸附剂。考察了沸石一壳聚糖吸附剂对模拟含镍废水中的Ni2＋静态吸附效果的影响因素。正交实验结果表明，在壳聚糖与天然沸石质量比为0．05、吸附剂加入量为14g/L、Ni2＋初始质量浓度为40mg／L、模拟含镍废水pH为6—7、吸附时间为40min的条件下，模拟含镍废水中Ni2＋去除率大于96％。对实际电镀含镍废水的动态吸附实验结果表明，NP的质量浓度由38．0mg／L减少到0．8mg／L，小于GB8978-96《污水综合排放标准》规定值（1．0mg／L）。     

钯离子液相催化氧化低浓度磷化氢

采用Pd^2＋液相催化氧化低浓度PH3，考察了Pd^2＋浓度、O2体积分数、PH3质量浓度、混合气流量、反应温度等因素对Pd^2＋吸收液去除低浓度PH3效果的影响。实验结果表明，采用10mL Pd^2＋浓度为0．112mol／L的水溶液作为吸收液净化含低浓度PH3的混合气，在反应温度22℃、O2体积分数5％、PH3质量浓度850mg／m^3、混合气流量190mL／min的条件下，印min之内PH3去除率保持在90％以上。Pd^2＋浓度越高、O2体积分数越大、反应温度越高，PH3去除率越高；混合气流量越大，PH3去除率越低；反应温度越低、O2体积分数越大，PH3去除率的下降速率越小。